Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Menggigil pasca anesthesia merupakan komplikasi yang potensial bagi pasien pasca bedah yang dapat mengakibatkan Iiipoksemia karena peningkatan konsumsi oksigen jaringan dan peningkatan kadar C02 dalam darah. Hal ini berbahaya tenriama bagi pasien dengan riwayat penyakit jantung iskemi atau pasien-pasien dengan fungsi cadangan ventilasi yang terbatas. Teiah banyak upaya pencegahan maupun penanggulangan dilakukan untuk mengatasi menggigil pasca anestesia, obat yang lazim digunakan adalah petidin. Penelitian terbaru juga menunjukkan bahwa ketamin juga efektif untuk mencegah menggigil pasca anestesia.Penelitian ini bertujuan membuktikan apakah ketamin lebih efektif dibandingkan petidin untuk mencegah menggigil pasca anestesia inhalasi N20/02/isofluran, Penelitian ini bersifat uji klinis tersamar ganda yang membandingkan keefektifan ketamin intravena 0,5 mg/kb BB dengan petidin 0.35 mg/kg BB. Penelitian dilakukan di Instalasi Bedah Pusat RSCM dengan jumlah sampel 40, laki-laki dan perempuan, usia 16-65 tahun, status fisik ASA I-II. Kriteria penolakan adalah mempunyai riwayat alergi terhadap petidin dan ketamin, memiliki riwayat kejang, hipertensi dan penyakit jantung koroner, jika suhu tubuh sebelum induksi >38 °C atau <36°C dan bila pasien mengkonsumsi obat inhibitor monoamine oksidase. Kriteria pengeluaran jika operasi berlangsung >180 menit atau kurang dari 30 menit, mendapatkan darah atau komponen darah, memerlukan perawatan di ruang rawat intesif pasca pembedahan., mengalami komplikasi selamaanestesia seperti syok atau henti jantung dan bila intra operatif pasien mendapatkan obat klonidin, prostigmin, petidin dan ondansetron."

"Tujuan: Membandingkan keefektifan klonidin dan meperidin dalam mencegah menggigil pasta anestesia umum.Metode: Uji KIinik Acak Tersamar Ganda. Penelitian dilakukan di Instalasi Bedah Pusat RSCM pada bulan Maret sampai Mei 2006, dengan jumlah sampel 61 ()rang dan dikeluarkan 5 sampel, sehingga tersisa 56 sampel yang menjalani operasi berencana dan anestesia umum. Pasien dibagi secara acak kedalam 2 kelompok; 28 pasien mendapatkan klonidin 1,54g/kgBB sebagai premedikasi dan 28 pasien Iainnya mendapatkan meperidin 0,35mg ketika isofluran dihentikan. Dilakukan pencatatan pasta operasi kejadian menggigil pada kedua perlakuan, dilakukan juga pencatatan terhadap efek samping pada kedua kelompok perlakuan. Analisa statistik untuk melihat perbedaan kekerapan antara kedua perlakuan dilakukan uji Chi Square.Hasil: Tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna secara statistik antara kedua kelompok perlakuan dalam haI kekerapan kejadian menggigil.

---

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of Clonidin and Meperidin in preventing the post-anesthesia shivering.

Methods: Double-blinded, randomized clinical trial. The study was conducted at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital Central Surgery Room from March until May 2006 to 61 adult patients who went to elective surgery and were planned to be under general anesthesia, 5 of them were excluded The rest were divided randomly into two groups; 28 patients were given 1,5 pg/kg BW Clonidin intravenously as premedication and the other 28 patients were given 0,35 mg/kg BW Meperidin intravenously when Isoflurane was stop. The incidence of post-anesthesia shivering and adverse-effect on both groups were recorded. Chi Square method was performed to identify the frequency difference between the two groups.

Result: There were no significant statistical differences' between the two groups in a matter of frequency of shivering."

