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"Acquaints the specialist in relativity theory with some global techniques for the treatment of space-times and will provide the pure mathematician with a way into the subject of general relativity."

"Menguji validitas relativitas umum dapat dilakukan dengan memodifikasinya untuk mencari penyimpangan. Beberapa teori gravitasi termodifikasi menghasilkan potensial gravitasi dengan suku eksponensial yang menyerupai potensial Yukawa untuk aproksimasi medan lemah. Walaupun pengujian eksperimental dari koreksi Yukawa masih terbatas pada skala sistem tata surya, beberapa penelitian terbaru telah menggunakan data dari kurva rotasi galaksi untuk membatasi parameter Yukawa ini secara observasional, namun dengan asumsi bahwa barion terkopel secara lemah dengan gravitasi untuk memenuhi batasan gravitasi lokal. Studi kami mengabaikan asumsi ini dan menganalisis suku koreksi Yukawa baik dalam halo materi gelap maupun komponen bariyonik. Kami menyelidiki empat model: Newton, Almeida, MG, dan MG Duo, berdasarkan keberadaan suku koreksi Yukawa dalam komponennya dan kopling antar jenis partikel. Kami menguji keempat model ini pada tiga set data yang berbeda dari galaksi Bima Sakti, termasuk data Sofue (2015, 2017, dan 2020) dan data kurva rotasi dari Gaia DR3 oleh Wang (2023) dan Zhou (2023). Kami menemukan dukungan statistik yang kuat melalui faktor Bayes untuk model MG Duo yang menunjukkan kopling terpisah antara baryon-baryon dan baryon-DM. Namun, data observasional yang lebih tepat yang mencakup rentang radius galaksi yang lebih luas masih diperlukan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman tentang modifikasi di wilayah dalam galaksi Bima Sakti.

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Testing the validity of general relativity can be done by modifying it to search for potential deviations. Several modified gravity theories introduce a Yukawa-like exponential term in the gravitational potential for weak-field limits. While experimental tests of the Yukawa-correction are limited to Solar system scales, recent studies have used galactic rotation curve data to observationally constrain these Yukawa parameters, although assuming that baryons are weakly coupled to gravity to satisfy local gravity constraints. In our study, we relax this assumption and analyze the Yukawa-correction in both dark matter halo and baryonic components. We investigate four models: Newtonian, Almeida, MG and MG Duo models, based on the presence of the Yukawa-correction term in the components and the coupling between particle species. We tested these models on three Milky Way datasets: Sofue (2015, 2017, 2020) and rotation curves by Wang (2023) and Zhou (2023) derived from Gaia DR3 data. We find strong statistical favor through the Bayes factor for the MG Duo model that presents a separated coupling between baryon-baryon and baryon-DM. However, more precise observational data covering a broader range of galactic radii is still required to enhance our understanding of modifications in the inner regions of the Milky Way."

"The book starts by establishing the mathematical background (differential geometry, hypersurfaces embedded in space-time, foliation of space-time by a family of space-like hypersurfaces), and then turns to the 3+1 decomposition of the Einstein equations, giving rise to the Cauchy problem with constraints, which constitutes the core of 3+1 formalism. The ADM Hamiltonian formulation of general relativity is also introduced at this stage. Finally, the decomposition of the matter and electromagnetic field equations is presented, focusing on the astrophysically relevant cases of a perfect fluid and a perfect conductor (ideal magnetohydrodynamics). The second part of the book introduces more advanced topics: the conformal transformation of the 3-metric on each hypersurface and the corresponding rewriting of the 3+1 Einstein equations, the Isenberg-Wilson-Mathews approximation to general relativity, global quantities associated with asymptotic flatness (ADM mass, linear and angular momentum) and with symmetries (Komar mass and angular momentum). In the last part, the initial data problem is studied, the choice of spacetime coordinates within the 3+1 framework is discussed and various schemes for the time integration of the 3+1 Einstein equations are reviewed. "

