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"Much has been discussed on the issue of the implications of the free trade agreements (FTA) and public health, espicially on the relationship of intellectual property and public health and the public health provisions under the Doha Declaration, which specifically relates to the access to medicine...."

"Kegiatan penambangan emas skala kecil yang tidak dikelola dengan baik dapat berpotensi meningkatkan mineral logam berat termasuk mineral mangan dan keberadaannya dapat menyebar kewilayah sekitar pertambangan serta berpotensi menimbulkan risiko dan gangguan kesehatan masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk Mengestimasi tingkat risiko kesehatan pajanan mangan (Mn) dari air minum dan makanan terpilih pada populasi penduduk dan bukti-bukti gangguan kesehatannya di Kampung Curug Bitung, Kecamatan Nanggung. Penelitian ini merupakan studi Deskriptif Analitik dengan metode Analisis Risiko Kesehatan Masyarakat. Pengumpulan data dilakukan secara observasi, wawancara dan test konsentrasi mangan pada air minum dan makanan. Tingkat Risiko pajanan mangan dari air minum dan makanan di desa curug bitung tidak berisiko (RQ<1) ini berarti pajanan mangan wilayah Ring-1 area pertambangan emas tradisional Gunung Pongkor belum menyebar ke sekitar atau keluar Ring-1(Curug Bitung). Bagi penduduk yang memiliki aktivitas pengoperasian gelundung dihimbau untuk tidak membuang sisa tanah hasil olahannya didekat rumah, aliran air maupun di dekat lahan pertanian, karena dimungkinkan tanah buangan tersebut masih mengandung cemaran beberapa mineral lainnya yang berbahaya. Tanah sisa olahan bisa dikumpulkan di suatu area yang jauh dari sumber air dan lahan pertanian. Area tersebut bisa ditanami dengan tanaman lokal yang mampu menyerap kandungan logam dalam tanah seperti tanaman genjer.

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Small scale gold mining activity that improperly managed can potentially increase the heavy metal minerals including manganese and its existence can spread to the area around the mining site and potentially pose a problem and public health risk. The study aimed to estimate the level of health risk due to the manganese (Mn) exposure from particular food and drinking and its evidences of health problems on the population in Curug Bitung village, Nanggung district. This was an analytical descriptive study and the method used analysis of Public Health Risk. The data were collected by observation, interview and manganese concentration test on drinking water and food. The risk level of manganese exposure from the drinking water and food in curug bitung village was found not to be a risk (RQ<1) which means that the manganese exposure in Ring-1 area of the traditional gold mining in Mount Pongkor has not spread yet in around the area or outside Ring-1(Curug Bitung). It is recommended for people who have a rod mill operating activity to avoid removing the residual soil from the process near their houses, water flow, and agricultural land because it is possible for the residual soil to still be containing some dangerous minerals contaminants. The residual soil can be gathered in the area that is far from the water resources and agricultural land. The area can be planted with local plants that are capable in absorbing the metal contents from the soil such as Genjer."

"This is a public health text aimed at bridging the gap between current public health values and skills and those required to tackle future challenges"

"Latar belakang: Puskesmas adalah salah satu bentuk fasilitas pelayanan primer yang memberikan pelayanan kesehatan kepada masyarakat dan perseorangan. Penguatan pelayanan kesehatan primer menjadi fokus utama yang dikembangkan di dunia oleh WHO, dimana negara-negara berkembang didorong untuk melakukan reformasi dalam rangka penguatan pelayanan kesehatan primer. Sesuai dengan Peraturan yang ada puskesmas menjalankan fungsinya dengan lebih mengutamakan upaya promotif dan preventif, untuk mencapai derajat kesehatan yang setinggi-tingginya. Dalam rangka peningkatan mutu pelayanan, puskesmas wajib di akreditasi secara berkala paling sedikit 3 (tiga) tahun sekali. Tujuan akreditasi adalah untuk meningkatkan kinerja dalam memberikan pelayanan kesehatan perorangan dan masyarakat. Tujuan : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kesiapan puskesmas untuk penilaian akreditasi dengan tujuan khusus adalah mengetahui kesiapan puskesmas dari segi administrasi manajemen, kualitas pelayanan UKM dan UKP, kesiapan dari segi ketersediaan SDM kesehatan dan diketahuinya kesiapan puskesmas dari segi pembiayaan kesehatan. Metode : Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Hasil : Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kesiapan administrasi manajemen, ketersediaan sarana dan prasarana dan SDM kesehatan serta pembiayaan cukup siap untuk mendukung penilaian puskesmas agar mendapat kategori terakreditasi. Kesimpulan : Puskesmas yang diusulkan untuk penilaian akreditasi telah siap untuk dilakukan survei oleh tim survior. Saran : Puskesmas masih harus terus mempertahankan dan meningkatkan kesiapan dengan melakukan penyegaran dan penguatan komitmen serta melakukan kaji banding ke puskesmas yng talah terkareditasi.

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Background: Puskesmas is one form of primary care facilities that provide health services to communities and individuals. Strengthening primary health care becomes the main focus being developed in the world by the WHO, where developing countries are encouraged to implement reforms in order to strengthen primary health care. In accordance with Rule existing health centers to function more priority promotive and preventive efforts, goals to health level as high. In order to improve the quality of services, community health centers regularly accreditation mandatory in at least 3 (three) years. The purpose of accreditation is to improve performance in providing individual and community health services.

Objective: This study aimed determine the readiness of health centers for accreditation with the specific aim was to determine the readiness of puskesmas terms of administrative management, quality of service UKM and UKP, readiness in terms of availability of health human resources and health centers in terms of knowing the readiness of health financing.

Method: This study used a qualitative method with case study approach.

Results: The results showed that the administration's readiness management, availability of infrastructure and health human resources and finance are quite prepared to support the assessment of health centers in order to get accredited category.

Conclusion: The proposed health center for the accreditation assessment has been prepared for a survey conducted by a team survior.

Suggestion: Puskesmas must continue to maintain and enhance the readiness to conduct refresher and strengthening the commitment and conduct a review of an appeal to the clinic accredited."

"Public health: the population health approach -- Evidence-based public health -- Public health data and communications -- Social and behavioral sciences and public health -- Health law, policy, and ethics -- Non-communicable diseases -- Communicable diseases -- Environmental health and safety -- Health professionals and the health workforce -- Healthcare institutions -- Health insurance and healthcare systems -- Public health institutions and systems -- Food and drugs as public he"

"A reflective and challenging book which analyses all the current key themes in public health"