"Latar Belakang: Post Aneshesia Shivering (PAS) adalah gerakan involunter satu otot rangka atau lebih yang biasanya terjadi pada masa awal pemulihan pascaanestesia. Kekerapannya mencapai 60% pada pasien yang mendapatkan anestesia umum. PAS dapat menyebabkan hipoksia arterial, meningkatnya curah jantung, risiko terjadinya infark miokard, dan mengganggu interpretasi alat-alat pemantauan tanda vital. Tatalaksana kejadian PAS diantaranya dengan menggunakan metode farmakologi diantaranya dengan pemberian ondansetron dan meperidin. Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan keefektifan pencegahan PAS dengan pemberian ondansetron 4 mg dengan meperidin 0.35 mg/kgBB intravena.Metode:Uji klinis, acak, tersamar ganda pada 92 pasien yang menjalani operasi elektif sederhana di kamar operasi RSCM Kirana. Pasien dibagi dalam dua kelompok yaitu kelompok ondansetron dan kelompok meperidin. Pasien mendapatkan ondansetron atau meperidin sesaat sebelum anestesia, lalu seluruh pasien mendapatkan anestesia yang distandarisasi (premedikasi dengan midazolam 0.05 mg/kgBB dan fentanyl 2 mcg/kgBB, induksi dengan propofol 12.5 mg/kgbb, intubasi atau insersi LMA difasilitasi rokuronium 0.6 mg/kgBB, pemeliharaan dengan sevofluran 2 vol% dengan compressed air:O2 = 2:1). Kekerapan dan derajat menggigil dicatat tiap lima menit selama tiga puluh menit pascaanestesia. Efek samping pascapemberian juga dicatat.Hasil: Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna secara statistik (p>0.05) dalam kekerapan PAS pada kedua kelompok. Kekerapan kelompok ondansetron sebesar 15.2%, sedangkan kekerapan kelompok meperidin sebesar 6.5%.Kesimpulan: Ondansetron 4 mg intravena sama efektifnya dengan meperidin 0.35 mg/kgBB dalam mencegah kejadian PAS.

---

Background: Post Anesthesia Shivering (PAS) is the involuntary movements of one or more skeletal muscles that usually occur in the early time of postanesthesia recovery. The incidence reached 60% in patients receiving general anesthesia. PAS can cause arterial hypoxia, cardiac output increased, the risk of myocardial infarction, and interfere with interpretation tools vital sign monitoring. Management of the incidence of PAS such as by using pharmacological methods such as by administration of ondansetron and meperidine. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of prevention PAS by administering ondansetron 4 mg with meperidine 0.35 mg / kg intravenously.Methods: Clinical trials, randomized, double-blind on 92 patients undergoing elective surgery in the RSCM-Kirana operating room. Patients were divided into two groups: group ondansetron and meperidine. Patients received ondansetron or meperidine shortly before anesthesia and all patients receive standardized anesthesia (premedication with midazolam 0.05 mg / kg and fentanyl 2 mcg / kg, induced with propofol 1-2.5 mg / kg, intubation or LMA insertion is facilitated with rocuronium or 0.6 mg / kg, maintenance with sevoflurane 2 vol% to compressed air: O2 = 2: 1). The frequency and degree of shivering recorded every five minutes for thirty minutes post-anesthesia. The side effects were also recorded.Result: There was no statistically significant difference (p> 0.05) in the frequency of PAS in both groups. Ondansetron group frequency of 15.2%, while the frequency of meperidine group was 6.5%.Conclusion: Ondansetron 4 mg intravenously as effective as meperidine 0.35 mg/kgBW in preventing the incidence of PAS."

"Latar belakang : Telah dilakukan penelitian untuk waktu optimal pemberian fentanil 2 .tg/kg BB dengan tujuan menekan respon kardiovaskuler akibat laringoskopi dan intubasi dengan membandingkan waktu pemberian fentanil 5 dan 7 menit sebelum dilakukan tindakan laringoskopi dan intubasi.Metode:Tiga puluh enam pasien ASA 1 dan ASA 2 dibagi dalam dua kelompok secara acak masing-masing tediri dari delapan belas pasien. Kelompok pertama diberikan fentanil dosis 2 µglkg BB waktu 5 menit sebelum laringoskopi dan intubasi, sedangkan kelompok kedua diberikan dosis yang sama dengan waktu 7 menit sebelum laringoskopi dan intubasi , data tekanan darah sistolik , diastolik, tekanan arteri rata-rata dan laju jantung dari kedua kelompok dibandingkan sampai 5 menit setelah intubasi.Hasil : Secara statistik tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kedua kelompok yang dibandingkan (p>0.05) dalam hal tekanan darah sistolik, tekanan darah diastolik, tekanan arteri rata-rata dan laju jantung akibat laringoskopi dan intubasi.Kesimpulan : Waktu optimal untuk injeksi fentanil 21tg kg BB-' untuk dapat menekan respon hemodinamik akibat laringoskopi dan intubasi adalah 5 dan 7 menit sebelum tindakan tersebut dilakukan.

