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"Latar Belakang: Menopause adalah salah satu bagian dari siklus alami kehidupan reproduktif perempuan, yang merupakan berhentinya menstruasi selama 12 bulan berturut-turut. Saat menopause, produksi hormon esterogen dan progesteron menurun. Penurunan kedua hormon ini hingga hampir nol berlanjut sampai ke tahap askamenopause, yaitu fase lanjutan dari menopause. Penurunan hormon esterogen dan progesteron menyebabkan munculnya beberapa perubahan klinis pada rongga mulut, terutama pada gingiva yang dapat mengarah ke keradangan gingiva dan kesehatan rongga mulut.Tujuan: Untuk menganalisis status keradangan gingiva pada perempuan paskamenopause.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif analitik dengan pendekatan potong lintang (cross-section). Dilakukan wawancara mengenai lama menopause dan pemeriksaan klinis keradangan gingiva menggunakan Papillary Bleeding Index (Saxer dan Muhlemann) pada 93 orang perempuan paskamenopause di wilayah Bekasi.Hasil: Rata-rata usia perempuan paskamenopause yang diteliti 61 tahun (SD ±7,2). 79 orang perempuan paskamenopause yang diteliti memiliki skor PBI baik, dan 14 orang perempuan paskamenopause memiliki skor PBI sedang. Tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna antara keradangan gingiva dengan lama menopause (p>0,05). Terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna (p<0,05) antara keradangan gingiva (mean 1,15, SD ±0,36), dengan tingkat akumulasi plak gigi (mean 1,91, SD ±0,6), kalkulus gigi (mean 2,12, SD ±0,67), dan tingkat kebersihan mulut (mean 2,25, SD ±0,62), dan antara lama menopause dengan tingkat kebersihan mulut.Kesimpulan: Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa status keradangan gingiva sangat berkaitan dengan akumulasi plak gigi, kalkulus gigi, serta tingkat kebersihan mulut perempuan paskamenopause, sehingga prosedur pemeliharaan kesehatan gigi dan mulut perlu dilakukan secara berkala.

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Background: Menopause, which was a part of female?s reproductive life natural cycle, confirmed when women had no menstrual period for 12 consecutive months. When menopause appeared, the production of estrogen and progesterone hormone decreased. The decreasing almost reached zero and continued until postmenopausal phase, which was a continue phase from menopause. The impact of the decreasing estrogen and progesterone hormone has made several clinical changes in oral cavity, especially in gingival, which could lead to gingival inflammation and oral health.Objective: To analyze the gingival inflammation status in postmenopausal women.Method: This study was a descriptive analytic study using the cross-sectional study method. Years since the last menopausal period were obtained from 93 postmenopausal women in Bekasi area. Clinical examination of gingival inflammation was studied using Papillary Bleeding Index (Saxer and Muhlemann).Results: The mean age of postmenopausal women was 61 years (SD ±7, 2). 79 postmenopausal women had a good PBI scores and 14 postmenopausal women had moderate PBI scores. There was no correlation between gingival inflammation and period of time since postmenopausal women had their last menstruation (p>0, 05). There were significant correlation (p<0, 05) between gingival inflammation (mean 1, 15, SD ±0, 36) and dental plaque accumulation (mean 1, 91, SD ± 0,6), with dental calculus (mean 2,12, SD ±0,67), and OHI-S (mean 2,25, SD ±0,62). There was a strong correlation (p<0, 05) between OHI-S and period of time since postmenopausal women had their last menstruation.Conclusion: Gingival inflammation strongly correlated with dental plaque accumulation, dental calculus, and OHI-S in postmenopausal women, so good oral hygiene procedures were needed periodically."

