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"Penelitian ini membahas tentang usulan penghapusan dan penurunan tarif Pajak Penjualan Atas Barang Mewah (PPnBM) produk elektronik konsumsi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis dasar pemikiran adanya usulan penghapusan dan penurunan tarif PPnBM atas produk elektronik konsumsi. Di samping itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis penghapusan dan penurunan tarif PPnBM atas produk elektronik konsumsi ini ditinjau dari fungsi budgetair dan regulerend pajak. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain deskriptif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam dan literatur yang berasal dari artikel, buku, peraturan dan sumber lain.Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan dasar pemikiran usulan penghapusan dan penurunan tarif PPnBM atas produk elektronik konsumsi ini adalah penyesuaian produk elektronik konsumsi sebagai barang mewah dengan karakteristik antara lain adalah harganya yang mahal, memiliki Elastisitas Permintaan yang elastis dan memiliki Elastisitas Permintaan terhadap Pendapatan lebih dari 1. Kemudian, ditinjau dari fungsi budgetair pajak, dapat menimbulkan potential loss PPnBM. Namun, dalam jangka panjang potential loss PPnBM tersebut dapat tertutupi melalui adanya peningkatan PPN dan PPh Badan. Sedangkan ditinjau dari fungsi regulerend pajak, bertujuan untuk memberikan insentif pajak bagi industri elektronika nasional agar mampu merangsang investasi. Berkaitan dengan fungsi regulerend PPnBM, tidak sejalan dengan maksud dan tujuan pengenaan PPnBM bila pemerintah tidak selektif dalam mengkategorikan produk elektronik konsumsi sebagai barang mewah karena hanya semata-mata bertujuan untuk melindungi produk elektronik konsumsi buatan lokal.

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This research study the suggestion about luxury tax rate elimination and reduction on consumer electronic product. The purpose of this study was to know and analyze basis of thinking about luxury tax rate elimination and reduction on consumer electronic product. It also analyzed about luxury tax rate elimination and reduction on consumer electronic product based on budgetair and regulerend tax function. This research used qualitative approach with descriptive analysis. The data were collected by means of deep interview and also literatures from articles, books, rules, and other sources.The results of this research conclude that the basis of thinking about possibility of luxury tax rate elimination and reduction on consumer electronic product is adjustment of consumer electronic product as luxurious good with its characteristics, such as: high price, elastic demand and have income elasticity of demand exceed from one. Beside that based on budgetair tax function, the luxury tax rate elimination and reduction on consumer electronic product will cause potential loss on this tax but in long-term it will be covered by revenue from other tax such as the increase of VAT and Corporate Income Tax. Based on regulerend tax function, its purpose is to give tax incentive for national industries in order to stimulate investment. Yet, it will not be in accordance with the intention of luxury tax if government do not categorize selectively consumer electronic product as luxurious good because it is only purposed merely to protect local consumer electronic product."

"Penelitian ini membahas tentang kebijakan penurunan tarif Pajak Penjualan Atas Barang Mewah (PPnBM) atas mobil ramah lingkungan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan dasar pemikiran adanya alternatif kebijakan penurunan tarif PPnBM atas mobil ramah lingkungan. Di samping itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis implikasi alternatif kebijakan penurunan tarif PPnBM atas mobil ramah lingkungan di Indonesia serta untuk mengetahui perlakuan kebijakan perpajakan atas mobil ramah lingkungan di negara lain yaitu Thailand. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain deskriptif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam dan literatur yang berasal dari artikel, buku, peraturan dan sumber lain.Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan dasar pemikiran alternatif kebijakan penurunan tarif PPnBM atas mobil ramah lingkungan ini adalah untuk pengembangan mobil ramah lingkungan di Indonesia. Kebijakan penurunan tarif PPnBM pada mobil ramah lingkungan dalam program Low Cost Green Car memberikan implikasi positif dan negatif. Kebijakan eco-car merupakan kebijakan perpajakan atas mobil ramah lingkungan di Thailand. Insentif yang diberikan pada kebijakan eco-car policy tersebut adalah menurunkan tarif cukai atas mobil ramah lingkungan menjadi 17%.

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This research studies the suggestion about luxury tax rate reduction policy on green car. The purpose of this study was to know and analyze basis of thinking about luxury tax rate reduction policy on green car. It also analyzed about implication about luxury tax rate reduction policy on green car and to know about tax policy for green car in other country likes Thailand. This research used qualitative approach with descriptive analysis. The data were collected by means of deep interview and also literatures from articles, books, rules, and other sources.

