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"ABSTRAKSertipikat ganda adalah sertipikat-sertipikat yang menguraikan satu bidang tanah yang sama. Apabila terjadi sertipikat ganda atau tumpang tindih atas satu bidang tanah, maka salah satu harus dibatalkan. Yang menjadi permasalahan dalam penulisan tesis ini adalah faktor-faktor penyebab terjadinya sertipikat ganda, penyelesaian kasus sertipikat ganda yang terjadi di Kabupaten Pontianak serta upaya-upaya yang dilakukan oleh Kantor Pertanahan untuk mencegah terjadinya sertipikat ganda. Terjadinya sertipikat ganda dapat disebabkan beberapa faktor, yaitu belum tersedianya peta pendaftaran tanah, adanya itikad tidak baik dari pemohon dan ada juga dari pihak Kantor Pertanahan dan juga karena kantor pertanahan belum melaksanakan azas mutakhir. Penyelesaian sengketa pertanahan dapat diselesaikan dengan cara musyawarah oleh para pihak, melalui peradilan umum dan melalui arbitrase dan alternatif. Penyelesaian sengketa tanah dalam kasus ini ditempuh melalui peradilan. Upaya pencegahan yang harus dilakukan oleh Kantor Pertanahan tiap-tiap Kantor Pertanahan harus menyediakan peta pendaftaran tanah, jangan menunggu anggaran dart Badan Pertanahan Nasional Pusat. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penulisan ini adalah metode penelitian normatif dengan tujuan untuk menarik asas-asas hukum mencari kebenaran ilmiah yang teoritis sehubungan dengan masalah yang dibahas. Berdasarkan metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penulisan tesis ini dapat diambil suatu kesimpulan bahwa untuk mencegah supaya jangan terjadi sertipikat ganda atau tumpang tindih, tiap-tiap Kantor Pertanahan harus menyediakan peta pendaftaran tanah. Dimana guna peta pendaftaran tanah untuk menyampaikan bidang tanah dalam satu wilayah cakupan yang mana sertipikat tanahnya sudah terbit.

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ABSTRAK

Double certificates are certificates which explain one same lot of land. In regard with the occurrence of double certificates or overlapping upon one lot of land, so then each of them must be terminated. The problems of writing this thesis is the causal factors of double certificates happening in Kabupaten Pontianak and efforts conducted upon them by Kantor Pertanahan (Land office) to prevent the occurrence of double certificates. The occurrence of double certificates may be caused by some reasons, namely unavailability of the land registration map, bad will of both the applicant and Land Office and also because the land office has not applied the sophisticated principle. Settlement of land dispute can be settled by the way of discussion by parties, through public court, by arbitration, and other alternatives. Settlement of land dispute, in this matter through public courts. Preventive effort which has to be performed by every land office is to supply the Land Registration Map, not to wait for budget from Badan Petanahan Pusat (central of National Land Body). The method of research used in writing this thesis is normative research method with the intention to quote certain legal principles finding theoretical scientifical truth related to the discussed matters. Based on the research method used in writing this thesis, can be concluded that to prevent the double certificates to occur or overlapping, each Land Office must provide the Land Registration Map. The use of Land Registration Map is to give Information that one lot of land certain area has been certified."

"Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode studi kualitatif deskriptif, dengan tujuan untuk melihat Analisa Langkah-Iangkah Pencapaian Sertifikasi ISO 14001 Klinik PT MONAGRO KIMIA dan kliniknya pada tahun 1998" di Kawasan industri Manis, Desa Jatake, Kecamatan Jatiuwung, Tangerang. Dalam Kesimpulan yang didapat ditemukan bahwa secara umum Klinik PTMK ini sudah melakukan langkah-langkah yang dalam upaya pencapaian standar Prosedur ISO 14001 sehingga dapt memenuhi kebutuhan kelengkapan sertifikasi 1SO14001. Disarankan bagi Klinik ini agar terus melakukan perbaikan berkelanjutan, termasuk bila perlu melengkapi personel pada manajer Sumber Daya Manusianya untuk membuat program ini menjadi tujuan menyeluruh ke seluruh cabang di bagian negara Indonesia lainnya dan dapat dijadikan bahan referensi bagi Klinik kecil pelayanan kesehatan yang mau punya perjanjian kepedulian terhadap kuatitas dan perduli terhadap lingkungan dimana dia berada.

