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"Setiap pemerintah saat ini sedang menghadapi krisis yang semakin besar namun tidak berisik. Pemerintah pusat seperti yang terjadi sekarang, semakin menjadi tidak relevan...."

"ABSTRAKSalah satu urusan pemerintahan dalam rangka mewujudkan negara kesejahteraan dan pemenuhan hak atas kesehatan adalah menyelenggarakan pelayanan publik di bidang kesehatan. Urusan pemerintahan bidang kesehatan ini dibagi antara Pemerintah Pusat dan Daerah yang membentuk hubungan antara Pemerintah Pusat dan Daerah. Pada dasarnya, hubungan Pemerintah Pusat dan Daerah berada dalam suatu dinamika antara sentralisasi dan desentralisasi. Sejak berlakunya Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional yang diselenggarakan oleh BPJS Kesehatan pada tahun 2014, terjadi perubahan dalam hubungan Pemerintahan Pusat dan Daerah. Menggunakan studi kepustakaan, penulis menjelaskan mengenai hubungan kewenangan dan keuangan Pemerintah Pusat dan Daerah serta kewenangan Daerah dalam penyelenggaraan JKN.Kesimpulan: Penyelenggaraan JKN oleh BPJS Kesehatan menjadikan hubungan kewenangan dan keuangan Pemerintah Pusat dan Daerah menjadi sangat sentralistik dengan terbatasnya kewenangan yang dimiliki Daerah. Dalam penyelenggaraan JKN, Daerah hanya berwenang dalam menyelenggarakan urusan pemerintahan yang diberikan kepadanya dan tidak turut dalam pembiayaan kesehatan oleh JKN.

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ABSTRACTOne of the government functions in order to realize the welfare state and to fulfill the right to health care is by administering health care public service. In Indonesia, the assignment of government function in health care is divided between a central and local government which then manifest in central and local government relation. Basically, the relation of central and local governments is in the dynamic state between centralization and decentralization. Since National Health Security which managed by Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Kesehatan (BPJS-Kesehatan) is started in 2014, there are significant changes in the relation between central and local government, especially in health care assignment. Using the literature study, the researcher explained the assignment function and fiscal relation between central and local government, and the authority of local government in the National Health Security administration.Conclusion: Administration of National Health Security by BPJS Kesehatan has implication to the assignment function and fiscal relation between the central and local government that become highly centralized. The authority of local government is limited to the specified function and has no rule in health financing by National Health Security."

"Economic crisis which happened several years ago has caused many impacts to Indonesia. One of these impacts is a huge amount of government debt. Particularly, the government debt whether from domestic or foreign is one of the instruments to finance government expenditure which can not be fulfilled entirely by revenues from taxes. However, using the government debt to fund the government expenditure has consequences for the government to pay-back not only for the interest rate but also for the principal of debt which have maturity-date in the future.

The purpose of this study is to analyze how far the development of the government debt dynamic from both domestic and _foreign is correlated to _fiscal sustainability. This study uses a case of Indonesia in period 1980-2005 which is divided into three periods: before crisis (1980-1997), crisis (1998-2000), and after crisis (2001-2005). In this study, we use Branson (1992) to analyze the government debt dynamic. In addition, we also use different approaches to have several comparisons in our analysis by Hamilton and Flavia ( 1936), Wilcox (1989), and Trehan and Walsh (1991). Besides that, we also conduct projection of the ratio of government revenue to GDP which is needed to support in decreasing of the ratio of government debt to GDP in tire middle-term until 2010.

In summary, this study shows that after the crisis, the dynamic movement of the government debt is decreasing continuously. Furthermore, the government debt and the primary deficit still stand on the sustainable path, or the right track. Equally important, in the middle-term, the ratio of government revenue to GDP is still needed to maintain in decreasing of the government debt front year to year. Generally, this study shows that fiscal condition in indonesia after the crisis reflects sustainable and suitable to the assumption of Non-Ponzi Game."

"This study is motivated by two purposes, first of all it is to observe various analysis of accountability intended to public sector of government and business, while expert's analysis of civil society including non government organization (NGO) is rare. Secondly , to observe the increasing demand of accountability to civil society, in particularly NGO. This study is intended to discuss how the local NGO accountability , YLPMD of Lampung in the perspectives of governance, based on reviewing literature and documentation. This study viewed YLPMD from perspectives of administrative accountability and political accountability."

"ABSTRAKStudi ini mencoba mengelaborasi model kelembagaan think tank pemerintah yang sesuai dengan Indonesia. Pendekatan studi ini kualitatif dengan melakukan studi best practices di Korea Selatan dan India yang mempunyai lembaga think tank yang berasal dari institusi perencanaan, yaitu KDI dan NITI Aayog. Adaptasi model KDI dan NITI Aayog diperlukan untuk merevitalisasi fungsi think tank yang sudah ada pada Bappenas. Kelembagaan think tank ini akan menjadi jembatan antara penelitian dan kebijakan (bridging research to policy) dan jembatan ilmu pengetahuan kepada kekuasaan (bridging knowledge to power). Kompleksitas permasalahan pembangunan menjadi tantangan pemerintah untuk dikelola dan diatasi berdasarkan ilmu pengetahuan yang bersumber dari penelitian akademis. Lembaga think tank harus dapat merumuskan bagaimana ilmu pengetahuan tersebut ditransformasikan menjadi riset kebijakan sehingga dihasilkan solusi kebijakan yang teruji."

"This final assignment is observing about government system and institutions relationship in Indonesia, since Soeharto?s era until Reformation era. Its research is focused on presidentialism practice in Indonesia, study case of SBY-JK government (October 2004 ? March 2008). This objective study is based on the theories of presidentialism, democracy, political party, and presidential leadership especially in the third world with qualitative literature approach.Executive and legislative institution in Indonesia, had a dynamic relationship since Soeharto?s era. That situation made a problem in presidentialism practice. Within Soeharto?s power, new order era succeed to make executive heavy on the system. It means, Soeharto controlled the government system and became a centralistic of authority. On the other hand, legislative was powerless. This executive heavy caused dissatisfaction on the accountability, transparency, and mandate for the people. President is voted by legislative but in practical, executive was so powerful. Many people had realized then, if there were a disappointment on the government and political practice for 32 years of Soeharto?s era. After that, General economic distress was happened on 1997 in Indonesia within global monetary crisis. In addition, the government was controlled by corruption, collusion, and nepotism politician. As a result, people pushed the reform in 1998.Reformation 1998, has made a renewal in institutional relationship between executive, legislative, and judicative, especially President - House of Representative. With amendment UUD 1945, liberalization of political parties was occurred, House of Representative?s authority has been empowered, and all of the problems were started to be fixed. In the next four generation of President (B.J. Habibie, Gus Dur, Megawati, SBY), Indonesia had implemented those reform, but still adjusted. Until the election in 2004 and almost 10 years, reformation still has had a problem in presidentialism practice.The election in 2004 (within separated election and multiparty) was the new era for President who would be more powerful because of the direct election, but on the contrary, the combination between presidentialism and multiparty was a complicated combination. President faced with coalition party, minority president, and cohabitation in executive leadership. The fact, SBY-JK controls the government with weak management/policy and leadership of SBY-JK inside. So that, many problems which are faced by the government cannot be solved effectively/efficiently, at least during this research is being done."