"Phalerin is an active component of mahkota dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa (scheff.) Boerl) proven to have an anti inflamation effect. The labeling of phalerin with gamma emiting radionuclides was aimed to study is pharmacokinetic behavior and particularly to trace its metabolites. The labeling with I was caried our using iodogen as oxidator. Radiolabeled compound was characterized by high performance liquid choromatography (HPLC) using C-18 column eluted with methanol 70% and detected with UV detector (z=291 nm) and by thin layer chromatography (TLC) using silica gel strips eluted with chloroform - methanol (9:2), and lebeling efficiency was determined using the same TLC system. Purification of radiolabeled product was carried out using size exclusion chromatography (Sephadex G-25 column) eluted with 0.05 M phosphate buffer pH 7.4 Biodistributions of I-phalerin in various organs of normal and inflammation - induced mice were observed at 1,4 and 24 hours post-intravenous injection. radiochemical purity of I-phalerin was 90.2 krang lebih 2.8% and increased to 96.0 krang lebih0,4% after purification. Radioactivities in inflamed tissue at 1,4 and 24 hours post injection were respectively 1.6 times, 1,4 times and 1.3 times higher than that in normal tissue. The results showed a significant uptake of radiolabeled phalerin in inflamed."

"Sepsis merupakan respons inflamasi sistemik pejamu terhadap infeksi. Respons inflamasi dimediasi oleh sitokin yang akan dilepaskan ke sirkulasi. Pelepasan sitokin akan menyebabkan terjadinya aktivasi koagulasi melalui peningkatan ekspresi tissue factor (TF) dan penurunan inhibitor alamiah, serta penurunan fibrinolisis. Tissue factor (TF) merupakan inisiator penting pada proses koagulasi, yang diekspresikan di sirkulasi darah oleh monosit aktif. Aktivasi TF selain menyebabkan aktivasi koagulasi juga dapat memodulasi inflamasi pada pasien sepsis berat. Heparin selain sebagai antikoagulan, berperan sebagai antiinflamasi. Berdasarkan fungsi heparin sebagai antiinflamasi dan peranan TF dalam inflamasi, ingin diteliti apakah pemberian heparin dapat menurunkan aktivitas TF yang diekspresikan monosit pada keadaan inflamasi.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan aktivitas TF monosit pada orang sehat dan pasien sepsis berat dan perbedaan aktivitas TF monosit pada pasien sepsis berat dengan pemberian heparin in vitro dibandingkan dengan kelompok tanpa heparin.Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental dengan menggunakan sampel 10 orang pasien sepsis berat dan 5 orang sehat. Darah sitrat dipisahkan sel mononuklear darah tepi (peripheral blood mononuclear cell/ PBMC) dengan teknik Ficoll-Paque, dan isolat monosit diperoleh dari PBMC menggunakan Monoclonal Antibody Cell Sorter (MACS) microbeads. Isolat monosit dipisahkan menjadi tiga kelompok, yaitu kelompok pertama langsung diperiksa aktivitas TF, kelompok kedua diinkubasi 6 jam dengan heparin 0.1 IU, dan kelompok ketiga diinkubasi 6 jam tanpa heparin. Isolat monosit kemudian dibuat lisat sel dan supernatan diukur aktivitas TF (Actichrome TF).Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan bermakna aktivitas TF monosit pada pasien sepsis berat dibandingkan orang sehat (p=0.002). Aktivitas TF monosit pada pasien sepsis berat yang mendapat heparin 0.1 IU berbeda bermakna setelah jam ke-6 dibandingkan tanpa heparin (p=0.003).

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Sepsis is a host systemic inflammatory response to infection. Inflammatory response is mediated by cytokines released into circulation. Cytokine leads to coagulation activation by elevating tissue factor (TF) expression, reducing natural inhibitors, and impeding fibrinolysis. TF is an important initiator in coagulation process, expressed in blood circulation by active monocytes. TF activates coagulation and modulates inflammation in severe septic patients. Heparin acts as anticoagulant and antiinflammatory agent. Based on heparin as antiinflammatory agent and role of TF in inflammation, heparin can decrease TF activity expressed on monocyte in inflammation.

This study aims to find the difference between monocyte TF activities in healthy people and severe septic patients, and also between monocyte TF activities in severe septic patients receiving heparin in vitro and without heparin group.

This study is a laboratory experiment using 10 samples from severe septic patients and 5 healthy samples. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are separated from citrate blood using Ficoll-Paque technique. Monocyte isolation is performed using Monoclonal Antibody Cell Sorter (MACS) microbeads. Monocyte isolate is divided into three groups, first group is measured for TF activity directly, second group is incubated 6 hours with heparin 0.1 IU, and third group is incubated without heparin. Cell lysate is processed from monocyte isolate and supernatant is measured for activity TF (Actichrome TF).