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Analysis Certification Step Program On Iso 14001 in PT Monagro Kimia And The Clinic, Kecamatan Jatiuwung Kabupaten Tangerang On The Year 1998This research survey is made by doing the methodology of a Descriptive Qualitative Study with some informants to gather the data for the purpose of "Analyzing the general steps preparation procedures for achieving the certification for ISO 14001 in 1998", Which is held in the scope of an American Corporate for Agro Chemical Industries PT MONAGRO KIMIA (MONSANTO INDONESIA) Clinic, at Manis industrial Estate, Jatake Village, Jatiuwung, Tangerang. As the Summary comes it is well proven that the Clinic of PT MONAGRO KIMIA has done a committed management programs in general in order to meet the Certifications Standard Procedures as it is suitable for the Total Quality Management and Environment friendly company. For more advisory matters this would made the Clinic to do even better for doing the continuous improvement, including needs to re-organize the Plant HR manager vacancy if necessary, for making this program as continuous goals throughout this nation for all regional areas in Indonesia, and can be made as reference materials by other small Clinics who serves medical care and committed to have a quality service, and friendly to the environment where it stands."

"Pemerintah mengesahkan Undang-Undang No. 33 tahun 2014 tentang Jaminan Produk Halal (UUJPH) sebagai aturan mandatory halal dengan harapan dapat terwujudnya perlindungan untuk konsumen muslim dan untuk memberikan nilai tambah bagi pelaku UMK. Namun hingga tahun 2019, hanya sebesar 1% UMK yang sudah bersertifikat halal (MUI, 2021) sehingga untuk dapat melihat dampak dari sertifikat halal terhadap kinerja, peneliti membandingkan antara kinerja UMK yang bersertifikat halal dengan UMK yang belum bersertifikat halal menggunakan desain penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode Propensity Score Matching (PSM). Metode PSM dapat menyeimbangkan atau menyamakan kelompok subjek penelitian dengan metode matching. Dengan metode ini kelompok treatmen dipasangkan dengan kelompok nontreatmen berdasarkan kovariat yang diamati. Metode ini digunakan untuk mengurangi bias dalam estimasi efek perlakuan pada data yang bersifat observasi karena adanya faktor confounding. Propensity Score merupakan probabilitas bersyarat mendapatkan perlakuan tertentu berdasarkan kovariat yang diamati. Hasil penelitian menyebutkan bahwa ada perbedaan kinerja antara UMK yang bersertifikat halal dengan UMK yang tidak bersertifikat halal namun pengaruh dari sertifikat halal tidak signifikan terhadap kinerja UMK.

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The government passed Undang Undang No. 33, 2014 concerning Halal Product Guarantee (UUJPH) as a mandatory halal regulation in the hope of realizing protection for Muslim consumers and to provide added value for MSEs. However, until 2019, only 1% of MSEs have been certified halal (MUI, 2021) so to be able to see the impact of halal certificates on performance, researchers compare the performance of MSEs that are halal certified and MSEs that have not been certified halal using a quantitative research design with the method Propensity Score Matching (PSM). The PSM method can balance or equalize groups of research subjects with the matching method. With this method the treatment group is paired with the non-treated group based on the observed covariates. This method is used to reduce bias in the estimation of treatment effects on observational data due to confounding factors. Propensity Score is a conditional probability of getting a certain treatment based on the observed covariates. The results of the study stated that there was a difference in performance between MSEs that were halal-certified and MSEs that were not halal-certified, but the effect of the halal certificate was not significant on the performance of MSEs."

