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"Tujuan: Mendapatkan alat ukur kepuasan pasien terhadap gigi tiruan lengkap yaitu Patient's Denture Assessment PDA versi Indonesia yang valid dan reliabel serta menganalisis hubungan antara kepuasan pasien terhadap gigi tiruan lengkap dengan kemampuan mastikasi, usia, jenis kelamin, tingkat pendidikan, pengalaman serta lama pemakaian gigi tiruan lengkap. Metode: 101 subjek 50 laki-laki dan 51 perempuan berusia 45 tahun keatas, berpartisipasi dalam uji validasi dan reliabilitas kuesioner PDA bahasa Indonesia. Uji statistik Chi-Square dan regresi logistik digunakan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara kepuasan pasien terhadap gigi tiruan lengkap dengan kemampuan mastikasi, usia, jenis kelamin, tingkat pendidikan, pengalaman serta lama pemakaian gigi tiruan lengkap. Hasil: Hasil uji validasi dan reliabilitas kuesioner PDA menunjukkan, Cronbach's Alpha pada skor keseluruhan kuesioner PDA 0,708, uji validitas konvergen menunjukkan korelasi antara kepuasan pasien dan kemampuan mastikasi dengan uji spearman p=0,001 r=0,633. Hubungan bermakna secara statistik ditemukan antara kepuasan pasien terhadap gigi tiruan lengkap dengan kemampuan mastikasi p=0,000. Kesimpulan: Kuesioner PDA-ID dapat digunakan untuk mengetahui kepuasan pasien terhadap perawatan gigi tiruan lengkap. Kemampuan mastikasi dan lama pemakaian gigi tiruan.

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Objectives: The purpose of this study is to develop a valid and reliable Patient's Denture Assessment PDA Questionnaire in Indonesian version and to analyze the relationship between patient's satisfaction to their complete denture with masticatory performances, age, sex, education level, denture experience and the duration of their recent complete denture.

Methods: Total of 101 subjects 50 men, 51 women aged 45 years and older was participated in this study. Univariate, bivariate and multivariate test are done in this study, to do validity and reliability tests and also to analyze relationship between patient's satisfaction towards their complete denture with masticatory performances, age, sex, education level, denture experiences and the duration of current complete denture.

Results: Validation and reliability test shows Cronbach's Alpha in summary score PDA 0,708, convergent validity shows correlation between the masticatory performances with patient's satisfaction p 0,001 r 0,633. Statistically, a significant correlation P."

"[ABSTRAKDalam suatu perikatan yang dibuat oleh para pihak, pada umumnya pihak yang memiliki haktagih/ piutang kepada pihak lainnya meminta untuk diberikan jaminan pemenuhan haknyakepada pihak yang berutang. Pada praktek yang terjadi, terdapat suatu bentuk pemberianjaminan yang dinamakan Letter of Undertaking/ surat sanggup, di mana Letter ofUndertaking ini merupakan salah satu bentuk surat pernyataan yang diberikan oleh pihakketiga yang menyatakan kesanggupannya untuk mengambil alih tanggung jawab untukmemenuhi kewajiban dari pihak yang berutang sekaligus risiko yang mungkin timbul akibatdilaksanakannya kewajiban tersebut oleh pihak penerbit Letter of Undertaking. Letter ofUndertaking ini berbeda dengan perjanjian penanggungan. Keberadaan Letter of Undertakingsebagai bentuk dari surat pernyataan tidak diatur secara khusus, sehingga sejauh manakekuatan hukum mengikatnya terhadap pihak penerbit Letter of Undertaking dan bagaimanapemberian perlindungan atas pelaksanaan pemenuhan haknya bagi pihak yang menerimaLetter of Undertaking tersebut masih menjadi pertanyaan. Hal inilah yang diangkat sebagaipokok permasalahan oleh penulis. Oleh karena tidak ada pengaturan terhadap Letter ofUndertaking, maka metode penelitian yang digunakan oleh penulis adalah denganmenggunakan pendekatan konseptual (conceptual approach), di mana pendekatan konseptualdilakukan manakala penulis tidak beranjak dari aturan hukum yang ada. Hal ini dilakukankarena memang belum atau tidak ada aturan hukum untuk masalah yang dihadapi. Denganmenggunakan pendekatan konseptual, maka penulis bermaksud untuk menemukankedudukan hukum dari Letter of Undertaking dalam hukum positif yang berlaku di Indonesia,khususnya yang berlaku dalam hukum perikatan.