"Saat ini di Indonesia, meskipun belum banyak literatur yang membahas schutznorm theorie (teori relativitas) secara khusus, tetapi telah terdapat perbedaan dalam penerapannya. Setidaknya terdapat 2 (dua) putusan yang menggambarkan perbedaan penerapan ini, yakni putusan nomor 48/Pdt.G/2016/PN.Njk dan putusan nomor 13/Pdt.G/2014/PN.Sbg. Oleh karena itu, tulisan ini akan membahas bagaimana sebenarnya hubungan antara schutznorm theorie dengan perbuatan melawan hukum dan menganalisis penerapannya dalam perkara gugatan perbuatan melawan hukum. Penelitian ini berbentuk yuridis-normatif yang bersifat deskriptif-analitis dengan menggunakan metode analisis kualitatif berdasarkan studi dokumen. Hasil dari penelitian ini menemukan bahwa schutznorm theorie dapat digunakan untuk menentukan hak gugat dalam perkara gugatan perbuatan melawan hukum dan terdapat perbedaan penerapan schutznorm theorie dalam perkara gugatan perbuatan melawan hukum. Dengan demikian perlu diatur pedoman penerapannya untuk menjamin kepastian hukum dan keadilan, dimana pedoman ini sebaiknya diatur dalam Peraturan Mahkamah Agung (Perma) yakni bahwa hukum acara perdata mengenal adanya schutznorm theorie untuk menentukan hak gugat, sebagaimana kedudukan legal standing dalam gugatan di MK RI sehingga dapat diperiksa lebih dulu sebelum masuk pokok perkara sebagaimana dismissal process di PTUN.

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Currently in Indonesia, although not much literature has specifically discussed the schutznorm theory (relativity theory), there have been differences in its application. There are at least 2 decisions that illustrate the difference: verdict number 48/Pdt.G/2016/PN.Njk and verdict number 13/Pdt.G/2014/PN.Sbg. Therefore, this paper will discuss how the actual relationship between schutznorm theory and tort and analyze its application in tort lawsuits. This research is in the form of juridical-normative, which is descriptive-analytical, by using qualitative analysis method based on document study. The results of this study found that schutznorm theory can be used to determine the right to sue in tort lawsuits and there are differences in the application of schutznorm theorie in tort lawsuits. Thus, it is necessary to set guidelines for its application to guarantee legal certainty and justice, where these guidelines should be regulated in a Supreme Court Regulation (PERMA), that civil procedural law recognizes the existence of the schutznorm theory (relativity theory) to determine the right to sue, such as legal standing to file a lawsuit at the Constitutional Court of Republic Indonesia so that it can be examined first before entering the main case, such as the dismissal process at the State Administrative Court of Republic Indonesia."

"This book begins by reviewing quasars, microquasars, and gamma-ray bursts and shows why black holes are responsible for them. It describes simple, isolated black holes, adding rotation, accretion, radiation and magnetic fields, to show how these objects work. "

"This introduction to classical mechanics and thermodynamics provides an accessible and clear treatment of the fundamentals. Starting with particle mechanics and an early introduction to special relativity this textbooks enables the reader to understand the basics in mechanics. The text is written from the experimental physics point of view, giving numerous real life examples and applications of classical mechanics in technology. This highly motivating presentation deepens the knowledge in a very accessible way. The second part of the text gives a concise introduction to rotational motion, an expansion to rigid bodies, fluids and gases. Finally, an extensive chapter on thermodynamics and a short introduction to nonlinear dynamics with some instructive examples intensify the knowledge of more advanced topics. Numerous problems with detailed solutions are perfect for self study."