---

Background :This study was designed to examine the optimal time of injection of 2 gg/kg fentanyl to Attenuate circulatory responses due to laringoscopy and tracheal intubation that compared between 5 minute and 7 minute before laringoscopy and tacheal intubation.

Method : Thirty six patients ASA 1 and ASA 2 were randomly in two groups which each group eighteen patients. The patients in group 1 received fentanyl 2 pg/kg 5 minute and group 2 received the same dose 7 minute before laringoscopy and tracheal intubation.

Result : The result of this study were no statistical significant values both of groups in systolic, diastolic, mean arterial pressure and heart rate due to laringoscopy and intubation

Conclusion : The effective time to administer fentanyl 2pg kg _I to protect circulatory response to laringoscopy and tracheal intubation are 5 minute and 7 minute before intubation."

"Latar Belakang: Nyeri akut pasca-bedah pada anak-anak sering tidak ditanganidengan baik karena dogma yang popular adalah anak-anak tidak merasakan nyeri.Penanganan nyeri yang tidak adekuat mencetus respon stress dan biokimia danmenyebabkan gangguan fungsi metabolisme, kardiovaskular, pulmoner, neuroendokrin,gastrointestinal, dan imunologi. Selama ini, penanganan nyeri akutpascabedah anak-anak di bawah umbilikus dilakukan dengan pendekatanmultimodal dengan teknik anestesia regional dan obat analgetika sistemik.Asetaminofen merupakan obat analgetika yang paling sering digunakan untukmenangani nyeri derajat ringan-sedang. Metamizol juga telah banyak digunakansebagai obat analgetika yang efektif untuk nyeri pasca-bedah. Meski demikian,untuk penanganan nyeri pasca-bedah, penggunaan metamizol tidak sepopulerasetaminofen di Indonesia. Di RSUPN dr.Cipto Mangunkusumo, penggunaanasetaminofen intravena sebagai analgetika pascabedah direstriksi berdasarkanformularium nasional.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan uji klinik acak tersamar ganda untuk menilaiefektivitas metamizol 15 mg/KgBB IV dan asetaminofen 15 mg/KgBB IV untukanalgesia pascabedah di bawah umbilikus pada pasien pediatrik. Pengambilansampel penelitian dilakukan pada bulan April 2019-Oktober 2019 secara consecutive sampling. Enam puluh empat subjek penelitian memenuhi kriteriainklusi dan bersedia mengikuti penelitian, kemudian dirandomisasi menjadi duakelompok. Subjek menjalani pembedahan dengan pembiusan umum dan injeksibupivakain 0,25% secara kaudal. Sebelum pembedahan berakhir, subjekmendapatkan regimen analgetika asetaminofen 15 mg/KgBB IV atau metamizol 15mg/KgBB IV sesuai kelompok randomisasi. Pemberian regimen analgetika diulangsetiap 8 jam dalam 24 jam pertama pasca-bedah. Dilakukan penilaian skala FLACCsaat istirahat dan bergerak pada saat pasien pulih sadar, jam ke-4, jam ke-6, jam k-12, dan jam ke-24 pascabedah. Dilakukan pula pencatatan kebutuhan fentanil, saatpertama pasien membutuhkan fentanil, dan efek samping yang timbul selama 24jam pertama pascabedah.Hasil: Derajat nyeri (skala FLACC) pada saat istirahat maupun bergerak tidakberbeda bermakna antar kedua kelompok pada saat pasien pulih sadar, jam ke-4, 6,12, dan 24 pascabedah. Tidak terdapat subjek yang membutuhkan fentanil rescueselama 24 jam pertama pacabedah pada kelompok metamizol. Terdapat 4 dari 32subjek yang membutuhkan fentanil rescue pada kelompok asetaminofen dengansaat pertama membutuhkan fentanil rescue berkisar antara 300 hingga 700 menitpascabedah. Angka kejadian mual dan muntah lebih banyak terjadi pada kelompokasetaminofen (mual: 31,3% vs 18,8%; Muntah: 25% vs 12,5%).Simpulan: Metamizol 15 mg/kgBB IV tidak lebih efektif dibandingkan denganasetaminofen 15 mg/kgBB IV untuk analgesia pascabedah di bawah umbilikus padapasien pediatrik.