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ABSTRACTIn an agreement, practically, those who have the right to claim to other parties ask for aguarantee for the fulfillment of its rights to those who have the obligation to such party. In thepractice that occurs, there is a form of a guarantee is called Letter of Undertaking, in whichthe Letter of Undertaking is one form of an affidavit given by a third party who state hisreadiness to take over the responsibility for fulfilling the obligations of party that owe andany risks might be occurs because of obligations fulfillment of such third party. Letter ofUndertaking is different from the underwriting agreement. The existence of a Letter ofUndertaking is not specifically regulated, so the extent to which legal force to the issuer ofLetter of Undertaking and how to provide protection for the implementation of rights to theparty receiving the Letter of Undertaking is the subject matters by the authors. Because thereis no regulation of the Letter of Undertaking, the research methods used by the author isconceptual approach, in which the conceptual approach is used when the author did not beginfrom the existing law. Such approach is used because it is not yet or there is no rule of law tothe matters encountered. By using the conceptual approach, the author intends to find thelegal standing of the Letter of Undertaking in the positive law in Indonesia, especially as itapplies in the law of contract., In an agreement, practically, those who have the right to claim to other parties ask for aguarantee for the fulfillment of its rights to those who have the obligation to such party. In thepractice that occurs, there is a form of a guarantee is called Letter of Undertaking, in whichthe Letter of Undertaking is one form of an affidavit given by a third party who state hisreadiness to take over the responsibility for fulfilling the obligations of party that owe andany risks might be occurs because of obligations fulfillment of such third party. Letter ofUndertaking is different from the underwriting agreement. The existence of a Letter ofUndertaking is not specifically regulated, so the extent to which legal force to the issuer ofLetter of Undertaking and how to provide protection for the implementation of rights to theparty receiving the Letter of Undertaking is the subject matters by the authors. Because thereis no regulation of the Letter of Undertaking, the research methods used by the author isconceptual approach, in which the conceptual approach is used when the author did not beginfrom the existing law. Such approach is used because it is not yet or there is no rule of law tothe matters encountered. By using the conceptual approach, the author intends to find thelegal standing of the Letter of Undertaking in the positive law in Indonesia, especially as itapplies in the law of contract.]"

"Letter of Credit (L/C) merupakan salah satu metode pembayaran yang paling sering digunakan dalam dunia perdagangan internasional. Namun, pada praktiknya masih muncul berbagai permasalahan, salah satunya adalah terjadinya penolakan penerimaan dokumen yang diunjukkan oleh beneficiary karena perbedaan penerapan standar pemeriksaan dokumen. Skripsi ini membahas mengenai alasan perbankan tetap menerapkan standar pemeriksaan dokumen berdasarkan prinsip strict compliance meskipun UCP 600 mengatur mengenai prinsip substantial compliance dan akibat hukum dari perbedaan penafsiran tentang "international standard banking practice" sebagaimana diatur dalam UCP 600. Hasil penelitian yang menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif ini menunjukkan bahwa bank tetap menerapkan standar pemeriksaan dokumen berdasarkan prinsip strict compliance meskipun UCP 600 mengatur mengenai prinsip substantial compliance setidaknya disebabkan oleh dua (2) alasan yaitu pertama, adanya praktik perbankan di Amerika Serikat yang menerapkan Article 5 Uniform Commercial Code yang memuat pengaturan prinsip strict compliance, yang mewajibkan issuing bank selaku special agent dari applicant menjalankan tugas berdasarkan duty of good faith. Kedua, dalam hal terjadi sengketa (disputes) transaksi L/C, pengadilan internasional cenderung menerapkan prinsip strict compliance dibandingkan menerapkan prinsip substantial compliance dalam menyelesaikan sengketa L/C tersebut. Prinsip strict compliance sebagai standar pemeriksaan dokumen Surat Kredit Berdokumen Dalam Negeri juga diterapkan di dalam praktik perbankan di Indonesia berdasarkan Peraturan Bank Indonesia Nomor 5/6/PBI/2003 tentang Surat Kredit Berdokumen Dalam Negeri. Adapun perbedaan penafsiran mengenai international standard banking pratice karena UCP 600 tidak memberikan penjelasan maksud dari international standard banking practice sehingga menimbulkan dua (2) pendapat di kalangan perbankan, yaitu pendapat pertama yang menyatakan bahwa international standard banking practice di UCP 600 mengacu kepada International Standard Banking Practice (ISBP) yang merupakan pedoman aplikasi dari ketentuan-ketentuan sebagaimana tercantum dalam UCP 600 yang dibentuk oleh International Chamber of Commerce (ICC), sedangkan pendapat kedua menyatakan bahwa international standard banking practice yang dimaksud hanya mengacu kepada praktik yang biasanya dilakukan oleh bank-bank secara umum. Perbedaan pendapat tersebut menyebabkan ketidakpastian hukum bagi pengguna L/C dalam transaksi L/C.

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Letter of Credit (L/C) is one of the most widely used method of payment in international trade. But even with such widespread use, in practice, L/C transaction is still riddled with issues, notably the rejection of document submitted by the beneficiary due to differences in interpreting L/C regulations. This thesis is to explain why banks still prefer to use the strict compliance principle over the substantial compliance principle referred within UCP 600, and the legal consequences that arise due to the vagueness of the term "international standard banking practice" in L/C transaction as mentioned in UCP 600.

This research which was put together using the juridical normative research method revealed that banks still prefer to use the strict compliance principle over the UCP 600-referenced substantial compliance because of two reasons. First, the existence of the banking's practice in the United States which refers to Article 5 Uniform Commercial Code that contains the settings for the principle of strict compliance, which is issuing banks acts as a special agent of the applicant therefore they must act based on duty of good faith. Second, in the case of an L/C dispute, international courts tend to apply the strict compliance principle for dispute resolution. The reason international courts use the strict compliance principle is because they refer to banking practices that have been generally praticed and accepted.

This is also true in Indonesia where strict compliance is the principle of choice in examining SKBDN documents. This preference is caused by the lack of clear definition of the term "international standard banking practice" in UCP 600 which spawned 2 (two) different interpretations within the banking community. The first interpretation assumes that the term "international standard banking practice" refers to ICC's (International Chamber of Commerce) ISBP document which acts as an implementation guideline for UCP600. While a second interpretation assumes that the term refers to banking practices that have been generally practiced and accepted. It is due to those differences in interpretations that gave to such ambiguity in L/C transactions."