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"Akreditasi perguruan tinggi adalah kegiatan penilaian untuk menentukan kelayakan suatu perguruan tinggi berdasarkan syarat kebakuan atau kriteria tertentu. Data dan informasi diperlukan pada saat persiapan akreditasi yang mana data dan informasi ini tersebar dari berbagai sistem dalam suatu lembaga perguruan tinggi. Ontologi digunakan dalam rangka untuk membantu mengoleksi data dan informasi tersebut. Pada saat pembuatan ontologi, analisis dalam proses pembuatan ontologi secara umum tidak berdasarkan goal generik yang tertulis secara eksplisit. Sedangkan pada kasus akreditasi, syarat kebakuan atau kriteria yang telah ditetapkan oleh lembaga yang berwenang bisa dipandang sebagai sebuah goal. Pengembangan ontologi pada domain akademik sebelumnya diketahui belum memanfaatkan goal pada proses analisis pembuatan ontologinya. Penelitian ini melakukan pengembangan metodologi pembuatan ontologi dengan pendekatan Goal-Oriented Requirements Engineering (GORE) sebagai bentuk pendekatan yang baru. GORE merupakan salah satu paradigma dalam Requirements Engineering yang berfokus pada penggunaan goal dalam aktivitasnya. Kerangka kerja yang dipilih pada pendekatan GORE ini adalah KAOS (Keep All Objects Satisfied). Hasil modifikasi metode pengembangan ontologi dengan pendekatan kerangka kerja KAOS menunjukkan bahwa bisa digunakan untuk melakukan pengembangan ontologi baru. Modifikasi metode ini dinamakan GOREO. Kemudian hasil modul ontologi memperlihatkan dengan jelas ketelusuran (traceability) dengan sumber dokumen dibandingkan metodologi yang belum menggunakan pendekatan dengan GORE. Selain itu terdapat proses tambahan yaitu proses penggabungan modul ontologi yang telah didapatkan sebagai konsekuensi pendekatan GORE.

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Accreditation of high education is evaluation activities for determining the appropriateness of high education institutions by a set of specific requirements or criteria. Available data and information from various systems in institutions are needed when preparing accreditation. We use ontology in order to collect data and information from various systems. At the time of making ontology, generally, the analysis in the ontology development not based on explicitly written generic goals. Whereas in the case of accreditation, a set of specific criteria that has been standardization by the accreditation authorities can be seen as goals. Previous ontology development in the academic domain known not using goals in the analysis processes. This research extends the ontology development methodology by using Goal-Oriented Requirements Engineering (GORE) as a new approach method. GORE is one of the Requirements Engineering paradigms that intended to use goals in the Requirements Engineering activity. KAOS (Keep All Objects Satisfied) framework selected for this research approach. The results of the modification of the ontology development method with the KAOS framework approach show that it can be used to develop new ontologies. Modification of this method is called GOREO. After that, the resulting ontology fragments clear showing traceability with document sources where it comes from compared to the legacy methodology. Furthermore, there is a new process that is combining the resulting ontology fragments, which are the consequences of the GORE approach method."

"Terkadang realisasi kebutuhan pengembangan aplikasi web baru sudah diimplementasikan sebagian pada aplikasi web lain. Harusnya efisiensi pengembangan dapat ditingkatkan dengan me-reuse realisasi tersebut dan mengurangi jumlah kebutuhan yang diimplementasikan dari awal. Developer menyelesaikan kasus tersebut dengan pendekatan clone-and-own yang memungkinkan penggunaan fungsionalitas suatu perangkat lunak pada perangkat lunak lain. Meskipun meningkatkan efisiensi pengembangan, namun clone-and-own menimbulkan masalah maintainability pada perangkat lunak yang sudah dikembangkan. Masalah tersebut dapat diatasi dengan pendekatan alternatif seperti paradigma software product line engineering (SPLE) yang efisiensinya dapat ditingkatkan dengan konsep multi product line (MPL). Sayangnya, SPLE dan MPL belum umum digunakan untuk mengembangkan perangkat lunak web karena kurangnya web framework yang menunjang kedua pendekatan tersebut. Hal ini yang mendasari implementasi WinVMJ framework sebagai web framework untuk mengembangkan aplikasi web dengan SPLE dan MPL. Framework ini belum menerapkan alur kerja SPLE secara menyeluruh, sehingga validitas perangkat lunak tidak terjamin. Untuk melengkapi alur kerja SPLE WinVMJ, penelitian ini mengintegrasikannya dengan FeatureIDE. Integrasi dilaksanakan dalam tiga tahap: merancang alur kerja SPLE, mendefinisikan kumpulan artefak yang diperlukan untuk pengembangan perangkat lunak, dan implementasi plugin bernama WinVMJ composer untuk memproses kumpulan artefak yang didefinisikan. Alur kerja SPLE WinVMJ berhasil dilengkapi dengan WinVMJ composer yang mampu memproses artefak dari FeatureIDE dan melakukan validasi produk secara menyeluruh. Selain itu, evaluasi WinVMJ composer juga menunjukkan adanya keunggulan penerapan MPL dan penyusunan produk dibandingkan WinVMJ framework.