"Jaringan cosmic string, dan terkait dengannya, interaksi cosmic string dapat berperan di dalam sejarah alam semesta kita. Menanggapi itu, berbagai macam simulasi interaksi string-string sudah dihasilkan. Sebagian besar simulasi interaksi string yang dihasilkan sejauh ini berdasarkan interaksi string-string kanonik — simulasi yang melibatkan string non-kanonik lebih jarang dihasilkan. Sejumlah tumbukan string n=1 pada 90° dengan v/c = 0.1, 0.5, 0.75, 0.85, dan 0.9; serta tumbukan string n=1 pada 45° dan 135° dengan v/c = 0.75 telah dilakukan untuk satu kasus menggunakan model kanonik Maxwell-Higgs standar dengan V (φ) = (|φ|^2 − 1)^2 dan untuk kasus lain menggunakan model non-kanonik Maxwell-Higgs tergeneralisasi dengan w(|φ|) = 2(|φ|^2 + 1) dan V (φ) = |φ|^2 (|φ|^2 − 1)^2 serupa dengan yang sudah dilakukan untuk string kanonik oleh Shellard dan Matzner. Interkomutasi tetap terjadi untuk semua kasus yang diuji. Perbedaan kecil antara bagaimana string non-kanonik dan string kanonik berinteraksi juga telah terobservasi.

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String networks, and by extension string interactions might play a role in the history of our universe. Responding to that, numerous string interaction simulations have been made. The bulk of string interaction simulations made so far are based on canonical string-string interactions — simulations involving non-canonical strings are much rarer. A limited number of n=1 string collisions at 90° with v/c = 0.1, 0.5, 0.75, 0.85, and 0.9; and n=1 string collisions at 45° and 135° with v/c = 0.75 have been done for one case using the canonical standard Maxwell-Higgs model with V(φ)=(|φ|^2 − 1)^2 and for another using a non-canonical generalized Maxwell Higgs model with w(|φ|) = 2(|φ|^2 + 1) and V (φ) = |φ|^2 (|φ|^2−1)^2 in the vein of those done for canonical string by Shellard and Matzner. Intercommutation still occurs for all tested cases. Slight differences between how non-canonical strings and canonical string interact have also been observed."

"Skripsi ini membahas tentang epistemologi kaitannya dengan etika. Epistemologi sebagai landasan berpikir mempunyai masalah utama, yaitu arogansi epistemik. Arogansi epistemik ini tidaklah realistis, mengingat epistemologi tidak lepas dari latar belakang budaya, konteks wacana, dan pluralitas potensi kognitif manusia. Maka dari itu, etika sebagai salah satu cabang filsafat, berperan dalam mengembangkan toleransi epistemik. Toleransi epistemik inilah yang membawa potensialitas kognitif, ke arah pluralitas kognisi berbasis humanitarian.

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This Scription discusses the epistemological relation to ethics. Epistemology as the foundation of thinking has a major problem, namely epistemic arrogance. Epistemic arrogance is not realistic, considering that epistemology can not be separated from cultural background, context of iscourse, and plurality of human cognitive potential. Therefore, ethics as a branch of philosophy, plays its role in developing epistemic tolerance. These epistemic tolerance brought cognitive potential, in the direction toward the plurality of cognition based humanitarian."

"ABSTRAKSetelah teori relativitas ditemukan oleh Albert Einstein, maka pandangan parailmuwan mengenai dunia banyak berubah. Dengan adanya teori relativitas umumyang diterapkan dalam teori gravitasi mengakibatkan penelitian mengenaiantariksa meningkat pesat. Khususnya bintang-bintang yang memiliki kepadatantinggi dimungkinkan untuk dipelajari sifat-sifatnya. Dalam penelitian ini akandipelajari hubungan antara massa dengan jari-jari dan hubungan momen inersiadengan jari-jari pada bintang neutron khususnya untuk daerah crust. Untukmendapat hasil yang diinginkan, tesis ini akan menggunakan pendekatan medanrata-rata relativistik dengan solusi akan didapatkan dari persamaan TOV. ProgramFortran akan digunakan untuk menghitung solusi persamaan TOV tersebut.

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ABSTRACTAfter Albert Einstein established his theory of relativity, a lot of scientist views ofthe world were changed. With the existence of the general theory of relativity thatis applied in the theory of gravity, there is a rapid increase in research concerningthe outer space. Moreover, the researches concerning the characteristics of highdensity stars are now possible to be conducted. In this thesis, I will describe therelations between the mass and the moment of inertia of a neutron star with itsradius especially in the crust area. To achieve the aim of this thesis, I will userelativistic mean-field approach with solution acquired from TOV equation. TheTOV equation’s solution will be calculated by the Fortran Program."