Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Pembangunan MRT/ Transportasi berbasis rel saat ini sedang banyak di Indonesia terutama di Jakarta. Bertujuan untuk mempelajari masalah penetapan biaya operasi dan pemeliharaan untuk menentukan komponen biaya hingga penetapan biaya operasi dan pemeliharaan per kilometer sebagai pedoman untuk pembangunan MRT selanjutnya, dengan berdasar pada Peraturan yang ada dan dikembangkan dari studi yang ada pada artikel mengenai MRT di luar negeri. Estimasi biaya operasional dan pemeliharaan tahunan untuk MRT per kilometer adalah Rp 40 milyar/ Km?Tahun. Operator MRT memerlukan subsidi sebesar 43 agar keberlanjutan perusahaan operator MRT dapat terjaga.

---

Development of MRT Rail based transport is currently being conducted in Indonesia, especially in Jakarta. This Thesis is conducted to learn about operation and maintenance cost, which leads to cost components to conduct operation and maintenance cost per kilometer as a guide for further MRT development. Based on existing regulations and developed from studies in the article of MRT abroad. Estimated yearly cost of MRT rsquo s operation and maintenance for distance unit is Rp 40 billion Km Year. MRT operators require a subsidy of 43 so that the sustainability of MRT operator can be maintained."

"Senyawa Zn-dialkilditiofosfat banyak digunakan sebagai aditif minyak lumas. Permasalahannya adalah tidak diketahui dengan jelas jenis gugus alkil yang terdapat dalam aditif yang digunakan. Dalam penelitian ini disintesis sejenis dialkilditiofosfat, yang diperkirakan merupakan salah satu aditif pada minyak lumas otomotif, yaitu dengan jenis gugus alkilnya adalah isobutil. Bahan dasar yang digunakan adalah fosfor pentasulfida, isobutanol dan Zn-asetat.Cara yang dilakukan adalah melalui reaksi langsung, tanpa pembentukan garam amonium dan tanpa pemurnian asam terlebih dahulu. Sintesis dilakukan dengan dua tahap reaksi, yaitu reaksi pembentukan asam dan reaksi pembentukan Zn-diisobutilditiofosfat, dalam atmosfer nitrogen, yang dibuat dengan pengaliran gas nitrogen terus menerus, pada suhu sekitar ± 700Pemurnian dilakukan dengan cara ekstraksi menggunakan kloroform sebagai pelarut dan rekristalisasi pada pelarut n-heksana. Senyawa yang terbentuk berupa kristal putih bening, dengan titik leleh 106-108° C dan mempunyai Mr 548.Berdasarkan anailsis dengan menggunakan FT-1R, GC-MS, MS, UV-Vis,dan analisis unsur, dapat diperkirakan senyawa itu mempunyai strukturSenyawa mempunyai kelarutan yang kecil pada minyak lumas dasar yaitu kurang dari 5 % berat minyak lumas dasar, jenis minyak lumas HVI 160'S, dengan pemanasan pada suhu f 500 C.Pengujian kinerja dengan mesin Four Ball, menunjukkan bahwa penambahan Zn-ddf menyebabkan adanya peningkatan pada kinerja minyak lumas dalam hal Seizure Load, Weld Point dan Load Wear index dibandingkan dengan minyak lumas dasar tanpa Zn-ddf. Akan tetapi perbedaan jumlah penambahan Zn-ddf kurang menunjukkan peningkatan yang berarti pada kinerja minyak lumas tersebut.

---

Lot of Zn-diallcylditiophosphate compounds are used as lubricant additive. The problem is, the type of alkyl group found in the additive used is not clearly known. In this research a kind of diallcylditiophosphate, which is considered to be one of additive in automotive lubricant, is synthesized with its alkyl group type, that is isobutyl. The raw materials used are phospor pentasulfide, isobutanol, and Zn-acetate.

The metod used is through direct reaction, without ammonium salt formation and without prior acid purification. The syntheses are conducted in two phases of reactions, those are acid formation reaction and Zn-diisobutylditiophosphate formation reaction, under nitrogen atmosphere, which is made by continuously flowing nitrogen gas, at temperature of ± 70° C.