---

Background: Acute post-operative pain in pediatric patients often poorly handleddue to the popular paradigm that children doesnt feel pain. Inadequate paintreatment can induce stress and biochemical response and cause metabolism,cardiovascular, pulmonary, neuro-endocrine, gastrointestinal, and immunologicaldysfuctions. Nowadays, pediatric pain management for post-operative pain belowumbilical surgery is done in multimodal fashion with combination of regionalanesthesia and systemic analgesia drugs. Acetaminophen is often used foranalgesia on mild-moderate pain. Metamizole also has been used and quiteeffective for post-operative analgesia. However, metamizole is not as popular asacetaminophen for post-operative analgesia in Indonesia. In dr.CiptoMangunkusumo Hospital, acetaminophen for post-operative analgesia is restricteddue to National Drugs Regulation.Methods: We conducted this double-blinded clinical trial to evaluate effectivenessof intravenous metamizole 15 mg/KgBW and intravenous acetaminophen 15mg/KgBW for post-operative analgesia of below umbilical surgery in pediatricpatients. A consecutive sampling was done from April 2019 to October 2019. Sixtyfoursubjects that meet inclusion criteria and had consent randomized into 2 groups. The subjects had surgery with combination of general anesthesia andinjection of caudal block bupivacaine 0.25%. Before surgery concluded, thesubjects received analgesia regiment acetaminophen 15 mg/KgBW or metamizole15 mg/KgBW according to their randomization group. The analgesia regiment wasgiven again every 8 hours for 24 hours post-operative. The FLACC scale at restand during movement were recorded at time of fully recover from anesthesia, 4-h,6-h, 12-h, and 24-h post-operative. Fentanyl rescue requirement, moment of firsttime fentanyl rescue requirement, dan the drugs side effect were also recorded for24 hours post-operative.Result: FLACC scale at rest and during movement between two groups at fullyrecover from anesthesia, 4-h, 6-h, 12-h, and 24-h post-operative was notsignificantly different. No subject needed fentanyl rescue during 24 hours postoperativein metamizole group. There was 4 of 32 subjects needed fentanyl rescuein acetaminophen group with first fentanyl rescue requirement occur between 300to 700 minutes post-operative. The incidence of nausea and vomiting ws higher inacetaminophen group than metamizole group (nausea: 31.3% vs 18.8%; vomiting:25% vs 12.5%)Conclusion: Metamizole 15 mg/KgBW is not more effective compared toacetaminophen 15 mg/KgBW for post-operative analgesia of below umbilicalsurgery in pediatric patients"

"Latar belakang dan tujuan: Anastasia subarahnoid adalah salah satu tindakan anestesia regional yang sexing dilakukan untuk bedah sesar. Bupivakain hiperbarik 0,5% adalah obat anestetik lokal yang lazim dipakai untuk tehnik pembiusan tersebut. Posisi tubuh dan gaya gravitasi memiliki efek dan mempengaruhi penyebaran dari obat yang bersifat hiperbarik. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh posisi tubuh saat penyuntikan obat bupivakain hiperbarik 0,5% terhadap efek hipotensi yang ditimbulkan.Metode : Penelitian dilakukan terhadap 90 wanita hamil berstatus ASA I-II usia 17-50 tahun yang menjalani bedah sesar, dibagi secara arak menjadi 2 kelompok duduk dan lateral dekubitus kiri. Setelah dilakukan penyuntikan obat, setelah 2 menit pasien dikembalikan ke posisi terlentang miring kiri 15 derajat, dan dilakukan co loading kristaloid 10 mllkgBB selama 10 menit Dilakukan pencatatan tekanan darah selama operasi setiap 2 menit selama 20 menit pertama clan selanjutnya tiap 5 menit. Ketinggian hambatan sensorik clan ketinggian maksimal hambatan, jumlah total efedrin dan cairan kristaloid yang diberikan selama operasi juga dicatat. Data hasil penelitian diolah dengan menggunakan uji t, uji Mann Whitneydan uji Chi kuadrat.Hasil : Kekerapan hipotensi antara kelompok posisi duduk dan lateral dekubitus kiri tidak berbeda secara statistik meskipun lebih banyak terjadi pada kelompok lateral dekubitus kiri (67%) dibandingkan posisi duduk (51%). Posisi duduk mengalami hipotensi lebih lambat, derajat hipotensinya lebih rendah dan pemakaian efedrin yang lebih sedikit.Kesimpulan: Posisi tubuh saat penyuntikan that bupivakain hiperbarik 0,5% pada anestesia subarahnoid mempengaruhi derajat hipotensi yang terjadi pada kasus bedah sesar.

