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"ABSTRACTThis article analyzes the evolution in international law of the obligation to search for and return the remains of forcibly disappeared and missing persons. Receiving the remains of forcibly disappeared and missing persons is one of the primary needs of their families, who bring the issue to international courts and non-judicial mechanisms. This obligation has been incrementally recognized and developed by different human rights courts, which have included the obligation to search for and return the remains of disappeared persons in their remedies. In parallel to the development of the obligation by international courts, the international community has begun to become more involved in assisting in return of the remains of forcibly disappeared and missing persons to their families."

"ABSTRACTThis article attempts to situate the Office on Missing Persons (OMP) in Sri Lanka in relation to varying approaches to mechanisms for searching for the missing. In particular, the article examines the possible tensions between a humanitarian and an accountability-based mandate and supports the position of the International Committee of the Red Cross that these two approaches can in fact be complementary in nature. It goes on to contend that the OMPs mandate is primarily humanitarian rather than exclusively humanitarian, and analyzes how this distinction may impact possible criminal prosecutions. It emphasizes the importance of preserving the humanitarian character of the OMP with the objective of ensuring that the victimsrights are at the centre of transitional justice processes."

"The main cause of mortality among Indonesian pilgrims was circulatory diseases. The death was common among old pilgrims, especiallly due to heart failure...."

"Perdagangan manusia (trafficking in persons) dan penyelundupan manusia (people smuggling) merupakan suatu bentuk perpindahan (migrasi) penduduk secara ilegal. Meskipun terdapat kesamaan dalam hal perpindahan ilegal, perdagangan dan penyelundupan manusia sesungguhnya merupakan dua hal yang berbeda. Untuk itulah dalam penelitian ini dirumuskan masalah bagaimana instrumen hukum internasional maupun nasional dalam mengkaji perdagangan dan penyelundupan manusia serta apa yang menjadi unsur utama dalam membedakan perdagangan dan penyelundupan manusia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan analisa kualitatif. Yang menjadi kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini adalah perdagangan dan penyelundupan manusia yang dikaji dalam instrument hukum internasional dan nasional merupakan dua bentuk kejahatan yang berbeda satu dengan yang lainnya. Yang menjadi unsur pembeda dalam dua bentuk kejahatan tersebut adalah persetujuan, tujuan dan jangkauan wilayah.

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Trafficking in persons and people smuggling is a form of displacement (migration) of illegal residents. Although there are similarities in terms of illegal migration, trafficking and people smuggling are actually two different things. For that reason in this study formulated the problem of how international and national legal instruments in assessing of human trafficking and smuggling, and also what is the key element in distinguishing trafficking and people smuggling. This study is a descriptive study with qualitative analysis.

The conclusions in this study, the international and national legal instruments are examined in that trafficking in persons and people smuggling are the two forms of crime, are different from one another. The distinctive elements in the two forms of crime are the agreement, the purpose and coverage area."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini merupakan studi lanjutan yang membahas inklusifitas danpenerapannya, dalam hal aksesibilitas bagi penyandang disabilitas di BQMI.Penelitian ini bertujuan memformulasikan aspek-aspek utama yang perludiperhatikan dalam meningkatkan aksesibilitas fisik; aksesibilitas intelektualterhadap konten pameran; dan representasi penyandang disabilitas dalam narasi diBQMI. Dalam penelitian deskriptif kualitatif ini, data dikumpulkan melalui studipustaka, observasi, simulasi dan wawancara. Peneliti menyarankan agar BQMImemperbaiki dan menambah fasilitas akses; membuat desain pameran yang dapatdiakses; serta merumuskan representasi yang baik bagi penyandang disabilitas.Dengan demikian, BQMI diharapkan dapat menjadi museum inklusif yangmencerminkan indahnya ajaran Islam yang menjunjung tinggi keadilan dankesetaraan.