The result shows a significant difference between monocyte TF activity in severe septic patients compared to healthy people (p = 0.002). Monocyte TF activity in severe septic patients with heparin 0.1 IU/mL in the 6th hour is also significantly different than without heparin group (p = 0.003)."

"Bandotan Ageratum conyzoides L. merupakan salah satu tanaman herbal Indonesia yang banyak digunakan dalam pengobatan tradisional, salah satunya dalam terapi peradangan inflamasi. Penelitian sebelumnya mengungkapkan bahwa isolat kuersetin dari ekstrak daun bandotan memiliki aktivitas anti-inflamasi. Namun, dibutuhkan waktu yang lama dalam proses ekstraksi.Penelitian bertujuan mencari metode ekstraksi yang cocok yang dapat mempersingkat waktu ekstraksi dan meningkatkan kadar kuersetin dalam ekstrak, serta bertujuan menginvestigasi mekanisme molekuler anti-inflamasi dari ekstrak. Kuersetin, methotrexate dan piroxicam digunakan sebagai kontrol positif.Metode ekstraksi yang digunakan adalah maserasi dan digesti, dengan air dan etanol 70 sebagai pelarut. Profil metabolit sekunder dianalisis dengan kromatografi lapis tipis KLT dan Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy LC-MS. Aktivitas anti inflamasi dari ekstrak dievaluasi dengan sel RAW 264.7 distimulasi oleh lipopolisakarida LPS dan dilakukan deteksi ekspresi gen-gen dengan Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction RT-PCR ditingkat messenger ribonucleic acid mRNA. Uji aktivitas juga dilakukan terhadap nitrit oksida NO dengan metode Griess.Hasil uji memperlihatkan bahwa kadar kuersetin tertinggi 52,71 ppm diperoleh dari metode digesti pada suhu 60 C selama 2 jam dengan pelarut etanol 70 . Kromatogram KLT menunjukkan pola yang khas dan kromatogram LC-MS memperlihatkan beberapa puncak metabolit sekunder, salah satunya adalah kuersetin. Pada dosis 50 ?g/ mL, ektrak dapat menurunkan ekspresi messenger ribonucleic acid mRNA cyclooxygenase-2 COX-2 , tumor necrosis factor-? TNF-? , interleukin-1betha IL-1? , IL-6, dan nuclear factor-kappa betha NF-?? , serta menurukan produksi NO. Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh, disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak etanol 70 daun bandotan memiliki mekanisme aksi anti-inflamasi seperti kuersetin dalam menekan mediator pro-inflamasi.

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Bandotan Ageratum conyzoides L. is one of Indonesian herbs are widely used in traditional medicines one of them is in treating inflammation. Previous research has revealed that the isolated quercetin from bandotan leaves extract has anti inflammatory activity. However, the extraction process takes a long time.

The aim of the present study was to find the suitable method which can reduce the time of extraction process and also increase quercetin content in extract, and also investigates the anti inflammatory molecular mechanism of extract. Quercetin, methotrexate, and piroxicam were used as positive control.

Two extraction methods were used maceration and digestion method, which used water and ethanol 70 as a solvent. Secondary metabolites profiles were analyzed by thin layer chromatography TLC and liquid chromatography mass spectroscopy LC MS . The anti inflammatory activity of extract was evaluated using RAW 264.7 cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharides LPS and the genes were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction RT PCR at messenger ribonucleic acid mRNA . The activity test was also performed on nitric oxide NO by Griess method.

The results showed that the highest quercetin content 52.71 ppm was obtained from digestion method at 60 C for 2 hours with ethanol 70 as a solvent. TLC chromatograms shows a typical pattern and LC MS chromatograms shows some peaks of secondary metabolites, one of them is quercetin. The dose extract at 50 g mL can decrease mRNA expression of cyclooxygenase 2 COX 2 , tumor necrosis factor TNF , interleukin 1betha IL 1 , IL 6, dan nuclear factor kappa betha NF , and also can decrease of NO production. As a result, it is concluded that 70 ethanolic leaves extract of bandotan has anti inflammatory activity such as quercetin in suppressing pro inflammatory mediators."