---

Backgrounds and objectives . Spinal anesthesia is one of the regional anesthesia technique frequently performed for cesarean section. Hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5% is the most frequent local anesthetic used for this technique. Spread of the hyperbaric local anesthetics is affected by the position of the patient and gravity. In the present study we evaluated the effect of maternal posture whether sitting position during the induction of spinal anesthesia using 05% hyperbaric bupivacaine would induce less hypotension as compared with the left lateral position.

Methods. Ninety pregnant women underwent cesarean delivery were randomly assigned to receive a spinal injection consisting of 12.5 mg 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine in either sitting or left lateral position. After 2 minutes, patients were turned to a 15 degrees left lateral position and intravenous infusion of 10 mllkgbodyweigh t of crystalloids was started for 10 minutes along with the induction of spinal anesthesia. Intraoperative blood pressure were recorded , in this study hypotension is defined as a decrease in systolic blood pressure less than 100 mmHg or 20% below baseline values. The height of sensory block was measured, time to T6 spread of the sensory block and the highest level of sensory blockade were noted. Total given of ephedrine and crystalloids rntraopertive were also noted. Statistical evaluation was performed using t?test, Mann Whitney test and Chi square as appropriate.

Result : The incidence of hypotension was not significantly different between sitting and left lateral position but more often in lateral position (51% vs 67%). Sitting position group has longer interval of the first hypotension (p=0.008),less severe of hypotension (p=0.042), less ephedrine supplementation (p=0.014), and longer interval for reaching the T6 dermatome blockade (p <0,0001).

Conclusion: Maternal posture during induction of spinal anesthesia using 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine has influence to severity of hypotension for cesarean section."

"Latar belakang : Hipotensi merupakan salah satu komplikasi akibat anestesia subarakhnoid pada seksio sesarea yang berpotensi membahayakan ibu dan janin. Kejadian hipotensi pada seksio sesarea dengan dosis bupivakain 8 - 12,5 mg berkisar antara 25 - 60%. Mengkombinasikan anestetika lokal dosis rendah dengan opioid lipofilik dan modifikasi posisi saat injeksi subarakhnoid mungkin dapat lebih menurunkan kejadian hipotensi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui efektivitas posisi Oxford dalam menurunkan kejadian hipotensi dibanding posisi lateral dengan regimen bupivakain 7,5 mg ditambah fentanil 25 mcg. Metode : Setelah lolos kaji etik dan mendapatkan persetujuan klinik 180 pasien yang akan menjalani seksio sesarea elektif dirandomisasi blok ke dalam kelompok posisi Oxford atau posisi lateral. Semua pasien mendapatkan dosis intratekal bupivakain 0,5% hiperbarik 7,5 mg ditambah fentanil 25 mcg. Coloading kristaloid diberikan 10 ml/ kgBB. Efedrin intravena diberikan sesuai standar. Kondisi hemodinamik dan profil blok sensorimotor dicatat. Penggunaan efedrin, efek samping dan nilai APGAR juga didokumentasikan. Hasil : Terdapat perbedaan yang secara statistik tidak bermakna pada kejadian hipotensi diantara kedua kelompok (p=0,121). Total jumlah penggunaan efedrin intravena diantara kedua kelompok berbeda dan dapat diperbandingkan. Profil blok sensorimotor diantara kedua kelompok dapat diperbandingkan. Kesimpulan : Modifikasi posisi Oxford pada anestesia subarakhnoid dengan dosis bupivakain 7,5 mg ditambah fentanil 25 mcg tidak memberikan hasil yang bermakna dalam menurunkan kejadian hipotensi.

