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"Penelitian ini adalah suatu studi iritasi akut pada mata kelinci oleh kombinasi herbisida 240 g/l glifosat isopropilamin dan 120 g/l 2,4 D-isopropilamin. Metode yang digunakan merujuk pada metode yang diusulkan oleh United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi herbisida tersebut menimbulkan konyungtivitis ringan, kemosis ringan, keluarnya sekret mata dan cedera kornea. Perubahan pada mata tersebut bersifat sementara. (Med J Indones 2003; 12: 135-41)

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This is an acute irritation study of the eye of a mixture of herbicides containing 240 g/l of glyphosate isopropylamine and 2,4 D-isopropylamine in the rabbits. This study was conducted according the methods as dercribed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Our results show that the combination of the herbicides causes mild conjunctivitis, mild chemosis, eye discharge and corneal injury. The ocular alteration, however, was reversible in nature. (Med J Indones 2003; 12: 135-41)"

"ABSTRAKPada metode peramalan iritasi terhadap kulit dan mata dari suatu zat ataupm produk jadi,seperti kosmetika, yang telah ada, masih dijumpai beberapa kelemahan seperti tidak adanya zat pembanding untuk peinbacaan reaksi, lamanya waktu yang dipenlukan serta membutuhkan bahan dan peralatan yang tidak sedikit.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode peramalaniritasi yang lebih sederhana dapat dilakukan pada kelinci jantan strain New Zealand, dengan menggunakan pembanding larutan Resorsinol (60 mg/0,l cc untu.k kulit.dan:6 mg/O,1 cc untuk mata),. dengan waktu kontak selama 4 jam, waktu pengarnatan 24 jam (untuk kulit) dan 1 jam (untuk mata)."

"The focus of this study is all Forensic Technicians and Pathology Anatomy Technicians in Cianjur Hospital and all Forensic Technicians in Funeral Home Bandung who has a type of works related to the use of formaldehyde. The purpose of this study was to evaluate how the exposure to formaldehyde in the room and the personal and irritating effects that they feel. After knowing the results could spur workers and hospital or company in order to prevent the occurrence of adverse health effects due to exposure to formaldehyde. The study design was cross sectional approach. Data were collected through questionnaires, interviews, observation and measurement. Researchers hope the hospital management Cianjur and Funeral Home implementing OHS programe, particularly in controlling the occurrence of chemical exposure and its effects on workers.

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Fokus penelitian ini adalah seluruh teknisi forensik dan teknisi PA di RS X Cianjur dan seluruh teknisi forensik di Rumah Duka Y Bandung yang mempunyai jenis pekerjaan yang berhubungan dengan penggunaan formaldehida. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi seberapa besar pajanan formaldehida di ruangan dan personal serta efek iritatif yang mereka rasakan. Setelah mengetahui hasilnya dapat memotivasi pekerja dan rumah sakit/perusahaan dalam upaya pencegahan terjadinya dampak kesehatan yang merugikan akibat pajanan formaldehida. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan cross sectional. Data dikumpulkan dengan cara pengisian kuesioner, wawancara, observasi dan pengukuran. Peneliti berharap manajemen RS Cianjur dan Rumah Duka melaksanakan program K3, khususnya dalam upaya pengendalian terjadinya pajanan bahan kimia dan efeknya bagi pekerja."

"ABSTRAKA cross sectional study to determine the salt consumption at household level was carried out in Sukabumi District. Two hundred households with children 1-5 years were selected randomly. This study consisted of interviews of the mothers, observation of iodized salt usage and analysis of the iodine content in iodized salt. The results showed that all households in the study area have used iodized salt but they were not aware that. they used iodized salt. The average salt consumption at household level was 4.8 gr per day per capita with majority iodine intake (71 %) less than 100 pg. Using lodometry test, 47 % of households had iodine content in iodized salt was less than 30 ppm. In general, all cooked food used salt except for rice as staple food, but not all of food prepared with salt were consumed by children 1-5 years. According to mothers' perception, the mother with better knowledge had higher percentages on using iodized salt and also had better educational level. These findings showed that the recommended iodine intake by WHO of 100-300 pg per day per capita was not fulfilled, mainly because of the low quality of iodized salt, as well as improper ways of salt storage and food preparations. Lack of knowledge due to low educational level of mother was worsening this condition."

"Latar Belakang: Keluhan iritasi mata banyak terdapat pada pekerja emping yang terpajan asap pembakaran kayu. Keluhan yang dirasakan adalah mata perih, gatal, merah dan berair. Pekerja masih menggunakan tungku lama. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji pengaruh desain tungku terhadap penurunan derajat iritasi mata akibat asap pembakaran kayu. Metode Penelitian: Desain kuasi eksperimen dua kelompok, menggunakan intervensi desain tungku baru untuk mengeliminir asap pembakaran kayu. Dilakukan pada 44 orang pekerja emping perempuan. Data dikumpulkan dengan wawancara, pemeriksaan fisik mata. Subyek penelitian mempunyai kriteria inklusi masa kerja ≥ 1 tahun dan bersedia menjadi responden dengan menandatangani informed consent, kriteria eksklusinya adalah tidak mengalami penyakit mata merah lainnya selain iritasi mata akibat kerja, mempunyai riwayat atopi dan menggunakan obat yang dapat mempengauhi air mata, seperti antihistamin, antiglaukoma, AINS dan antipsikotropica. Hasil: Hasil menunjukkan adanya penurunan derajat iritasi mata pada kelompok studi setelah intervensi selama 14 hari sebesar 89% (Tabel 4.6). Terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kelompok studi dan kontrol dalam perubahan iritasi mata dengan nilai p = 0,000 (Tabel 4.7). Kesimpulan. Kelompok kontrol mempunyai kemungkinan 8 kali untuk mengalami iritasi mata yang buruk dibandingkan dengan kelompok studi, p = 0,000, RR = 8, CI 95% (2,08 ? 30,74). Hipotesis terbukti bahwa terjadi penurunan derajat iritasi mata sebesar 89% pada pekerja emping setelah menggunakan desain tungku baru selama empat belas hari.