"ABSTRAKTesis ini membahas implementasi kebijakan sertifikasi guru pada SMA Negeri diKecamatan Indramayu Kabupaten Indramayu dan faktor-faktor yangmempengaruhinya yaitu Komunikasi, Sumber daya, Sikap para pelaksana, StukturBirokrasi organisasi pelaksana, dan Lingkungan sosial ekonomi. Penelitian inimerupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan desain deskriptif. Hasil penelitianmenyarankan bahwa pihak-pihak yang terkait dalam implementasi kebijakan perlulebih peduli pada kelengkapan dan kejelasan dari isi kebijakan sertifikasi guru;guru perlu memahami maksud dan tujuan sertifikasi sebagai upaya reformasipendidikan dengan menjadikan guru sebagai suatu jabatan profesi; perlunyaperencanaan yang matang, koordinasi dan kinerja yang baik dari para pelaksanayang menangani penyelenggaraan sertifikasi guru.

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AbstractThe research explained the implementation of certification policy and factors thatinfluences of it such as Communication, Resource, Attitude or Disposition,Structure Organization, and Social Economic. The result of the research suggestthat the stakeholders in implementing the policy should be more focus on clearityof the policy. The teacher need to understand the purpose of teacher certificationas educational reform; accurate planning, coordinating, and good performanceneed to be set in implementing the policy of teacher certification."

"[Sertifikasi guru adalah program penting dalam meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan nasional. Implementasi adalah kunci sukses sebuah program. Kegagalan dalam melaksanakan programberarti kegagalan dalam mencapai tujuan dari program tersebut.Fokus penelitian ini adalah untuk Menganalisis Pelaksanaan Kebijakan Sertifikasi Guru Sekolah Dasar Negeri Di Kecamatan Sekampung Udik Kabupaten Lampung Timur Tahun 2014 dengan menggunakan faktor-faktor interaktif yang digagas oleh Merille S. Grindle yaitu isi kebijakan dan lingkungan kebijakan. Keberperanan faktor-faktor tersebut sangat bermakna bagi implementasi kebijakan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan post positivis melalui metode kualitatif dengan model studi kasus. Subyek penelitiannya adalah pegawai Dinas Pendidikan Dan Kebudayaan ProvinsiLampung dan Dinas Pendidikan Pemuda Dan Olahraga Kabupaten Lampung Timur, Pegawai LPMP Provinsi Lampung, LPTK penyelenggara rayon 107 Universitas Lampung, pengawassekolah, kepala sekolah, Unit Pelaksana Dinas Kecamatan Sekampung Udik, dan juga guru sekolah dasar negeri di Kecamatan Sekampung Udik. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah wawancara dan studi dokumentasi. Hasil peneltian ini menunjukkan bahwa implementasi kebijakan sertifikasi guru sekolah dasar negeri di Kecamatan Sekampung Udik Kabupaten Lampung Timur Tahun 2014 telah memenuhi sembilan indikator dari unsur implementasi kebijakan publik model Merille S Grindle walaupun belum sempurna. Variabel lingkungan implementasi (cntext of implementation) merupakanunsur yang paling lemah dalam pelaksanaan kebijakan sertifikasi guru. Peningkatan koordinasi merupakan solusi alternatif untuk permasalah pelaksanaan kebijakan sertifikasi guru di Kecamatan Sekampung Udik.

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Teachers certification is an important program to improve the quality of national education. The implementation of the program is the key to success. Failure to implement the program means failure to achieve the goal.The focus of this research is to analyze the implementation of teachers certification policy at public elementary school in Sekampungudiksubdistrict, East Lampung

