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"ABSTRAKLuka tekan merupakan luka yang terjadi karena adanya kematian jaringan karena tekanan yang lama pada kulit dan jaringan. Luka tekan sering dijumpai pada pasien dengan gangguan mobilisasi yang mendatangkan akibat serius yaitu sepsis, perpanjangan waktu rawat, peningkatan biaya perawatan dan juga peningkatan mortalitas. Luka tekan bisa dicegah dengan melakukan deteksi terhadap risiko terjadinya luka tekan dengan menggunakan alat screening. Alat yang sudah diuji validitas dan reliabilitasnya adalah skala Braden. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi keefektifan skala Braden dalam memprediksi kejadian luka tekan di bangsal bedah-dalam RSU. Prof. Dr. W.Z. Yohannes Kupang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode prospektif, dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 28 orang yang dipilih menggunakan teknik consecutive sampling. Pengujian validitas prediksi skala Braden dengan menghitung nilai sensitifitas, spesifitas, PPV dan NPV serta luas area di bawah kurva. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa skala Braden mempunyai validitas prediksi yang baik pada cut of point 15, memiliki nilai sensitifitas 88.2%, spesifitas 72.7%, PPV 11.8% dan NPV 27.3% dan luas area di bawah kurva ROC adalah 0.880. Kesimpulan yang didapatkan yaitu skala Braden efektif dalam memprediksi kejadian luka tekan di bangsal bedah dan penyakit dalam RSU Prof.Dr.W.Z. Yohannes Kupang. Sehingga disarankan untuk menggunakan skala Braden sebagai alat skrining terhadap resiko terjadinya luka tekan pada pasien.

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ABSTRACTPressure Ulcer is a wound which occurs as a result of death cells due to long pressure on skin and tissues. This wound is often found in patients with immobilization that lead to serious impacts such as sepsis, increased length of stay, increased medical cost and increased the possibility of mortality. Pressure ulcer can be prevented by early detection of risk with a screening tool. The tool which has been examined its validity and reliability is Braden scale. The aim of this research was to identify the effectiveness of Braden scale in redicting pressure ulcer in Medical-Surgical Ward at RSU Prof. Dr. W.Z. Yohannes Kupang. This was a quantitative research using prospective method. Twenty eight subjects were participated in this study and selected by using consecutive sampling method. The validity prediction of Braden scale was measured by counting sensitivity and specificity, False positive and False Negative value and also a wide range area under the curve. The result of the study showed that Braden scale has a good validity prediction on cut of point of 15, which demonstrated 88.2% sensitivity, 27.2% specificity, 11.8% FN and 27.3% FP and wide rangearea under the ROC curve is 0.880. The conclusion of the research was that Braden scale is effective in predicting pressure ulcer in Medical-Surgical ward at RSU Prof. Dr. W.Z. Yohannes Kupang. Therefore, using Braden scale as a screening tool to predict risks of pressure ulcer on patients with immobilization is recommended."

"Ulcer healing process in an incricate and active process including reconstruction process of mucos through formation of granulation tissue..."

"Failure of flow a fluid from a equipment to other equipment often happen caused by significant presure drop. To ascertain pressure ability flow of fluid in piping system necessary done calculation pressure drop earlier in engineering, because pressure drop that calculated to make base generate of pipe routing correctly is connects fron nozzle of vessel to nozzle of suction compressor."

"ABSTRAKDiabetes melitus (DM) merupakan salah satu penyakit kronik yang terjadi diseluruh negara di dunia, dan terus menerus mengalami peningkatan jumlah yangsignifikan dari tahun ke tahun. Komplikasi jangka panjang dari DM baikmikrovaskular dan makrovaskular dapat menyebabkan insufiensi aliran darah ketungkai, yang dapt berujung pada infeksi, ulkus dan berakhir pada amputasi.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan perawatan kaki denganrisiko ulkus kaki diabetes. Jenis penelitian ini adalah non eksperimentalkorelasionaldengan desain cross sectional. Jumlah responden dalam pemelitianini adalah 45. Hasil analisis bivariat didapatkan perawatan kaki (p=0.003) danpemilihan dan pemakaian alas kaki (p=0.008) berhubungan dengan risiko ulkuskaki diabetes. Hasil analisis multivariat didapatkan bahwa perawatan kakiberhubungan dengan risiko ulkus dengan p<0.05 (p=0.013). Diabetisi denganperawatan kaki yang baik berpeluang untuk mencegah risiko ulkus kaki diabetessebesr 14 kali dibandingkan dengan diabetisi yang perawatan kakinya buruk.