"Latar belakang. Resesi gingiva memiliki prevalensi yang tinggi pada berbagai populasi di dunia serta dapat menimbulkan berbagai komplikasi seiring meningkatnya keparahan resesi. Penelitian sebelumnya telah menunjukkan adanya variasi tingkat keparahan resesi gingiva pada populasi yang berbeda. Hal ini dipengaruhi oleh etiologi resesi gingiva yang kompleks dan bersifat multifaktorial, sehingga studi distribusi faktor risiko resesi gingiva pada suatu populasi penting untuk dilakukan sebagai dasar penyusunan strategi pencegahan dan kontrol dari resesi gingiva pada populasi tersebut. Tujuan. Memperoleh distribusi faktor risiko terjadinya resesi gingiva pada gigi pasien RSKGM FKG UI tahun 2017-2019 berdasarkan tingkat keparahan resesi. Metode penelitian. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian potong lintang menggunakan data sekunder dari rekam medis RSKGM FKG UI tahun 2017-2019 yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi, pengambilan sampel dengan teknik consecutive sampling, serta dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian.Hasil analisis dari 402 sampel resesi gingiva menunjukkan resesi gingiva ringan (67,9%) memiliki frekuensi tertinggi pada pasien RSKGM FKG UI serta 92% sampel terpapar oleh lebih dari satu faktor risiko dalam penelitian ini Kesimpulan. Pasien RSKGM FKG UI tahun 2017-2019 mayoritas mengalami resesi gingiva ringan dengan etiologi yang bersifat multifaktorial.

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Introduction. Gingival recession has a high prevalence among different populations in the world and could cause various complications as the recession becomes more severe. Previous studies have shown that gingival recession varied in different populations. This could be influenced by the complex and multifactorial aetiology of gingival recession. Therefore, it is important to study the distribution of gingival recession risk factors in a population as a basis to develop strategies on preventing and controlling gingival recession progression. Objectives. To obtain the distribustion of gingival recession risk factors on RSKGM FGKUI patients’ teeth in 2017-2019 based on the severity of the recession. Methods. This study used a cross-sectional, descriptive, secondary data analysis design. Secondary data was taken from RSKGM FKG UI medical records in 2017-2019 that met the inclusion criteria with consecutive sampling technique. Results. 402 samples of gingival recession were analyzed and showed that mild gingival recession had the highest frequency in RSKGM FKG UI patients, with 92% of the samples were exposed to more than one risk factor in this study. Conclusion. The majority of patients at RSKGM FKG UI in 2017-2019 experienced mild gingival recession with a multifactorial etiology."

"Latar Belakang: Subepithelial connective tissue graft SCTG dan acelullar dermal matrix ADM seringkali digunakan dalam perawatan resesi gingiva. Tujuan Penelitian: Mengevaluasi kondisi klinis jaringan periodontal setelah perawatan resesi gingiva antara menggunakan SCTG dengan ADM. Metode: Data resesi gingiva, tingkat perlekatan klinis gingiva, dan lebar gingiva cekat sebelum perawatan diambil dari rekam medik. Pasien dihubungi untuk pengambilan data setelah perawatan. Hasil: Penggunaan SCTG dan ADM memberikan hasil yang signifikan. Perbandingan antara kedua kelompok tidak menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan. Kesimpulan: Perawatan resesi gingiva dengan SCTG dan ADM memberikan hasil yang serupa.

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Background: Subepithelial connective tissue graft SCTG and acellular dermal matrix ADM are frequently used in treatment of gingival recession.

Objectives: To evaluate periodontal clinical conditions after treatment of gingival recession using SCTG and ADM.

Methods: Pre operative data of gingival recession, clinical attachment level, and attached gingiva were retrieved from medical records. Patients were recalled and post operative data were recorded.

Results: Application of SCTG and ADM yield significant changes. Comparisons between the two groups showed no statistically significant differences.

Conclusion: Treatment of gingival recession with SCTG and ADM yield similar outcomes."