regency in 2014 using interactive factors initiated by MerilleS. Grindle which are policy content and policy environment. The influences of those factors are very meaningful for policy implementation. This research using post positivis approach by qualitative method with case study model. Research object are employees of Education And Culture Department Lampung Province, Youth Education And Sport Department East Lampung Regency, LPMP East Lampung's Employees, LPTK Administrator Area 107 Lampung University, school superintendent, head master, service, UPDT Sekampung Udik Sub District, and elementary school?s teachers in Sekampung Udik Subdistrict. Data collection method in this research are interview and documentation study. Research result show that implementation of teacher certification policy in Sekampung Udik sub district, East Lampung regency in 2014 has been for qualified nine indicator from public policy's Implementation element Merille'S Grindle's model although it is not perfect yet. Environmental implementation variable (context of implementation) is the weaknest element in teacher?s policy implementation. Strengthen the coordination is an alternative solution for teachers certification policy?s problem in Sekampung Udik sub district. Teachers certification is an important program to improve the quality of national education. The implementation of the program is the key to success. Failure to implement the program means failure to achieve the goal.The focus of this research is to analyze the implementation of teachers certification policy at public elementary school in Sekampung udik subdistrict, East Lampung regency in 2014 using interactive factors initiated by MerilleS. Grindle which are policy content and policy environment. The influences of those factors are very meaningful for policy implementation. This research using post positivis approach by qualitative method with case study model. Research object are employees of Education And Culture Department Lampung Province, Youth Education And Sport Department East Lampung Regency, LPMP East Lampung’s Employees, LPTK Administrator Area 107 Lampung University, school superintendent, head master, service, UPDT Sekampung Udik Sub District, and elementary school’s teachers in Sekampung Udik Subdistrict. Data collection method in this research are interview and documentation study. Research result show that implementation of teacher certification policy in Sekampung Udik sub district, East Lampung regency in 2014 has been for qualified nine indicator from public policy’s Implementation element Merille S Grindle’smodel although it is not perfect yet. Environmental implementation variable (context of implementation) is the weaknest element in teacher’s policy implementation. Strengthen the coordination is an alternative solution for teachers certification policy’s problem in Sekampung Udik sub district. Teachers certification is an important program to improve the quality of national education. The implementation of the program is the key to success. Failure to implement the program means failure to achieve the goal.The focus of this research is to analyze the implementation of teachers certification policy at public elementary school in Sekampungudiksubdistrict, East Lampung

regency in 2014 using interactive factors initiated by MerilleS. Grindle which are policy content and policy environment. The influences of those factors are very meaningful for policy implementation. This research using post positivis approach by qualitative method with case study model. Research object are employees of Education And Culture Department Lampung Province, Youth Education And Sport Department East Lampung Regency, LPMP East Lampung’s Employees, LPTK Administrator Area 107 Lampung University, school superintendent, head master, service, UPDT Sekampung Udik Sub District, and elementary school’s teachers in Sekampung Udik Subdistrict. Data collection method in this research are interview and documentation study. Research result show that implementation of teacher certification policy in Sekampung Udik sub district, East Lampung regency in 2014 has been for qualified nine indicator from public policy’s Implementation element Merille S Grindle’smodel although it is not perfect yet. Environmental implementation variable (context of implementation) is the weaknest element in teacher’s policy implementation. Strengthen the coordination is an alternative solution for teachers certification policy’s problem in Sekampung Udik sub district., Teachers certification is an important program to improve the quality of national education. The

implementation of the program is the key to success. Failure to implement the program means

failure to achieve the goal.The focus of this research is to analyze the implementation of teachers

certification policy at public elementary school in Sekampungudiksubdistrict, East Lampung

regency in 2014 using interactive factors initiated by MerilleS. Grindle which are policy content

and policy environment. The influences of those factors are very meaningful for policy

implementation

This research using post positivis approach by qualitative method with case study model.

Research object are employees of Education And Culture Department Lampung Province, Youth

Education And Sport Department East Lampung Regency, LPMP East Lampung’s Employees,

LPTK Administrator Area 107 Lampung University, school superintendent, head master, service,

UPDT Sekampung Udik Sub District, and elementary school’s teachers in Sekampung Udik

Subdistrict. Data collection method in this research are interview and documentation study.

Research result show that implementation of teacher certification policy in Sekampung Udik sub

district, East Lampung regency in 2014 has been for qualified nine indicator from public policy’s

Implementation element Merille S Grindle’smodel although it is not perfect yet.

Environmental implementation variable (context of implementation) is the weaknest element in

teacher’s policy implementation. Strengthen the coordination is an alternative solution for

teachers certification policy’s problem in Sekampung Udik sub district.]"