---

Background : Hypotension was one of the complications of subarachnoid anesthesia in caesarean section that potentially detrimental to the mother and baby. The insidens of hypotension in caesarean section with bupivacaine 8 - 12,5 mg were between 25 and 60%. Combining low dose of local anesthetics with lipofilic opioid and modification of position during subarachnoid injection might be more in lowering the hypotension insidens. The study was conducted to prove the effectiveness of Oxford position in lowering the hypotension insidens with regimen 7,5 mg bupivacaine added with 25 mcg fentanyl.

Methods : After ethical clearance and receive informed consent 180 elective caesarean section patient were randomized into Oxford group or lateral group. All the patient were receive the same dose of intrathecal 7,5 mg 0,5% hyperbaric bupivacaine added with 25 mcg fentanyl. Coloading of 10 ml/ kgBW with cristaloid was given. Intravenous ephedrine was given according to a standard. Hemodynamic changes and sensorimotor block profile were documented. Epedhrine consumption, side effect and APGAR score were also documented.

Result : There is a difference that statistically not significant in hypotension insidens between two groups (p=0,121). The total intravenous ephedrine consumption between two groups was different and comparable. The profile of sensorimotor block between two groups could be compared.

Conclusion : Modification of Oxford position in subarachnoid anesthesia with 7,5 mg bupivacaine added with 25 mcg fentanyl was not more effective in lowering insidens of hypotension."

"Tujuan : Mengetahui besarnya kegunaan dan keberhasilan pemasangan LMP yang menggunakan pelincir jeli lidokain 2% dibandingkan dengan yang dibasahi salin 0,9% pada anestesi umum inhalasi dengan N20 : 02 = 70% : 30%. Disain : Uji klinik tersamar ganda. Pasien : 56 pasien yang menjalankan operasi berencana dengan anestesi umum inhalasi dan tidak ada indikasi kontra penggunaan LMP di InstaIasi Bedah Pusat RSCM pada bulan Oktober sampai dengan Desember tahun 2005, usia 18-60 tahun, ASA 1/1I, berat badan sesuai ukuran LMP no 3 atau 4. Pasien dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok, masing masing 26 pasien, kelompok 1 dilakukan pemasangan LMP dengan pelincir salin 0,9% dan kelompok II dilakukan pemasangan LMP dengan pelincir ieli lidokain 2%. Apabila LMP terinsersi dilakukan OGT. Selama pemasangan LMP tersebut dilakukan pengamatan dan pengukuran tekanan sungkup LMP setiap 30 menit sarnpai operasi selesai. Analisa statistik dilakukan dengan uji t untuk data numerik, uji x kuadrat untuk data nominal dan koreksi yaitu bila nilai ekspektasi kurang dari 5 dengan tingkat signifikan p<0,05. Hasil : Angka keberhasilan pemasangan LMP dengan menggunakan pelincir lidokain sama dengan menggunakan pelincir salin (92,3 %><84,6 %) p>0,05. Sehingga pada uji statistik perbedaan tersebut tidak signifikan (p>0,05). Komplikasi "sore throat" yang timbal selama pemasangan LMP dengan pelincir lidokain dan salin pada 5 menit pasca ekstubasi di ruang pulih adalah sama yaitu "sore throat" ringan 3,8 % pada pelincir salin dan 7,7 % "sore throat" sedang pada pelincir lidokain, namun dari uji statistik perbedaan ini tidak signifikan (p>0,05). Begitu juga "sore throat" yang terjadi 24 jam pasca bedah pada pemasangan LMP dengan salin terdapat 3,8 % "sore throat" sedang dan pada lidokain 7,7 % "sore throat" ringan secara uji statistik perbedaan ini tidak signifikan (p>0,05).Kesimpulan : Secara uji statistik keberhasilan pemasangan sungkup LMP pada kelompok salin dan lidokain tidak berbeda secara signifikan. Begitu pula dengan kekerapan "sore throat" dan derajat "sore throat" antara kelompok salin dan lidokain tidak berbeda secara signifikan.