The purification is conducted by extraction method using chloroform as the solvent and recrystallization in n-hexane solvent. The formed compound is a clear white crystal, with melting point of 106 - 108° C and it has Mr 548.

Based on analysis using FT-IR, GC-MS, MS, UV-Vis, and element analysis, it can be estimated that the compound has a structure

The compound has a little solubility in base lubricant, that is less than 5% weight of base lubricant, the lubricant type is HVI 160'S, with the heating at temperature of± 50° C.

Performance test using Four Ball machine, indicates that the addition of Zn-ddf causes the increase of the performance with regard to Seizure Load, Weld Point, and Load Wear Index of the lubricant compared to base lubricant without Zn-ddf. However the difference in amount of Zn-ddf addition does not sufficiently indicate a significant increase in the performance of the lubricant.

Reference 27 (1978 - 1996)"

"Kanker sigmoid merupakan salah satu penyakit keganasan pada saluran gastrointestinal yang banyak dialami pada masyarakat perkotan. Kanker sigmoid dapat menyebar ke secara langsung ke organ terdekatnya seperti ovarium. Salah satu tindakan pembedahan yang dapat dilakukan adalah dengan operasi sigmoidektomi dan histerektomi. Berdasarkan jurnal terkait, pasien paska operasi sigmoidektomi dan histerektomi berisiko masing-masing sebesar 14 dan 54 untuk terjadi injuri uretra dengan gejala kelemahan pada spingter uretra sehingga dapat menyebabkan inkontinensia urine. Salah satu tindakan keperawatan yang dapat dilakukan untuk mencegah masalah tersebut ialah dengan melakukan latihan kegel. Latihan kegel yang dilkukan secara rutin dapat membantu meningkatkan kekuatan otot pelvis dan menguatkan sfingter uretra. Latihan dilakukan bertahap sebanyak 4x10 set dalam sehari. Evaluasi latihan kegel dilakukan dengan palpasi bladder untuk mengevaluasi pengosongan bladder setelah miksi. Sebelum latihan kegel dilakukan, penanganan manajemen nyeri pada pasien paska operasi harus dilakukan dengan baik terlebih dahulu agar toleransi latihan kegel tinggi sehingga latihan dapat dilakukan.

---

Sigmoid cancer is a malignancy of the gastrointestinal tract that is experienced by the urban community. Sigmoid cancer can spread directly to nearby organs such as ovary. One of the surgery choices is sigmoidectomy and hysterectomy. Based on the relevant journal, patients were treated with this method have risk of 14 and 54 respectively for urethra injury which symptoms is weakness of the urethra sphincter, resulting in urine incontinence. One of the interventions that can prevent patients from the urine incontinence is Kegel exercise. Regular exercises can help improve and strengthen control of the urethra sphincter. Exercises done gradually as 4x10 sets in a day. The evaluation of exercise using a bladder palpation to evaluate bladder emptying after micturition. Before kegel exercise is started, handling the management of pain post surgery must be performed well so that patients have a high tolerance of kegel exercises and the exercise can be done soon after surgery."

"Sistem labuh dan tambat merupakan bagian perlengkapan kapal pengangkut batu bara yang sangat penting untuk kebutuhan operasional pada saat kapal berlabuh di daerah perairan ataupun saat sandar di dermaga. Perlengkapan sistem labuh dan tambat pada kapal pengangkut batu bara harus selalu dalam kondisi yang baik untuk menunjang operasional kapal di laut atau di dermaga. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan suatu sistem yang mengatur tentang perawatan dan pemeliharaan perlengkapan sistem labuh dan tambat di kapal tersebut. Sistem pemeliharaan yang dilakukan secara berkala dan terencana dapat memperpanjang usia pakai suatu kapal dan mencegah terjadinya masalah yang dapat merugikan kapal, sehingga dapat mencegah penurunan produktivitas kapal tersebut. Hal-hal yang berkaitan dengan pemeliharaan pada semua komponen yang terdapat di suatu kapal, juga telah diatur dalam International Safety Management Code (ISM Code). Atas dasar itulah dibuat Plan Maintenance System pada peralatan di kapal. Dalam hal ini komponen-komponen peralatan sistem labuh dan tambat pada kapal pengangkut batu bara MV. Sartika Baruna yang akan dijadikan objek penelitian untuk pembuatan sistem pemeliharaan tersebut.