"Sesuai amanat Undang-Undang No. 14 Tahun 2005 tentang Guru dan Dosen, guru dalam jabatan wajib mengikuti program sertifikasi. Pola sertifikasi mengharuskan guru mengikuti penilaian portofolio untuk memperoleh sertifikat pendidik. Apabila tidak lulus, guru harus mengikuti PLPG (pendidikan dan latihan profesi guru). Anggaran portofolio dan PLPG dibebankan kepada negara. Mekanisme penganggaran dilakukan dengan mengikuti pola sertifikasi. Pada awal tahun anggaran biaya portofolio dialokasikan sebesar kuota peserta sertifikasi guru per provinsi. Sedangkan biaya PLPG dialokasikan berdasarkan estimasi jumlah peserta yang tidak lulus portofolio. Masalah muncul saat realisasi peserta yang tidak lulus portofolio atau harus mengikuti PLPG, lebih tinggi daripada perkiraan, sehingga terjadi kekurangan biaya PLPG secara nasional. Revisi anggaran dilakukan untuk menambah kekurangan biaya dengan merealokasi DIPA (daftar isian pelaksanaan anggaran) di lingkungan Kementerian Pendidikan Nasional. Rentang batas pagu revisi yang terlalu besar dan tiadanya standar biaya PLPG, membuat anggaran ini tidak efisien. Untuk inilah penelitian dilakukan dengan tujuan : mengevaluasi alokasi dan realisasi anggaran biaya PLPG 2009; mendapatkan revaluasi jumlah peserta dan total biaya PLPG per provinsi; dan merumuskan kebijakan anggaran penyelenggaraan sertifikasi guru berdasarkan hasil evaluasi.Untuk mewujudkan tujuan tersebut, dibuatlah model penelitian dengan integer programming. Fungsi tujuan adalah minimisasi koefiesien variasi (CV) biaya PLPG setiap provinsi. Fungsi kendala terdiri dari total biaya maksimum tersedia, kuota peserta sertifikasi secara nasional, dan jumlah peserta minimal setiap provinsi. Variabel keputusannya adalah penyimpangan baku relatif biaya PLPG yang merevaluasi jumlah peserta dari 30 provinsi. Model integer programming dapat meminimumkan rata-rata CV nasional yang merevaluasi jumlah peserta secara nasional. Dengan demikian total realisasi biaya PLPG secara nasional dapat dihemat.

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As stipulated by the Act. 14 Year 2005 on Teachers and Lecturers, in-service teacher should attend certification program. Certification requires teachers to follow the pattern of portfolio assessment to obtain a certificate of an educator. If not passed, the teacher must follow PLPG (pendidikan dan latihan profesi guru). Portfolio and PLPG budgets are provided by the state. Budgeting mechanism is done by following the pattern of certification. In the early years of the portfolio budget is allocated based on quotas for teacher certification participants per province. While the cost of PLPG is allocated based on estimated number of participants who did not pass the portfolio. Problems arise when the realization of the participants who did not pass the portfolio or have to follow PLPG, is higher than originally estimated, resulting in a lack of funds PLPG nationally. Revised budget to finance the shortfall in costs is done by reallocating DIPA (daftar isian pelaksanaan anggaran) in the Ministry of National Education. Revised ceiling limit are too high and the absence of standards PLPG costs, makes this budget inefficient. Therefore the objective of research are : to evaluate the allocation and budget realization of PLPG 2009; obtain revalued number of participants and the total cost of PLPG per province; and for formulation policies based on the evaluation of teacher certification.To realize these objectives, the research used integer programming. The objective function is to minimize coefficient of variation (CV) of PLPG cost of each province. While the constraint consist of a maximum available fund, a nationally certified participant quota, and the minimum number of participants in each province. The decision variable is the relative standard deviation of PLPG cost which revalue number of participants from 30 provinces. Integer programming model can minimize the national average of CV which revalue number of participants nationally. So the total actual costs can be saved nationally."