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Sometimes the realization of new web application development needs has been partially implemented in other web applications. Development efficiency should be increased by reusing the realization and reducing the number of requirements implemented from scratch. Developers solve this case with a clone-and-own approach that allows using the functionality of one software on another. Although this approach improves development efficiency, clone-and-own causes maintainability issues in the developed software. This problem can be overcome by alternative approaches, such as the software product line engineering (SPLE) paradigm, whose efficiency can be increased by the multi-product line (MPL) concept. Unfortunately, SPLE and MPL are not commonly used to develop web software due to the lack of web frameworks that supports them. This issue underlies the implementation of the WinVMJ framework as a web framework for developing web applications with SPLE and MPL. This framework has not fully implemented the SPLE workflow, which causes a lack of software validity. To complete it, this research integrates it with featured. The integration is carried out in three stages: designing the SPLE workflow, defining the artifact set for software development after integration, and implementing a plugin named WinVMJ composer to process the defined artifacts set. The WinVMJ's SPLE workflow is completed with WinVMJ composer, which can process FeatureIDE's artifacts and perform thorough product validation. In addition, the evaluation of the WinVMJ composer also shows the advantages of implementing MPL and product compilation compared to the WinVMJ framework."

"The preparation of regulatory framework in the Government Work Plan/National Medium Term Development Plan has not been fully aligned with the preparation of laws and regulations in the National Legislation Plan and or Program for Preparation of Government Regulations and Presidential Regulations. The main objective of this paper is to investigate the factors that hinder the coordination mechanism for drafting regulations and emphasize the importance of realizing synergies, focusing on achieving a coordinated approach in drafting regulations. This policy research paper adopted a normative juridical analysis and a qualitative approach based on empirical data. The findings suggest that the coordination mechanism for preparing regulations is not functioning optimally due to inhibiting factors. The inhibiting factors are the lack of awareness regarding of the importance in meeting the indicators for proposing a regulatory framework and the absence of regulations that mandated sector directorates and KL (ministries/agencies) to comply with these indicators. Also there was a lack of synergy in coordinating the drafting of regulations."

"In the last few years, the cryptocurrency bitcoin has repeatedly made worldwide headlines with its fluctuations in value and the uncertainty regarding the legal framework under which it operates. While bitcoin has swiftly become the foremost example of a virtual currency, it is by no means the only one. In-game currencies and currencies used as part of a loyalty scheme are examples as of other forms of virtual currencies. Moreover, new forms of virtual currency used mainly for investment purposes—derived from cryptocurrencies such as bitcoin—are rapidly gaining hold. This book focuses on the legal aspects of virtual currencies from the perspective of financial and economic law. It establishes a typology of virtual currencies and assesses whether they can be considered as money. The author analyzes whether the EU legal frameworks on electronic money, payment services, anti-money laundering, and markets in financial instruments can be applied to virtual currencies. A functional comparison is made to the US, where more regulatory initiative has been identified. The book concludes by answering the question of whether—and how—virtual currencies should be regulated within the EU."

"Inflation Targeting Framework (ITF) dalam dua dekade terakhir semakin popular sebagai sebuah pendekatan baru dalam kebijakan moneter yang menggunakan inflasi sebagai sasaran utama kebijakan menggantikan besaran lain seperti pertumbuhan jumlah uang beredar. Namun ITF menemui banyak kritik menyangkut orientasi kebijakan yang mengutamakan stabilisasi yang menurut pengkritik akan mengorbankan pertumbuhan dan pengangguran. Atas kritik tersebut pendukung ITF menunjukkan bahwa ITF adalah kerangka kebijakan yang flexible yang dalam jangka pendek dapat merespon permasalahan output seperti di masa krisis. ITF merupakan pendekatan kebijakan yang bersifat diskresi daripada sebuah rule yang kaku. Sementara beberapa penelitian justru menunjukkan bahwa respon terhadap inflasi pada negara yang menerapkan ITF justru menurun setelah penerapan ITF. Sedangkan untuk Indonesia, yang menerapkan ITF sejak Juli 2005, bagaimana perubahan respon kebijakan moneter dengan penerapan ITF menjadi objek utama dalam penelitian ini. Penelitian menggunakan model Taylor Rule sebagai fungsi respon kebijakan moneter. Perubahan respon diukur dari perubahan parameter dalam fungsi respon kebijakan moneter yang akan diestimasi dengan model Time Varying Parameter. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan ITF di Indonesia membuat respon kebijakan moneter lebih responsif terhadap Inflasi. ITF bersifat diskresi dengan parameter respon yang berfluktuasi dari waktu ke waktu dalam periode yang diteliti.

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Inflation Targeting Framework (ITF) in the last two decades had been popular as the new framework in setting monetary policy which used inflation as nominal anchor, replacing other nominal anchor such as money growth. But its popularity was not without critics. Opponents of ITF criticized ITF to its concern on stabilization only that would sacrifice other objectives of policies: output and employment. Proponents of ITF answered the critics by arguing that ITF was a flexible framework rather than a rigid rule. It could anticipate problem of output in the short run such as during a crisis. While some researches on this field found that in some ITF countries monetary policy response to inflation tended to be lower after implementing ITF. For Indonesia which had implemented ITF since July 2005, how the changes in monetary policy responses due to ITF implementation was an object of this research. Using Taylor Rule as monetary policy responses function, changes of the response measured by changes in parameter of the model which estimated by a time varying parameter method. Evidence showed that ITF in Indonesia had changed the response of monetary policy to be more responsive to inflation than before. ITF implemented as discretion rather than a rule with monetary policy response changed over time during observed periods."