The results of this research conclude that the basis of thinking about possibility of luxury tax rate reduction on green car is to expand green car in Indonesia..Tax rate reduction policy will cause positive effect and negative effect. Eco-car policy is tax policy for green car in Thailand. Incentive which given by eco-car policy is decrease excise rate for green car to 17 percent."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini dilakukan dengan studi empiris untuk melihat bagaimana pengaruhpenghapusan pajak penjualan barang mewah minuman ringan di Indonesiasebagai bentuk kebijakan fiskal dibidang perpajakan. Minuman ringan telahmenjadi obyek PPn BM sejak reformasi perpajakan tahun 1983 dan dihapuskansecara penuh mulai 1 Januari 2005. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwaminuman ringan inelastis terhadap harga dan elastis terhadap pendapatan. Tingkatkonsumsi minuman ringan tidak terpengaruh dengan adanya kebijakanpenghapusan PPn BM. Sedangkan potential loss dari kebijakan penghapusan PPnBM selama tahun 2005-2010 ditaksir sekitar 2 trilyun rupiah.

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ABSTRACTThe research was carried out by empirical studies to see how the effect of theelimination of luxury sales tax (PPn BM) soft drinks in Indonesia as a form offiscal policy in the field of taxation. Soft drinks have become the object oftaxation reform PPnBM since 1983 and fully removed since 1 January 2005. Theresults showed that the soft drink is price inelastic and income elastic. Soft drinkconsumption was not affected by the policy of removal sales tax. While thepotential loss of the removal PPnBM around years 2005-2010 estimated at around2.8 trillion rupiah."

"Frequency which happened in relative short-time in the regulation of luxury goods classification and tariff on implementing Tax on Luxury Goods (PPnBM) Collection shows existing effort maximally from the Directorate General of Tax to determine luxury goods classification which will be imposition of Tax on Luxury Goods (PPnBM) in the certain tariff so that the objective of Tax on Luxury Goods (PPnBM) imposition can be reached optimally, in accordance with consideration that each alteration of government regulation: in context to give more law certainty and justice". The happen of development of Tax on Luxury Goods (PPnBM) collection objective as mentioned in the explanation memory of Article 5 Regulation of Value Added Tax (PPN) 1984 that probably it can be contradiction each other in the implementation. Therefore in the development have happened several alterations of classification for taxable goods which classified luxury also tariff level developing of Tax on Luxury Goods (PPnBM) which purposed to fulfill the objective of Tax on Luxury Goods (PPnBM) collection. If be monitoring the alteration of taxable goods classification which classified luxury that is purposed to the objective of accepting achievement so can cause the characteristic movement of goods which mentioned Luxury. Based on the detail explanation as mentioned above so basic problems can be formulated such the following questions:

a. Is the Taxable Goods (BKP) classification which classified luxury at the present excluded Tax on Luxury Goods (PPnBM) imposition to the goods which known by characteristic not in the luxury goods ?

b. Is the classification selectively on items of luxury Taxable Goods (BKP) and Tax on Luxury Goods tariff as the way to determine optimal achievement of accepting objective and other objectives which covering the justice creation in Value Added Tax (PPN) burden (Regressive Effect Reduction of Value Added Tax (PPN) burden), and the control of Consumptive Pattern on Taxable Goods which classified luxury ?

c. Is the alteration of Taxable Goods classification which classified luxury mentioned will be administration burden ? and, is better not doing the system change of tax imposition in the relation to cover the weakness of regressive Value Added Tax (PPN) ?

The objective of this written is as the research to purpose for answering several questions as follow :

1) Is the Taxable Goods (BKP) classification which classified luxury at the present excluded Tax on Luxury Goods (PPnBM) imposition to the goods which known by characteristic not in the luxury goods?.

2) Is the classification selectively on items of luxury Taxable Goods (BKP) and Tax on Luxury Goods tariff as the way to determine optimal achievement of accepting objective and other objectives which covering the justice creation in Value Added Tax (PPN) burden (Regressive Effect Reduction of Value Added Tax (PPN) burden), and the control of Consumptive Pattern on Taxable Goods which classified luxury?

3) Is the alteration of Taxable Goods classification which classified luxury mentioned will be administration burden ? and, is better not doing the system change of tax imposition in the relation to' cover the weakness of regressive Value Added Tax (PPN) ?

Through this research, wished to able to get the existing significant practice and academic as follow :

1. Significant Practice, as the input to government in order to the administration of sales tax collection system on taxable goods which classified luxury mentioned is more appropriate with its collection objective and not difference from characteristic of taxable goods which classified luxury.

2. Significant academic, collecting the empirical data which can give the contribution to department of academic administration knowledge, especially to administration of tax policy in order that can be more developing and be used for further research.