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ABSTRACTThis study is a follow-up study that discusses inclusiveness and its application, interms of accessibility for persons with disabilities in BQMI. This study aims toformulate the key aspects to consider in improving physical accessibility;intellectual accessibility to the content of the exhibition; and the representation ofpersons with disabilities in the narrative in BQMI. In this qualitative descriptivestudy, data were collected through literature review, observation, simulation andinterviews. Researcher suggest that BQMI should fix and add access facilities;make accessible exhibition design; and formulate a good representation forpersons with disabilities. Thus, BQMI expected to be inclusive museum thatreflects the beauty of the teachings of Islam that upholds justice and equality."

"Conflicts and wars in several areas in Indonesia have caused a large number of Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs). IDPs adolescents are a vulnerable group for developing psychological problems. There was a concern about the form of time perspective that these adolescents have and its relationship with the occurrence of psychological problems in thefuture. However, there is a lack of studies of internally displaced persons that assess the relationship between psychological distress and time perspective in low income countries. The study aim was to assess psychological status and time perspective of adolescents who were affected by violent conflict in Indonesia. Cross sectional community based study. Questionnaires were used to obtain data from 129 adolescents whose lives were affected by violent conflict, both displaced and non-displaced. Subjects were selected by simple random sampling. Displaced adolescentswere present-past oriented, while non-displaced adolescents were future oriented. Displaced adolescents had more difficulties compared to non-displaced adolescents, especially in emotional symptoms. Factors like migration status, gender and religion have partial significance toward time dominance and psychological problems. There is a significant association between time perspective and psychological problems in which present-past oriented adolescents had greater difficulties than future oriented adolescents. The most common problem was emotional symptoms, especially anxiety problems."

"ABSTRACTIn the last thirty years, tens of thousands of Sri Lankans have experienced enforced disappearances of family members. In 2016, many members of such families came before the Consultation Task Force on Reconciliation Mechanisms, which was mandated to gather views on how people thought the transitional justice mechanisms should be designed, how they should be established and how they should function. This process allowed the families to share their experiences and to outline what they saw as important in shaping the transitional justice mechanisms. This article surveys the complex nature of their distress and psychosocial needs, as expressed by them during the consultations. It proposes that transitional justice mechanisms should be designed to protect their psychosocial well-being, address their complex psychosocial needs, and provide them with support and protection before, during and after their engagement in the mechanisms."

"ABSTRACTThis article discusses the role of archives of transitional justice and dealing with the past (DWP) mechanisms when determining the fate of missing persons. The concept of dealing with the past, the terms enforced disappearance and missing person, and the specific role of archives in periods of transition are examined. Subsequently, specific questions and challenges related to access and use of archives by DWP mechanisms, including those mechanisms with a mandate to determine the fate of missing persons, are described. Many questions related to access to archives, information management and preservation of records are similarly applicable to DWP mechanisms in general and to specific mechanisms mandated to search for missing persons. The article provides some examples of Statesobligations related to maintaining and providing access to archives that could assist in the search for missing persons under international law and policy. The article concludes by emphasizing the importance of the preservation and protection of archives relevant for dealing with the past. It further highlights the need to grant DWP mechanisms, especially those aimed at determining the fate of missing persons, access to those archives."

"Salah satu kejahatan transnasional yang sering terjadi di masyarakat Indonesia adalah kejahatan perdagangan orang. Pelaku dalam kejahatan perdagangan orang tidak selalu berkaitan dengan organisasi kejahatan. Konsep criminal network dipakai untuk menganalisis tulisan ini. Criminal network dalam tulisan ini menjelaskan bahwa didalam suatu kejahatan perdagangan orang terdapat peran individual yang terbagi menjadi directed network dan transaction network, yang menjadikan kejahatan tersebut sebagai kejahatan terorganisir.

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One of the most common transnational crimes in Indonesian society is the crime of trafficking in persons. The perpetrators are not always related to criminal organizations nor group. In this paper, I examine the event of human trafficking by borrowing the concept of Criminal Network. I argue that in a trafficking in persons, there is an individual role that is divided into directed network and transaction network, which makes the crime as organized crime."