"Sertipikat merupakan tanda bukti hak atas pendaftaran tanah yang dilakukan oleh pemegang hak atas tanah. Persyaratan yang harus dipenuhi dalam pendaftaran tanah, diantaranya yaitu melengkapi bukti-bukti baik tertulis maupun tidak tertulis. Surat keterangan riwayat tanah dan surat keterangan tanah tidak sengketa merupakan salah satu syarat yang harus dipenuhi dalam pendaftaran tanah. Peran dari Pejabat Kepala Desa dalam mengeluarkan surat keterangan tanah tersebut, seringkali membutuhkan waktu yang lama dan tidak jarang menimbulkan sengketa di kemudian hari. Permasalahan yang seringkali ditemui yaitu sengketa kepemilikan tanah, dimana pihak yang satu selaku pemegang sertipikat terbukti, bahwa surat keterangan riwayat tanah dan surat keterangan tanah tidak sengketa adalah palsu. Permasalahan ini terjadi karena Pejabat Sementara Kepala Desa berperan dalam pemalsuan tersebut. Pihak lainnya yang telah melakukan jual beli dimana jual beli tersebut, tidak melakukan pengecekan terlebih dahulu terhadap objek tanah tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif, mengkaji antara ketentuan hukum yang ada dengan permasalahan yang terjadi di dalam masyarakat, sedangkan tipologi penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian yang bersifat deskriptif analitis, dengan menggambarkan dan menjelaskan lebih dalam mengenai keabsahan sertipikat yang dokumen-dokumen pendukungnya yang mempengaruhi pembatalan akta jual beli pihak lain. Hasil dari penelitian ini bahwa para pihak dalam melakukan pendaftaran tanah harus lebih teliti, sehingga pendaftaran tanah dapat memberikan kepastian hukum dengan diterbitkannya tanda bukti hak.

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The certificate is a proof of the rights over the land registry conducted by holders of land rights In the land register there are several requirements that must be met, namely the complete evidence both written and unwritten. Certificate of land history and a non-dispute land certificate are not a requirement that must be fulfilled in land registration. The role of Official Village Chief in issuing the land certificate, often takes a long time and not seldom causes a dispute in the future. Among these problems are often encountered, namely land ownership disputes, where one party as the holder of the certificate is proven that the certificate of land history and a non-dispute land certificate are fake. This problems happen is because of the Acting Village Chief involved in the forgery. And other parties have done selling and buying where it did not a sale and purchase where it did not check the land object in advance. This study uses the juridical normative research, examines existing laws with problems that occur in the community, whereas the research typology used is descriptive analytical research, which is providing data as thoroughly as possible to reinforce the old theories by describing and explaining more about the validity of the certificate in supporting documents which affecting the cancellation of the deed of sale and purchase of another party. The results of this study that the parties in conducting of land registration should be more careful, so the land registration can provide legal certainty with the issuance of entitlement proof."

"ABSTRAKDi Indonesia, pihak yang berwenang untuk melakukan sertifikasi pengadaan secara elektronik adalah Otoritas Sertifikat Digital Pengadaan Secara Elektronik (OSD PSE) yang dikelola oleh unit kerja di Badan Sandi dan Siber Negara. OSD PSE memberikan jaminan layanan keamanan pada pengadaan secara elektronik di banyak sektor. Penelitian ini difokuskan pada identifikasi, analisis dan respon risiko layanan OSD PSE untuk mendapatkan enabler process dan Key risk indicator dengan mengkombinasikan metode Risk Scenario COBIT 5 dan NIST SP 800-30 Revision 1. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh 14 enabler proses yaitu APO07.01, APO07.03, APO07.06, DSS01.01, DSS01.04, DSS05.05, DSS06.02, DSS06.03, APO01.06, DSS01.01, DSS05.02, DSS05.06, DSS06.04, dan DSS06.05.  Kemudian diidentifikasi 22 key risk indicator yang berhubungan dengan  IT goal and 47 yang terpengaruh process goal. Dua komponen kontrol risiko tersebut yaitu enabler proses dan key risk indicator kemudian digunakan sebagai kontrol pada  pengembangan 7 disain mitigasi risiko OSD PSE. Akhirnya penelitian ini menghasilkan rancangan pengembangan disain mitigasi risiko terhadap: Penyalahgunaan hak akses, kesalahan proses verifikasi sertifikat elektronik, kegagalan proses instalasi dan konfigurasi sistem, penyadapan, private key compromise, perangkat tidak dapat diakses dan adanya bug pada sistem OSD PSE.