---

Anchor and mooring system are the part of coal carrier ship?s equipment that is vital for operational needs when ship is anchored in the areas of waters or when berth at the harbor. Anchor and mooring equipment in the coal carrier ship should be always in good condition to support the operation of ship at the sea or at the harbor. Therefore, it is necessary to have a system that regulates the maintenance of anchor and mooring in the ship. A maintenance system which is done in a regular period and well-planned can extend life-time of a ship and avoid the problems that can inhibit the ship, so decrease in productivity of the ship can be prevented. Things related to the maintenance of all components contained in a ship also have been regulated in the International Safety Management Code (ISM Code). Base on the statement above, Plan Maintenance System (PMS) is made for the equipments on ship. In this case, the components in the Anchor and Mooring System on coal carrier ship MV. Sartika Baruna will be the object of research for the production of the maintenance system."

"[Zaman kini banyak merek alat berat yang ditawarkan di Indonesia. Agartetap bisa bersaing, para distributor harus memberikan kualitas produk terbaikdengan cara yang paling efisien biaya. Telah ditemukan bahwa pada excavatorberkapasitas 20 ton, bagian yang paling sering mengalami kegagalan adalahbucket cylinder. Kegagalan menyebabkan berkurangnya efisiensi atau bahkandown time, yang akan mengakibatkan peningkatan biaya. Menyempurnakanprogram perawatan untuk bucket cylinder adalah salah satu cara untukmengurangi biaya, sehingga tetap bisa bersaing.Dalam kasus ini, metode PMO2000 bisa digunakan untuk membuatprogram perawatan yang baru untuk bucket cylinder. Pertama, program perawatansaat ini beserta data kegagalan harus disusun terlebih dahulu. Lalu metode RCAdigunakan untuk mencari sumber penyebab, yang nantinya akan digunakan untukmenentukan kegagalan apa saja yang belum ada di program perawatan saat ini.Analisa resiko lalu digunakan untuk menentukan prioritas kegagalan tersebut.Pada akhirnya, PMO2000 bisa menghasilkan program perawatan yang barudimana semua masalah ditanggulangi, dan juga memberikan tugas perawatanuntuk kemungkinan kegagalan dengan resiko tinggi., Nowadays many heavy machineries brand in Indonesia are offered. Inorder to keep being competitive, distributor has to give the best possible quality ofa product in a most cost efficient way. It is found that in a 20 ton capacityexcavator, Bucket Cylinder is one of the parts that suffer frequently from failure.Failure causes loss of efficiency or even downtime, which increases overall cost.Improving the maintenance program of the bucket cylinder is one way to reducedoverall cost, thus keeping in the competition.In this case, the PMO2000 can be used to design a new maintenanceprogram for the Bucket Cylinder. To do this, first the current maintenance planand the failure data has to be compiled. RCA is then used to look for the RootCause, which in turn will be used in determining what failures are missing fromthe current maintenance plan. Risk analysis is then used to determine the priorityof those failures. In the end, PMO2000 can give a new maintenance program thataddresses all current problems, while also giving maintenance task to possiblefailures with high risk.]"

