"Respiration illness has some different symptoms basically is caused of
irritation, failure of transparent muccociliari, more rekresi lender and respiration
stricture. Children under tive years old at Primary Heath Care of Pangkalan Kerinci
in Pelalawan District risk of respiration problem and based on result of annual report
at Primary Health Care, respiration trouble illness is the tirst of ten illnesses at this
area. lt is because of most public spend 90 % their time in room (house). Therefore
research is pointed by the way of looking for relationship between PMN rate at
house, house physical environment factor and children under tive years old
characteristic which related to respiration problem occurrence becoming a reason.
WHO estimated that there were 400-500 millions people who faced air pollution
problem of variation room including headache, head cold, drought red lane, drought
coughs, eye irritation, skin irritation, influenza, breathless and tuberculosis.
This research purpose to know prevalence between respiration problem illness
among children under tive years old, relationship of PMN rate at house, house
physical environment factor (10 variables) and children under tive years old
characteristic (5 variables) with respiration problem illness occurrence among
children under tive years old, and looking for factor which is most dominance effect
of respiration problem illness among children under tive years old at Primary Health
Care of Pangkalan Kerinci, Pelalawan District in Riau Province, time period of Measurement appliance which is used to measure PM", rate at house consists of
Haz Dust Sampler, EPAM S000 model, temperature by thennometer, dampness by
hygrometer, illumination by luxmeter, and appliance which is used to get primary
data of children under tive years old characteristic by questionnaire and checklist.
'l`his research used a cross sectional design which participating population of
615 Head of Family (KK) by sample number of 261 children under five years old,
where data was collected at the same time of PMN, rate, house physic environment
and children under five years old characteristic and there were not respiration
problem illness occurrence among children under five years old.
Based on research result which has been done it was indicated that: l).
Prevalence of children under tive years old who faced of respiration problem illness
was 78,2 % _ 2). Children under five years old house with PMN rate which did not
fulfill requirement was 55,6 %, 3). There is no meaning ditference of PM", rate at
house (p value = 0,393) with respiration problem among children under tive years
old. 4). Habit of children under tive years old out of house has a meaning difference
of respiration problem illness occurrence among children under tive years old by p-
value = 0,007 and OR = 2,59 (95 % CI: 1,333-5,083). Children under ive years old
who are out of house have risk of respiration problem illness 2,59 times compared
with children under tive years old are out of house for long time. 5). Factor which is
most dominance influencing respiration problem iilness occurrence among children
under five years old are usage of fuel for cooking and children under tive years old
who are out of house. Children under tive years old who are out of house have risk of
respiration problem illness 2,59 times compared with children under five years old
who are at house for long time, and also usage of fuel for cooking which became
smoke has risk 2,32 times of reqriration problem illness compared with usage of Riel
for cooking which did not become smoke (gas and electricity). 6). Probability of
respiration problem illness occurrence among children under tive years old where
they used fuel which will become smoke at their house and children under five years
oId who have habit out of house 83,5 %. 7). Children under five years old who used
fuel for cooking which became smoke (wood, charcoal and kerosene) and many
activities of children under tive years old out of house have probabiiity of respiration
problem illness occurrence 1,5 times bigger than children under five years old which used fuel for cooking which did not become smoke (gas and electrics) and many
activities of children under five years old out of house."
Depok: Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Indonesia, 2008