This research uses the method of qualitative analysis description to be able to answer the objective of this research. The result of this research shows that regulation regarding to Taxable goods classification which classified luxury still contain that there is taxable goods known by characteristic not as luxury goods. Regulation of luxury goods classification tends changing to follow the value of money development and public economic so that it will be the permanent burden administration. Optimal objective achievement of Tax on Luxury Goods (PPnBM) imposition is reached by harmony achievement on each objective of Tax on Luxury Goods imposition so not just priority to the side of accepting achievement only. Optimum point can not determine because no exact measurement of each objective variable mentioned."

"Meningkatnya minat terhadap hewan peliharaan mendorong pertumbuhan populasi dan penjualan hewan peliharaan. Melihat dari karakteristik Pajak Penjualan Barang Mewah, hewan peliharaan dinilai memenuhi karakteristik tersebut. Penerimaan Pajak Penjualan atas Barang Mewah dari peningkatan penjualan hewan peliharaan ini dapat menjadi potensi yang baik untuk menambah pendapatan negara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kelayakan hewan peliharaan sebagai suatu objek Pajak Penjualan Barang Mewah dan bagaimana formulasi kebijakan yang tepat untuk pengenaan Pajak Penjualan Barang Mewah atas hewan peliharaan yang tergolong mewah.

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The rise of people's interests in pets encourages the population growth and sales of pets. Based on the characteristics of Sales Tax on Luxury Goods, pets are assessed to be qualified to such characteristics. The income of Sales Tax on Luxury Goods due to the increase of the pets sales can be potential to increase state’s income. This research aims to investigate the properness of pets as Luxury Goods Objects and how to formulate the proper policy of Sales Tax on Luxury Goods on pets as Luxury Goods Objects."

"Pemerintah membuat kebijakan kenaikan tarif PPnBM kendaraan bermotor tergolong mewah sebagai salah satu bentuk intensifikasi pajak. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi kebijakan kenaikan tarif PPnBM kendaraan bemotor beroda dua yang tergolong mewah ditinjau dari evaluasi hasil. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data survei dan wawancara mendalam. Hasil penelitian ini adalah kebijakan kenaikan tarif PPnBM kendaraan bermotor beroda dua yang tergolong mewah berhasil dalam mencapai tujuannya yaitu mengendalikan tingkat konsumsi masyarakat atas barang mewah. Namun, ada dampak negatif yang muncul, yaitu banyaknya kegiatan penyelundupan kendaraan bermotor beroda dua mewah secara ilegal.

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DGT enacted a policy of luxury tax rate increases for luxury two-wheel vehicle as one of tax intensification. This research is aimed to evaluate the policy of luxury tax rate for luxury vehicle in aspect of outcomes evaluation. The research was conducted by using quantitative approach with surveys and in-depth interview as data collection method. As the result, the policy succeed in achieving its objectives to control people's consumption of luxury goods. But, there are luxury two-wheel vehicle smuggling activities came up as the negative impact."

"Penelitian ini membahas tentang kebijakan pemberian fasilitas pembebasan PPnBM pada Kendaraan Umum yang menggunakan armada mewah. Penelitian bertujuan untuk memperbandingkan latar belakang peraturan terbaru dan peraturan sebelumnya terkait pembebasan PPnBM pada kendaraan umum tersebut. Disamping itu, penelitian bertujuan untuk melakukan evaluasi terhadap kebijakan fasilitas pembebasan PPnBM atas penyerahan kendaraan umum dengan tanda nomor kendaraan bermotor berwarna kuning dari segi fungsi budgetair dan regulerend pajak. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain deskriptif. Pengumpulan data melalui wawancara mendalam dan literatur berasal dari buku, peraturan, dan sumber lain. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan latar belakang pemberian fasilitas pembebasan PPnBM pada kendaraan umum adalah untuk memajukan transportasi massal. Kemudian, dari segi perkembangan peraturan PPnBM, kecenderungan kebijakan pemerintah semakin membatasi kendaraan bermotor. Kemudian ditinjau dari fungsi budgetair pajak, menimbulkan potential loss PPnBM. Dari segi regulerend PPnBM, pembebasan PPnBM bagi kendaraan mewah yang awalnya digunakan sebagai kendaraan umum tidak sejalan dengan maksud dan tujuan pengenaan PPnBM.