---

OBJECTIVE : To compare the successfully of attempt LMP with correlation between lubricant lidocain 2 % or saline 0,9 % and incidence of post operative sore throat after general anesthesia inhalation with N20/02/Enflurance facilitated by LMP with lubricant lidocain 2 % or saline 0,9%.

STUDY DESIGN : Double blind randomized clinical trial. PATIENT : 56 patient, 18 to 60 years old, underwent elective surgery in IBP RSUPN -- CM, ASA I 1 II malampatie score 1, area of surgery not in the head and neck, in supine position with OGT placement. Patients were allocated into two groups. 26 patients in group I with saline lubricant, and 26 patients in group II with lidocaine lubricant. After the operation patients was recorded about successfully attempt of LMP and complaint of sore throat in the recovery room, and 24 hours after anesthesia. Statistics analysis with T-test for continues data, x2 test and Fischer's exact test for categorical data. Spearman correlations test with significant value P <0,05 and confidence interval 95%.

RESULTS : The incidence of successfully attempt LMP with lidocaine equivalent with saline (92,3% >< 84,6%) P >0,05, The incidence of mild sore throat at the recovery room 3,8% with saline and 7,7% moderate sore throat with lidocaine (P >0,05). The incidence of sore throat at 24 hours after surgery were 3,8% moderate sore throat with saline and 7,7% mild sore throat with lidocaine (P > 0,05).

CONCLUSION : The successfully attempt of LMP in the saline group not signifikan compare to lidocain group. Morbidity of sore throat not significant between saline group compare to lidocaine group and intensity of sore throat between saline group not significant compare to lidocaine group."

"[ABSTRAKLatar Belakang. Manajemen jalan nafas merupakan salah satu tahap yang paling penting dalam bidang anestesiologi. Salah satu jenis Alat bantu jalan nafas yang telah dipergunakan secara luas adalah Laringeal Mask Airway (LMA/Sungkup Laring). Pada pemasangan sungkup laring tanpa menggunakan pelumpuh otot membutuhkan kedalaman anestesi yang cukup, Tes klinis yang mudah, akurat dan aplikatif diperlukan untuk menghindari terjadinya komplikasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan trapezius squeezing test dan jaw thrust sebagai indikator kedalaman anestesi pada pemasangan sungkup laring dengan propofol sebagai agen induksiMetode. Sebanyak 128 pasien di randomisasi ke dalam 2 kelompok yaitu jaw thrust dan trapezius squeezing test. Seluruh pasien mendapatkan premedikasi dengan midazolam 0.05 mg/kgBB dan Fentanyl 1 mcg/kgBB. Induksi menggunakan propofol titrasi. Manuver jaw thrust dan trapezius squeezing test dilakukan setiap 15 detik. Saat respon motorik hilang dilakukan pemasangan sungkup laring. Dicatat keberhasilan pemasangan, dosis propofol, tekanan darah, laju jantung, dan insiden apneu.Hasil. Keberhasilan pada kelompok jaw thrust 93.8%, sedangkan trapezius squeezing test yang 90.6%. Penggunaan rerata propofol pada kelompok jaw thrust yaitu sebesar 120.34 mg, sedangkan pada kelompok trapezius squeezing test yaitu sebesar 111,86 mg. Insiden apneu yang pada kelompok jaw thrust terjadi pada 10 (15.6%) pasien, sedangkan pada kelompok trapezius squeezing test sebesar 11 (17.2%) pasien. Tidak terdapat perubahan hemodinamik yang berarti pada kelompok jaw thrust sedangkan sedangkan pada kelompok trapezius squeezing test terdapat perubahan hemodinamik yang berarti di menit ke 3 dan ke 4Kesimpulan. Trapezius squeezing test tidak lebih baik daripada jaw thrust sebagai indikator klinis dalam menilai kedalaman anestesia pada insersi sungkup laring.