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ABSTRACTDiabetes Mellitus (DM) is one of chronic diseases that exist in all countries inthe world and keep growing significantly from year to year. Long termcomplication from diabetes, both micro vascular and macro vascular, can causeinsufficiently blood supply to hills which can culminate to ulcer infection andwill end with an amputation.The purpose of this research is to know the relationship between foot care andulcer risk of diabetes foot. This research design is non experimental- corelationalwith sectional cross design. In this research, there are 45respondents. Based on Bivariate analysis, it is known that foot care (p=0.003)and footwear choice and usage (p=0.008). Multivariate analysis showed thatfoot care related to ulcer risk with p<0.05 (p=0.013). People with diabetes whoget good foot care have chance to prevent diabetes foot ulcer risk 14 timescompared with people with diabetes who get poor foot care."

"Ulser adalah masalah yang sering ditemukan pada rongga mulut. Keluhan sakit seringkali menimbulkan rasa tidak nyaman pada penderita yang dapat memengaruhi kualitas hidupnya, sehingga penderita cenderung mencari pengobatan untuk menangani hal tersebut. Propolis merupakan bahan alami yang memiliki kandungan flavonoid yang dapat bertindak sebagai anti-inflamasi dalam menangani ulser. Mengetahui efektivitas pasta gigi propolis sebagai pengobatan ulserasi traumatik termal pada mukosa bukal. Penelitian dilakukan secara in vivo dengan menggunakan model ulser traumatik termal pada mukosa bukal 16 ekor Mus musculus (SwissWebster) yang terbagi dalam penelitian pendahuluan dan penelitian lanjutan. Penelitian menggunakan 3 kelompok dengan kelompok pasta gigi propolis, pasta gigi kontrol dan larutan saline (NaCl 0,9%). Dilakukan pemaparan trauma termal dengan ballpointed bersuhu 80oC selama 5 detik. Pengamatan dilakukan secara klinis berupa perubahan diameter ulser, pembengkakan dan kemerahan di sekitar ulser, berat badan serta persentase penyembuhan ulser, dan secara histopatologis berupa perubahan skor radang. Mus musculus kemudian dikorbankan pada hari pertama terbentuk ulser, hari puncak ulser dan hari sembuhnya ulser pada setiap kelompok. Pada pengamatan makroskopis, persentase penyembuhan kelompok pasta gigi propolis lebih cepat dibanding kelompok pasta gigi kontrol dan saline, serta rata-rata waktu penyembuhan ulser juga lebih cepat, yaitu sembuh pada hari ke-8. Pada pengamatan mikroskopis, semua kelompok perlakuan mengalami perubahan skor radang dibandingkan ketika hari pertama terbentuknya ulser. Pasta gigi propolis efektif terhadap penyembuhan ulser traumatik termal pada mukosa bukal Mus musculus (Swiss Webster).

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Ulcer is a problem which is mainly found in the oral cavity. The pain resulted often causes discomfort towards the patients hence affecting their life quality. As a result, they tend to seek treatment to deal with it. Propolis is a natural ingredient that contains flavonoid which can act as an anti-inflammatory to treat the ulcer. To determine the efficacy of propolis toothpaste as a treatment for thermal traumatic ulcer of the buccal mucosa. The study was conducted in vivo by using the thermal traumatic ulcer model of the buccal mucosa of 16 Mus musculus (Swiss Webster) and divided into preliminary test and continuous test. There are 3 groups in the study, using propolis toothpaste, control toothpaste and saline (NaCl 0,9%) groups. The thermal trauma is exposed by a 80oC ballpointed for 5 seconds. Observations are made clinically (difference in ulcer diameter, swelling and redness around the ulcer, weight and percentage of ulcer healing) and histopathologically in the form of changes in inflammation score. Mus musculus was then sacrificed on the first day of ulcer formation, ulcer peak day and ulcer healing day in each group. In the macroscopic observation, the ulcer healing percentage in propolis toothpaste group was faster than the control groups, and the ulcer healing time was also faster, which was healed on the 8 day. In the microscopic observation, all treatment groups show changes in inflammation score compared to the first day of ulcer formation. Propolis toothpaste is effective towards the healing of thermal traumatic ulcer in the buccal mucosa of Mus musculus (Swiss Webster)."

"Kerugin jatuh tekan (presssure drop) mempunyai pengaruh yang sangat penting pada dunia industri. Kerugian jatuh tekan ialah kerugian energi yang dibutuhkan untuk memindahkan fluida. Perancangan alat sangat menentukan pengaruh pada pressure drop, mulai dari pemilihan reducer, valve, tee, elbow, dll. Gesekan-gesekan yang terjadi pada aliran fluida dalam pipa sangat sering terjadi. Koefisien gesek didapat dari tegangan geser yang terjadi diantara setiap perbedaan lapisan kecepatan. Pemilihan pipa PVC Ø 19 mm memungkinkan untuk mengurangi pressure drop yang terjadi. Pipa PVC paling sering digunakan untuk sistem irigasi, dan penyaluran air rumah tangga. Suatu bilangan yang dapat mengidentifikasikan antara suatu aliran lainar atau aliran turbulen ialah bilangan Reynolds. Tujuan dari penelitian yaitu untuk mengetahui hubungan bilangan REynolds terhadap nilai koefisien gesek pada pipa PVC. Dimana semakin tinggi bilangan Reynolds maka nilai koefisien gesek semakin kecil. Mengetahui karakteristik aliran dan distribusi kecepatan yang terjadi pada pipa PVC. Penggunaan tiga buah pressure gauge untuk mengukur perbedaan tekanan antar tab. Untuk pengujian, bahan yang diuji adalah air.