"Kepuasan pelanggan merupakan hasil kerjasama seluruh divisi, frontline maupun supporting division. Kualitas kerjasama manajemen operasi antar divisi berfluktuasi, berakibat pada kualitas pelayanan baik internal maupun eksternal melayani pelanggan. Karena customer expected value terus berkembang dan pentingnya kerjasama antar divisi diperlukan pemetaan dan pengetahuan yang memadai mengenai kualitas kerjasama.Pada penelitian awal ditemukan fenomena collaborative workplace dalam hubungan kerja antar divisi, diketahui sering dilakukan diskusi dan kontak informal antar personal dari berbagai divisi untuk membahas permasalahan, termasuk mencari cara dan prosedur baru dalam pelaksanaan pekerjaan dan mengatasi klaim pelanggan. Karena itu menarik untuk meneliti fenomena tersebut dengan menggunakan kerangka teori collaborative workplace.Organisasi berkembang dari entrepreneurial phase ke collaboration phase. Organisasi yang masuk tahap dewasa mengalami the red-tape crisis ditandai penerapan aturan formal dan prosedur birokratis diterapkan secara universal serta hubungan kerja impersonal. Organisasi tidak efektif, ketidakpuasan meningkat, managemen melakukan breakdown birokrasi dengan tujuan control yang lebih, tidak ada gambaran yang jelas bagaiman sistem, aturan dan prosedur bekerja karena lambatnya mesin birokrasi.Ketika red-tape crisis teratasi, organisasi memasuki collaboration phase. Teamwork digunakan untuk merepersonaliti hubungan kerja, distribusi tugas terdiferensiasi, ada share responsibility ke dalam team work dan unit organisasi, pekerjaan terintegrasi secara komprehensif. Kompleksitas pembuatan aturan dan pengambilan keputusan diregulasi dan direorganisasi ke dalam team work. Manajemen fokus membangun trust-based relationship, tujuannya integrasi internal melalui sharing knowledge, sharing skill dan collaborative leadership.Collaborative workplace merupakan collaborative design yaitu desain organisasi yang memiliki kecerdasan bekerjasama daripada hanya dibatasi teknologi, spesialisasi dan membatasi keanggotaan orang dalam kelompok. Collaborative workplace memiliki lima elemen yaitu; collaborative culture, collaborative leadership, strategic vision, collaborative team proses dan collaborative structure.Fenomena collaborative workplace pada latar belakang masalah dapat menciptakan kepuasan kerja, pada saat yang sama menghasilkan kualitas pelayanan, karena itu menarik untuk meneliti situasi collaborative workplace yang terjadi. Maka pokok permasalahan yang menjadi fokus penelitian adalah; 1) Sejauh mana situasi collaborative workplace terjadi? 2) Pada level manajemen apa situasi collaborative workplace berjalan? 3) Intervensi manajemen apa yang diperlukan agar situasi collaborative workplace makin kuat? 4) Peluang apa yang dapat diraih dari situasi collaborative workplace?Analisis menggunakan teori collaborative workplace, akan tetapi karena keterbatasan yang ada hanya dilakukan pada aspek budaya atau collaborative culture. Collaborative culture menjadi dasar situasi collaborative workplace yaitu kerangka kerja dan budaya kerja baru yang menggantikan hirarki sebagai dasar kita diarahkan, diatur dan diorganisasikan. Pengorganisasian dilaksanakan secara across group teams. Prinsipnya dibangun atas penghormatan pada budaya, asumsi dasar kerja dan pemahaman pada realitas bagaimana usaha seharusnys dijalankan. Collaborative culture memiliki dasar-dasar nilai yang disebut collaborative work ethic, terdiri ; respect for people, honor and integrity, ownership and aligenment, consensus, trust based relationship full responsibility and accountability serta recognition and growth.Penelitian menggunakan metode deskriptif, objeknya hubungan kerja antar divisi, tujuannya untuk menggambarkan sifat hubungan kerja yang sedang berjalan dan memeriksa sebab-sebab dari gejala collaborative workplace, kemudian dianalisis berdasarkan kerangka teori secara kualitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui kajian pustakan, kuisioner, wawancara, dan FGD. Menggunakan purposive sampling dengan sample adalah 4 orang manager dan 10 asisten manager. Skala pengukuran yang digunakan semantic differential.Kesimpulannya menunjukan situasi collaborative workplace berada pada kategori tinggi, baik pada level asisten manager (nilai rata-rata 3,853) maupun pada level manager (nilai rata-rata 3,478) dengan selisih 0,376. Artinya nilai-nilai collaborative workplace ; respect for people; honor and integrity, ownership and aligenment, consensus, trust-ased relationship, full responsibility & accountability serta recognition and growth telah mendasari hubungan kerja namun demikian masih diperlukan sejumlah improvement dalam pelaksanaan nilai-nilai tertentu agar diperoleh peluang-peluang yang menguntungkan perusahaan.