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This research evaluate the government policy about luxury tax exemption on luxury public car. The purpose of this study was to know and analyze rationale about luxury tax exemption on public cars. It analyze comparison from the recent regulation to previous regulation that regulate about luxury tax on public cars. This research analyzed about luxury tax exemption on public cars based on budgetair and regulerend tax function. This research used qualitative approach with descriptive analysis. Data were collected by means of deep interview and literatures from books, rules, and other sources. The results of this research conclude that rationale of luxury tax exemption on public transportation was the goverment’s intention to enhance mass transportation. Then, on develompent of regulation on luxury tax on vehicle tend to more disincentive to private motor vehicles than previous regulation. This, is goverment's intention to reduce the externalities produced by motor vehicles. Then in a budgetair function view, this regulation can lead to a potential loss in luxury tax on vehicle. In a regulerend function view, this luxury tax exemption for luxury cars that were initially used as public transport is incompatible with the aim and objectives of taxation on luxury tax."

"Perubahan kriteria dengan menghapuskan harga jual dalam pengenaan Pajak Penjualan Atas Barang Mewah untuk hunian mewah sebagai awal permasalahan penelitian ini. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif untuk mengetahui latar belakang penghapusan kriteria harga jual, ditinjau berdasarkan asas netralitas, revenue productivity dan untuk mengetahui dampak yang di akibatkan dengan perubahan ini. Hasil penelitian ini adalah perubahan kriteria dilatar belakangi dengan adanya kecenderungan pemecahan dasar pengenaan pajak yang dilakukan oleh pengembang, menunjukan adanya ketidak netralan dalam netralitas internal yaitu pada jenis competitive karena menganggu persaingan usaha antara developer. Dampak yang diakibatkan dari perubahan ini yaitu adanya kecenderungan dalam administrasi menjadi lebih mudah dalam melakukan pengawasan.

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Changes in the criteria by eliminating the selling price in the imposition of sales tax on luxury goods to luxury residences as the initial problem of this research. The research used a qualitative approach with descriptive research for background removal price criteria, are reviewed based on the principle of neutrality, revenue productivity and to determine the impact that causes this change.

Results of this study was the change in the presence of background criteria tendency solving tax base is done by the developer, to show the existence of the internal neutrality netralan in which the type of competitive due to disturb the competition between developers. Impacts resulting from these changes is the tendency of the administration becomes easier to carry out surveillance."

"Fokus dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui justifikasi pemerintah dalam menetapkan kebijakan Pajak Penghasilan Pasal 22 atas Barang Sangat Mewah. berikutnya juga membahas mengenai dasar pemikiran dalam penetapan objek dari pajak ini dan juga meninjau Pajak Penghasilan Pasal 22 atas Barang Sangat Mewah ini apabila dilihat dari konsepsi penggolongan pajak. Penelitian ini menggunakan kualitatif pada pertanyaan pertama dan kedua, sedangkan untuk pertanyaan ketiga menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Pengumpulan data yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan studi literatur, penelitian lapangan dan juga dengan wawancara mendalam.Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah justifikasi pemerintah dalam kebijakan ini adalah didasari karena rendahnya kesadaran Wajib Pajak dalam memenuhi kewajiban perpajakannya. Dalam penentuan objek pajaknya yang menjadi pertimbangan pemerintah adalah efek barang tersebut terhadap pasar apabila barang tersebut dijadikan objeknya dan juga beberapa pertimbangan dari sifat barang-barang yang akan dikenakan seperti harga, konsumen barang tersebut, keberadaan barang tersebut di pasaran dan sebagainya. Sedangkan dalam pengujiannya terhadap konsepsi penggolongan pajak kebijakan ini tidak memenuhi karakteristik Pajak Langsung yang merupakan dasar dari Pajak Penghasilan dan Pajak Penghasilan Pasal 22 atas Barang Sangat Mewah ini lebih cocok dan memenuhi kriteria dari cukai (Excise).

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The focus of this research is to know the justification of government in the Income Tax Policy Article 22 on Very Luxurious Goods. The next focus is to know the government consideration in determining an object of the Income Tax Article 22, and to observe this policy toward the conception of classifying tax. These researches use a qualitative approach for the first and second questions, whereas the third questions use a quantitative approach. The collecting data method which is used in this research is study literature, field research and indepth interview. Base at it?s purposive, this research includes in descriptive research.

The result from this research is, in this policy the justification of government based on the low of consciousness taxpayer to complete their tax duty. In determining the tax object which becomes the government consideration is the effect of those goods toward a market if those goods become an object and also some consideration from the goods characteristic which imposition like price, the consumer, the existence of goods in market and etc. While, the test toward classifying tax conception policy is unqualified to the direct tax which become the basic from Income Tax and Income Tax Policy Article 22 about very luxurious goods is more suitable and qualify the criteria from excise."