"Indonesian Journal of Dentistry 2006; Edisi Khusus KPPIKG XIV: 316-320The use of Nipedipine as cardiovascular therapy is proven to be the cause of gingival hyperplasia. The objectve of this present case is to report the gingival hyperplasia induced by nifedipine, and the best management suggested. In both cases, the subtitution of Nifedipine by another drug and intensive oral hygiene procedure could eliminate the gingival hyperplasia."

"Latar belakang: Kebiasaan merokok merupakan faktor risiko periodontitis kronis. Penelitian mengenai perbedaan kedalaman poket dan resesi gingiva pasien periodontitis kronis perokok dan bukan perokok belum banyak dilakukan. Tujuan penelitian: Mengetahui perbedaan kedalaman poket dan resesi gingiva pasien periodontitis kronis perokok dan bukan perokok. Metode: Penelitian potong lintang pada masing-masing 101 subjek periodontitis kronis perokok dan bukan perokok yang diambil dari rekam medik klinik integrasi RSKGM FKG UI tahun kunjungan 2010-2015. Hasil: Berdasarkan uji Mann-Whitney terdapat perbedaan bermakna p < 0,05 rerata kedalaman poket dan resesi gingiva antara perokok dan bukan perokok. Kesimpulan: Rerata kedalaman poket dan resesi gingiva perokok lebih besar daripada bukan perokok.

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Background: Smoking is one of the risk factors of chronic periodontitis. Studies that shows the difference of pocket depth and gingival recession of chronic periodontitis patient between smokers and nonsmokers are still rare.

Objective: Knowing the difference of pocket depth and gingival recession between smokers and nonsmokers chronic periodontitis patient.

Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted using medical records of 101 smokers and 101 nonsmokers who suffered chronic periodontitis in integration clinic RSKGM FKG UI during 2010 2015.

Results: Mann Whitney test showed that there were significant differences in the average of pocket depth and gingival recession (p<0,05) between smokers and nonsmokers.

Conclusions: The average of pocket depth and gingival recession in smokers is higher than nonsmokers."

"Latar Belakang: Suku Anak Dalam (SAD) memiliki pantangan dalam menggunakan pasta gigi. Tujuan: Mengidentifikasi perilaku dan kepercayaan dalam memelihara kesehatan gingiva pada Murid Sokola Rimba. Metode: Penelitian kualitatif etnografi dan kuantitatif desain cross-sectional. Hasil: Penyebab pantangan tidak menggunakan pasta gigi di sungai adalah takut hilangnya keberkahan dewa. Adat berpengaruh kuat pada kelompok anak dan perempuan. Mereka tidak memiliki kebebasan, terutama pendidikan. Rerata pengetahuan dan sikap untuk memelihara kesehatan gingiva buruk, sedangkan rerata tindakan memelihara kesehatan gingiva sedang. Kesimpulan: Kepercayaan SAD dalam membersihkan mulut berhubungan dengan perilaku kesehatan gigi mulut sehingga rerata status kebersihan mulut dan inflamasi gingiva sedang.

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Background : Suku Anak Dalam ( SAD ) has a belief that using tooth paste is taboo.

Objective : Identify the behaviors and beliefs in maintaining gingival health within the students of Sokola Rimba.

Methods : Qualitative ethnographic and quantitative research with cross-sectional design.

Results : SAD's belief that using tooth paste in the river due to the fear of the loss of the God's blessing. It has strong influence in the group of children and women so that they do not have freedom, especially in education. The mean of knowledge and attitudes in maintaining gingival health is poor and oral health habits are moderate.

Conclusion : SAD belief related to oral cleaning and oral health behaviours affecting the mean of oral hygiene and gingival status being moderate."

"Gingival recession is the exposure of the root surface due to an apical shift of the gingival margin. The high incidence of recession, (100 % on 50 years old) requires an appropriate therapy to eliminate the hypersensitive dentin and also aesthetic problems. The continuing recessions and aesthetic complains indicate a periodontal plastic surgery prosedur. The Langer's technic, is a part of Sub-ephitelial Connective Tissue Graft that has a high level of succes on the normal gingival thickness. The aim of this review is to give the best solution to dentist in managing the gingival recession and aesthetic complains. Langer and Langer (1985) had succesfully formed this procedure by removing the connective tissue graf from the donor site to the recipient site. This technic has a high level of success and can be formed by dentists with concern on case selections and the influencing factors."