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ABSTRACT

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Secara Elektronik (OSD PSE), is provided by a unit at National Cyber and Crypto Agency. This is an in-demand service for many sectors that require secure electronic procurement. This study focused on the identification, analysis and risk response of OSD PSE services to obtain an enabler process and key risk indicator by combining the Risk Scenario Risk Scenario COBIT 5 method and NIST SP 800-30 Revision 1. Based on the results of the study obtained 14 enabler processes that were successfully identified, namely APO07.01, APO07.03, APO07.06, DSS01.01, DSS01.04, DSS05.05, DSS06.02, DSS06.03, APO01.06, DSS01.01, DSS05.02, DSS05.06, DSS06.04, dan DSS06.05.  Then 22 key risk indicator related to IT goal and 47 influenced by the process goal.  These two components of risk control are then used as controls in the development of 7 OSD PSE risk mitigation design. Finally, this research produced a draft of the development of risk mitigation designs for: Access rights from prior roles are abused, error in the electronic certificate verification process, failure of the installation and system configuration process, private key compromise, hardware components inaccessible, and immature software (bugs) on the OSD PSE system.

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"ABSTRAKTesis ini memapaparkan mengenai kebijakan sertifikasi guru yang di terbitkan di Indonesia setelah dikeluarkannya UU Guru dan Dosen No 14 tahun 2005. Dalam menggali data, penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan menambahkan studi kasus di 2 dua sekolah SMA Negeri 2 Bogor dan SMA Bosowa Bina Insani Bogor untuk melihat implementasi kebijakan sertifikasi guru. Level analisis yang dibahas ada 3 tiga yaitu tingkat mikro pada proses perumusan UU guru dan dosen serta perumusan dan pengesahan kebijakan sertifikasi guru di level pemerintah, di level meso berusaha melihat bagaimana institusi pemerintah daerah dan sekolah menjalankan kebijakan sertifikasi guru. Serta pada level mikro dengan melihat dampak dan pengalaman yang diterima oleh guru terhadap kebijakan sertifikasi guru ini di dua sekolah yang menjadi studi kasus. Dengan memanfaatkan kerangka historical institutionalism berusaha menjelaskan bagaimana perumusan kebijakan UU guru dan dosen merupakan path dependence terhadap pilihan institusi Kemdikbud untuk melakukan perubahan terhadap sistem pendidikan, khususnya kepada profesionalitas guru. Kemudian keterkaitan aktor-aktor dalam menentukan sejarah yang dikenal dengan antecedent condition critical juncture yang kemudian berdampak pada bagaimana aturan-aturan pendukung tersebut ditegakkan dalam tingkat interaksi antara sekolah dan guru sebagai bentuk reproduction mechanism. Kata kunci:Sertifikasi guru, kebijakan, institusi, historical institutionalism, path dependence, critical juncture, reproduction mechanism

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ABSTRACTThis thesis describes the teacher certification policy published in Indonesia after the issuance of the Law on Teachers and Lecturers No. 14 of 2005. In digging the data, this research uses qualitative method by adding case study in 2 two schools there are SMA Negeri 2 Bogor dan SMA Bosowa Bina Insani Bogor to see the implementation of teacher certification policy. Level of analysis discussed there are 3 three that is micro level in formulation process of teacher and lecturer law and formulation and validation of teacher certification policy at government level, at meso level try to see how local government institution and school run teacher certification policy. As well as at the micro level by looking at the impact and experience received by teachers on this teacher certification policy in the two schools that became the case study. By utilizing the framework of historical institutionalism trying to explain how the policy formulation of teachers and lecturers is the path dependence of Kemdikbud institution choice to make changes to the education system, especially to guu. Then the linkage of actors in determining the history known as antecedent condition critical juncture which then impact on how the supporting rules are enforced in the level of interaction between school and teacher as a form of reproduction mechanism. Keywords Teacher certification, policy, institution, historical institutionalism, path dependence, critical juncture, reproduction mechanism "