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Background: There are many eye irritation complaints in workers exposed to the wood burning smoke. Perceived grievances are eye sore, itchy, red and watery. Workers are still using the old furnace. This study aims to examine the influence of furnace design to decrease the degree of eye irritation caused by the smoke of burning wood.

Method: Quasi-experimental design of the two groups, using a new furnace design interventions to reduce wood burning smoke. Conducted on 44 female workers emping. Data were collected through interviews, observation and physical examination eye. The respondents were met the inclusion criteria and did not meet exclusion. The inclusion criteria were age ≥ 1 year of work and willing to be the subject of research. Exclusion criteria were having red eyes besides eye irritation due to work, have history of atopy and is undergoing treatment thay may influence the tears, like antiglaucoma, NSAIDs, antihistamines and antipsikotropica. Determination of the control group and the study is base on cluster random sampling with consideration of psychosocial and RT boundaries. Each group consisted of 22 respondents.

Results: The proportion of poor eye irritation in the study group preintervensi 81.8%, day 7th intervention 13.6% and 9.1% intervention 14th day (Table 4.6), meaning that a decrease in the degree of eye irritation with the use of a new furnace. Changes in eye irritation scores in the study group had occurred on the 7th day of the intervention by 83.3%, from preintervensi until the 14th day of the intervention of 88.9% and from day 7 until day 14 of 33.3 interventions %. Table 4.7 shows there is a significant difference between the control and study groups in terms of changes in the degree of eye irritation with p = 0.000.

Conclusion: The group that has the possibility of using the old furnace 8 times more likely to experience changes in eye irritation bad compared to the group using a new furnace with a value of p = 0.000, RR = 8.00, 95% CI (2.08 to 30.74). Hypothesis is proved that a decline in the degree of eye irritation of 88.9% in workers emping after using the new furnace design for fourteen days."

"ABSTRAKRenang adalah olahraga yang dapat meningkatkan kualitas hidup dan kesehatan manusia. Namun, pada kenyatannya tidak sedikit para pengguna kolam renang mengeluh mengalami iritasi mata berupa mata perih, gatal, merah, berair, bahkan pandangan buram setelah berenang. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan mengetahui kualitas air kolam renang berdasarkan pengukuran kadar sisa klor dan nilai pH pada air kolam renang, serta mengetahui pengaruhnya terhadap iritasi mata pada pengguna kolam renang. Variabel yang diteliti yaitu kualitas air kolam renang yang dinilai dari kadar sisa klor dan pH serta keluhan iritasi mata yang dirasakan pengguna kolam renang. Penelitian menggunakan desain Cross Sectional. Jumlah sampel adalah 100 orang pengguna kolam renang dengan beberapa kriteria inklusi dan ekslusi. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kadar sisa klor yang tidak memenuhi syarat akan beresiko menimbulkan iritasi mata 3,5 kali lebih besar terhadap pengguna kolam renang dan tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara pH kolam renang bagi yang mengalami mata merah dan yang tidak mengalami keluhan mata merah setelah berenang.

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ABSTRACT

Swimming is sports which can improve the quality of life and human health.But, in fact not a little users pool complain experienced eye irritation of the eye sting, itching, red, watery, even consideration opaque after swimming. The study is done for the purpose know the quality of a pool water levels based on the measurement of the rest of chlorine and pH values in a pool water, and know their influence on eye irritation users on pool. Variable subjects that is the quality of water swimming pool discerned from the rest of chlorine levels and pH and complaint eye irritation felt users pool. The research uses design cross sectional .The total sample is 100 the user swimming pool with several criteria inclusion and exclusion .The result of the research indicated that the level of the rest of chlorine not qualified will is risk to generate eye irritation 3,5 times more likely to users pools and there are no significant differences between pH pool for those who are facing the red and not see any complaints eyes red after swimming."

"The ability to comprehend symbolic representations is deemed as an imperative property of human cognition in the midst of this symbol-flooded world. This study aimed to investigate the early development of this ability and its relation to self-recognition in the second year of life. I presented children with a novel video game (SONY PlayStation 2 Eye Toy or ET), in which child's own image is incorporated in the game's display. Using detailed observation of children's responses to the experimental and control conditions, I investigated if they recognized this unusual symbol-referent relation. I also surreptitiously marked each child on their forehead to study if they recognized themselves in the video image (VSR). The underlining assumption is that in order to pass the self-recognition task, children should grasp basic correspondence of image-referent in the video reflection. Thus, those who passed the visual self-recognition task were hypothesized to also demonstrate better performance on the Eye Toy game than those who did not pass. Participants consisted of 8,24-month-olds and 12,30-month-olds. Results revealed that there was no difference between older and younger children performance in both ET and VSR tasks. Although children did display some insight to the novel symbol-referent relation in the game, their performance in ET and VSR task was not related. Implications and suggestion for future research in this area are discussed in light of the new findings."