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Pressure drop have a very important influence in the world. Pressure drop is energy loss required to moving of fluid. Design tool will determine the effecr on pressure drop, ranging from selecting the reducer, valve, tee, elbow, etc. Friction-friction that occurs in the fluid flow in pipes are very commonly. The coefficient of friction obtain from shear stress that occurs between each layer of the speed difference. Selection og PVC pipe Ø 19 mm make it possible to reduce the pressure drop occur, The most commonly use PVC pipe for irrigation system and supply household water.

The purpose of this study was to corrleate the Reynolds number on the value of friction coefficient on the PVC pipe. If the Reynolds number to high, so coefficient of friction as be small. Knowing the characteristics of flow and velocity distributions that occur in PVC pipe. Utilizing three pieces of pressure gauge for measure the pressure difference inter pressure tab. For testing, the material tested water."

"Penelitian ini membahas persepsi perawat terhadap pengkajian resiko luka tekan Metode Braden dan Waterlow di Unit perawatan bedah Rumah Sakit Dr. Hi. Abdul Moeloek Propinsi Lampung. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain pra-eksperimen postest only design dengan responden 30 perawat. Responden diberikan pelatihan pengkajian resiko luka tekan dengan menggunakan Metode Braden dan Waterlow, kemudian diberikan kuisioner tentang persepsi perawat terhadap kedua metode tersebut. Deskripsi kategori dan skor kategori Metode Braden yang dipersepsikan sulit adalah persepsi sensori dan kelembaban, Deskripsi kategori dan skor kategori Metode Waterlow adalah perbandingan berat badan terhadap tinggi badan, deficit neurologis, obat-obatan, jenis kulit dan daerah resiko yang terlihat. Hasil uji statistik dengan Chi Square diperoleh nilai p value = 0,201 dengan α = 0,05 dapat disimpulkan tidak ada perbedaan persepsi perawat terhadap Metode Braden dan Waterlow, kedua metode samasama dipersepsikan mudah.

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The focus of this study how the nurses perception in assessment risk of the pressure ulcers Braden and Waterlow Method at surgery care unit Dr. Hi. Abdul Moeloek Hospital Lampung Province.This research uses pre-experiment postest only design with 30 nurses. They have been given training about study of the pressure ulcers risks using Braden and Waterlow Method, before answered the questionnaire. Perception base on the Braden Method that is perceived difficult are sensory perception and humidity, while perception according to Waterlow Method description and category score are ratio weight to high, neurogical deficit, drugs, skin type, and risk area which is seen. The statistical test result by Chi square show p value = 0.201 with α = 0.05, therefore it can be concluded that there is no differentiation in the nurses perceptions base on Braden and Waterlow Methods. Both are perceived as easy."

"ABSTRAKBackground of the study, materials and methods: Pregnancy-induced hypertension is still an important cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Blood pressure changes during pregnancy especially in the second- and third trimester is very important to be monitored properly during prenatal care through routine blood pressure measurement as an early detection for prevention of pregnancy-induced hypertension. Though its etiology is still unknown, based on various epidemiological studies some nutritional- and non- nutritional factors were believed to be its predisposing factors, which also should be considered during prenatal care. A study had been carried out on 45 pregnant women in all 14 RW of Kelurahan Utan Kayu Selatan, Jakarta, Indonesia. They were followed fortnightly for a 6 weeks observational period to see the relationships between magnesium concentration in serum and in erythrocyte, and blood pressures changes in their second- and/or third trimester, and to see also factors that might influence this blood pressure changes. Anthropometrics, clinical, biochemical, and dietary assessments were done to gather data needed for this observational study. The data was analyzed using statistical tests at alpha equal to 0.05 as the significance level. Results and conclusion: Hypertension based on the operational definition of this study was found in 4.4% of the subjects. Blood pressure changes in pregnancy in this study only significantly related to primigravida. The intakes of calorie, protein, saturated fatty acid, sodium and magnesium were found to be significantly different (p < 0.001) compared to its RDA, yet no significant was found with blood pressure changes/hypertension. Magnesium concentration in serum was mostly within the normal range (1.9 - 2.5 mg/dl) in 73.33% of the subjects, while magnesium concentration in erythrocyte was mostly lower than the normal range (5.7 - 7.5 mg/dl) in 73.33 % of the subjects. The concentration of magnesium in erythrocyte was significantly lower (p < 0.001) than the normal level after the 20th week of gestation. The data did not show any significant correlation on the relationship between the concentration of magnesium both in serum and in erythrocyte with blood pressure changes / hypertension."