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Jumlah populasi individu berkebutuhan khusus di Indonesia semakin meningkat seiring dengan waktu. Individu berkebutuhan khusus (IBK) dapat memiliki berbagai keterbatasan seperti keterbatasan dalam kemampuan intelektual dan fisik, gangguan kondisi jiwa, dan juga masalah medis yang kompleks sehingga membuat populasi ini semakin rentan mengalami gangguan kesehatan mulut dan membutuhkan akses serta pelayanan perawatan kesehatan gigi dan mulut. Dokter gigi Indonesia yang memiliki spesialisasi dan kemampuan di bidang perawatan gigi dan mulut IBK masih langka sehingga besar kemungkinan bahwa perawatan gigi dan mulut pasien IBK dilakukan oleh dokter gigi umum atau spesialis. Namun sampai saat ini, tidak ditemukan data mengenai pelayanan kedokteran gigi bagi IBK oleh dokter gigi Indonesia dan bagaimana pengetahuan dan persepsi dokter gigi Indonesia dalam melakukan special needs dentistry/special care dentistry (SND/SCD). Studi ini merupakan penelitian dengan desain potong lintang dan deskriptif analitik menggunakan kuesioner yang telah diadaptasi lintas budaya ke dalam Bahasa Indonesia. Hasil uji reliabilitas dan validitas kuesioner ini adalah baik (acceptable). Sebanyak 250 responden yang merupakan dokter gigi dan dokter gigi spesialis berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini. Hanya 26,4% responden yang memiliki persepsi yang baik mengenai SND/SCD dan mayoritas (70%) responden tidak melakukan SND/SCD. Meskipun demikian, persepsi responden terhadap pasien SND/SCD pada penelitian ini dominan positif kecuali pada kelompok pasien penyakit menular. Persepsi responden juga dominan nyaman, kecuali pada kelompok pasien dengan penyakit menular dan masalah psikologis atau perilaku. Tidak terdapat hubungan antara persepsi SND/SCD dengan karakteristik demografi, namun terdapat hubungan yang bermakna secara statistik antara komponen SND/SCD dalam pendidikan dokter gigi dengan persepsi dan kemampuan dalam SND/SCD. Selain itu, terdapat perbedaan perasaan dan kenyamanan terhadap perawatan pasien SND/SCD antara dokter gigi umum dan dokter gigi spesialis. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa persepsi mengenai SND/SCD pada responden dokter gigi DKI Jakarta belum baik namun responden cenderung memiliki persepsi yang positif dan nyaman kepada pasien SND/SCD.

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Population of special needs individuals in Indonesia is steadily increasing. Special needs individuals may have various disabilities such as physical and intelectual disabilities, mental health and complex medical problems which made this population more prone to oral health problems and requires access to oral health care services. Indonesian dentists who have specialization and ability in special needs dentistry/special care dentistry (SND/SCD) are rare thus there is a high chance that general dentists or other specialist dentists perform the oral health care to special needs individuals. Currently, data on SND/SCD in Indonesia and Indonesian dentists’ knowledge and perception towards SND/SCD are lacking. This study was a cross-sectional and analytical descriptive study using a questionnaire which has been cross-adapted into Indonesian language. Reliability and validity tests were performed and yielded accetable scores. A total of 250 respondents which consisted of dentists and specialist dentists participated in this study. This study found that only 26.4% respondents had good perception in SND/SCD and 70% of respondents did not practice SND/SCD. Nevertheless, respondents’ perception towards groups of special needs patients were mostly positive except on the group of patients with infectious disease and respondents were mostly comfortable in treating special needs patients except in group of patients with infectious disease and psychological or behavioral problems. There was no correlation between SND/SCD perception and demographical characteristics. However, there were statistically significant correlations between SND/SCD component in undergraduate dental training with the perception and ability in SND/SCD. Moreover, there were significant correlations between dentists and specialist dentists towards treatment in special needs patients. In conclusion, the respondents in this study had poor perception in SND/SCD although there were tendecies of positive and comfortable perception towards special needs patients.

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