---

Customer satisfaction resulted by a whole divisions working together. Both frontline and supporting divisions. Integration among divisions running fluctuate, the condition resulted a fluctuate service quality both internally and externally to service the customer. Because of a customer expected value growth and crucial point of divisions working together, we need a clearly map and comprehensive information about how working together quality.

On preliminary research found a collaborative workplace phenomenon in workforce relationship among divisions, informal discussion and direct contact created by personally across division and across group, to accomplishing problem and find a new rules and procedures, and how to create a responsive customer care effectively. It's interesting to research about the phenomenon through which collaborative workplace theory framework.

Organization lifecycle moves through entrepreneurial phase to collaboration phase. Mature Organization ends with the red-tape crisis, is what bureaucracy a bad name. Attempts to apply formal rules and procedures in a universal and impersonal manner create an organizational environment that becomes not only ineffective, but increasingly distasteful to workers. Things will generally worsen when management's first response to the breakdown of bureaucratic control is to implement even more control. The problem reaches crisis proportions when employees either cannot figure out how to make the system of rules and procedures work.

If the organization is to emerge the red-tape crisis it will generally proceed to a collaboration phase. During this phase the organization uses teamwork as a means of re-personalizing the organization by distributing the now over-differentiated task into more recognizable chunks and assigning shared responsibility for them to groups of individuals in ways that make work once again comprehensible. What was to complex for rule making to regulate can be reorganized into smaller unit managed from within as a teams. A greater focus on trust and collaboration is often required in these circumstances, requires a qualitative change in organizational form as well as in the integrations skill and leadership styles demanded of managers.

Collaborative workplace is a collaborative design, the objective is to create a work process in which the exact new information will emerge to enable the participants to create new knowledge, and thus to solve the problems at hand. Collaborative workplace element are; collaborative culture, collaborative leadership, strategic vision, collaborative team process and collaborative structure.

Collaborative workplace phenomenon, according to these research background create a workforce satisfaction, at the same times resulted a service quality, its interesting, than arranged a fundamental research problems as focus of this research are: 1) How far collaborative workplace climate run? 2) At what management level collaborative workplace climate run? 3) What kind management intervention needs to drive a strong collaborative workplace climate? 4) What kind opportunity will get by organization through collaborative workplace climate?

Analyzed through collaborative workplace theory framework, but restricted just only on culture aspect called collaborative culture. Collaborative culture become basic of collaborative workplace climate, that is a new cultural framework that can replace hierarchy as the basis for how we lead, manage, and organize work. This principle not only honors these fundamental assumption and our cultural heritage, but also recognizes the realities of what it take to run a business. As cultural framework for leading and managing enterprise, collaboration is a work ethic that govern human behavior in the organization across groups, team, and even companies. The core values are respect for people, honor and integrity, ownership and alignment, consensus, trust-based relationship, full responsibility and accountability and recognition and growth.

This research used descriptive method, the object's is inter divisions work relationship, the goal is to describe what like work relationship run and to analyze collaborative workplace environment, than analyzed qualitatively through theory framework. Data collecting through library research, questioner, interview, and focus group discussion (FGD). Sampling purposive used with 4 Managers and 10 Managers Assistance as respondent. Measurement scale arrangement with semantic differential.

The conclusion is collaborative workplace climate working on a highs category both of Manager Assistance level (rate value = 3,853) and Manager level (rate value = 3,478), the gap rate value 0,375. This means collaborative workplace core values; respect for people, honor and integrity, ownership and alignment, consensus, trust-based relationship, full responsibility and accountability, and recognition and growth are running well and become a foundation of work relationship but it's needed some management improvement to implement some core values through which get new opportunities for the enterprise."