---

ABSTRACTBackground. Airway management is one of the most important phase in anesthesiology. One of airway device that have been used generally is Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA). Laryngeal mask insertion without muscle relaxant requires a level of depth anesthesia. An easy, accurate, an applicable clinical indicator were required to avoid complication. This study was determine the comparison trapezius squeezing test and jaw thrust as indicator of depth of anesthesia in laryngeal mask insertion with propofol as induction agent.Methods. 128 patient have been randomize in to 2 group that are jaw thrust and trapezius squeezing test. All patients were received premedication with midazolam 0.05 mg/kg and fentanyl 1 μg/kg. Induction were done by propofol titration. Jaw thrust and trapezius squeezing test maneuver were done in every 15 second. When motoric respond negative the laryngeal mask were inserted. The successful of laryngeal mask insertion was recorded, propofol consumption, blood pressure, heart rate, and incidence of apnea were also documented.Result. Laryngeal mask successfully inserted in 93.8% patients in jaw thrust group, and 90.6% in trapezius squeezing test group. Mean of propofol consumption in jaw thrust group is 120.34 mgs, and in trapezius squeezing test is 11.86 mgs. Incident of apnea in jaw thrust group happened in 10 patients (15.6%), and in trapezius squeezing test group happened in 11 patient (17.2%). Hemodynamic in jaw thrust group relatively stable but in trapezius squeezing test there is significant hemodynamic changing in minute third and fourth.Conclusion. Trapezius squeezing test is not better than jaw thrust as clinical indicators of depth of anesthesia for laryngeal mask insertion.;Background. Airway management is one of the most important phase in anesthesiology. One of airway device that have been used generally is Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA). Laryngeal mask insertion without muscle relaxant requires a level of depth anesthesia. An easy, accurate, an applicable clinical indicator were required to avoid complication. This study was determine the comparison trapezius squeezing test and jaw thrust as indicator of depth of anesthesia in laryngeal mask insertion with propofol as induction agent.Methods. 128 patient have been randomize in to 2 group that are jaw thrust and trapezius squeezing test. All patients were received premedication with midazolam 0.05 mg/kg and fentanyl 1 μg/kg. Induction were done by propofol titration. Jaw thrust and trapezius squeezing test maneuver were done in every 15 second. When motoric respond negative the laryngeal mask were inserted. The successful of laryngeal mask insertion was recorded, propofol consumption, blood pressure, heart rate, and incidence of apnea were also documented.Result. Laryngeal mask successfully inserted in 93.8% patients in jaw thrust group, and 90.6% in trapezius squeezing test group. Mean of propofol consumption in jaw thrust group is 120.34 mgs, and in trapezius squeezing test is 11.86 mgs. Incident of apnea in jaw thrust group happened in 10 patients (15.6%), and in trapezius squeezing test group happened in 11 patient (17.2%). Hemodynamic in jaw thrust group relatively stable but in trapezius squeezing test there is significant hemodynamic changing in minute third and fourth.Conclusion. Trapezius squeezing test is not better than jaw thrust as clinical indicators of depth of anesthesia for laryngeal mask insertion., Background. Airway management is one of the most important phase in anesthesiology. One of airway device that have been used generally is Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA). Laryngeal mask insertion without muscle relaxant requires a level of depth anesthesia. An easy, accurate, an applicable clinical indicator were required to avoid complication. This study was determine the comparison trapezius squeezing test and jaw thrust as indicator of depth of anesthesia in laryngeal mask insertion with propofol as induction agent.Methods. 128 patient have been randomize in to 2 group that are jaw thrust and trapezius squeezing test. All patients were received premedication with midazolam 0.05 mg/kg and fentanyl 1 μg/kg. Induction were done by propofol titration. Jaw thrust and trapezius squeezing test maneuver were done in every 15 second. When motoric respond negative the laryngeal mask were inserted. The successful of laryngeal mask insertion was recorded, propofol consumption, blood pressure, heart rate, and incidence of apnea were also documented.Result. Laryngeal mask successfully inserted in 93.8% patients in jaw thrust group, and 90.6% in trapezius squeezing test group. Mean of propofol consumption in jaw thrust group is 120.34 mgs, and in trapezius squeezing test is 11.86 mgs. Incident of apnea in jaw thrust group happened in 10 patients (15.6%), and in trapezius squeezing test group happened in 11 patient (17.2%). Hemodynamic in jaw thrust group relatively stable but in trapezius squeezing test there is significant hemodynamic changing in minute third and fourth.Conclusion. Trapezius squeezing test is not better than jaw thrust as clinical indicators of depth of anesthesia for laryngeal mask insertion.]"