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"Penelitian ini membahas mengenai gambaran kesejahteraan subjektif tenaga kerja perempuan di kantor pusat PT Nindya Karya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan penelitian kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif yang berlangsung sejak November 2023 hingga Mei 2024. Data dalam penelitian ini didapatkan melalui analisis dokumen dan wawancara mendalam dengan sebelas informan yang ditentukan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Tenaga kerja perempuan dalam lingkup perusahaan konstruksi rentan mengalami diskriminasi dalam bentuk tekanan serta ketidaksetaraan dalam pembagian tugas pekerjaan. Hal tersebut membuat mereka rentan terdiskriminasi dalam lingkup pekerjaan, sedangkan semestinya lingkungan kerja dapat menjadi faktor yang mendukung kesejahteraan subjektif mereka. Untuk dapat melihat gambaran pemaknaan kesejahteraan subjektif tenaga kerja perempuan di PT Nindya Karya dan faktor pendukung kesejahteraan subjektif, penelitian ini menggunakan teori kesejahteraan subjektif dan faktor-faktor yang mendukung kesejahteraan subjektif yang mengacu pada. Analisis menunjukkan bahwa pemaknaan kesejahteraan subjektif tenaga kerja perempuan terbentuk melalui aspek kognitif yang berhubungan dengan kepuasan hidup (life satisfaction) dan aspek afektif yang terdiri dari afek positif dan negatif yang dapat membentuk kesejahteraan subjektif tenaga kerja perempuan di PT Nindya Karya. Pemaknaan tersebut dapat terpenuhi melalui 3 faktor pendukung yaitu faktor personal yang terdiri dari dua sub faktor yakni karakteristik diri (usia, pendapatan, status pernikahan, pendidikan, kesehatan, dan tujuan hidup) serta kondisi psikologis (harga diri dan optimisme), faktor lingkungan sosial yang meliputi dukungan sosial keluarga dan dukungan sosial lingkungan kerja, kemudian faktor spiritualitas. Hasil penelitian ini mengungkap bahwa interaksi positif antara faktor-faktor tersebut dapat membuat kesejahteraan subjektif tenaga kerja perempuan di PT Nindya Karya dapat terpenuhi.

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This research discusses subjective well-being among women workers at the head office of PT Nindya Karya. This research uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive research design, conducted from November 2023 to May 2024. The data in this study were obtained through document analysis and in-depth interviews with eleven informants selected using purposive sampling techniques. Women workers in the construction sector are vulnerable to discrimination in the form of pressure and inequality in task distribution. This makes them susceptible to discrimination within the workplace, although ideally, the work environment should support their subjective well-being. To identify and to understand the meaning of subjective well-being among women workers at PT Nindya Karya, the study utilizes theory of subjective well-being and the supporting factors of subjective well-being. The analysis reveals that the meaning of subjective well-being for women workers are shaped through cognitive aspects related to life satisfaction and affective aspects comprising positive and negative affect. These aspects together contribute to the subjective well-being of women workers at PT Nindya Karya. The fulfillment of this perception can be achieved through three supporting factors: personal factors, which include two sub-factors—self-characteristics (age, income, marital status, education, health, and life goals) and psychological conditions (self-esteem and optimism); social environmental factors, which encompass family social support and workplace social support; and spirituality factors. The results of this study reveal that positive interactions among these factors can fulfill the subjective well-being of female workers at PT Nindya Karya."

"Hidup bersama orang tua atau mertua adalah hal yang umum di Indonesia dan memengaruhi partisipasi kerja perempuan yang cenderung lebih banyak terlibat dalam pekerjaan rumah tangga dan perawatan dibandingkan laki-laki. Kehadiran orang tua/mertua di rumah tangga memberikan spillover dan crowding out effect pada partisipasi kerja perempuan menikah. Fenomena ini dapat dijelaskan melalui Teori Produksi Rumah Tangga Becker. Penelitian ini menggunakan data Susenas Tahun 2022, dan metode logistik biner serta multinomial logistik, menemukan bahwa hidup bersama orang tua/mertua meningkatkan peluang perempuan menikah untuk bekerja, bekerja di sektor formal, dan memiliki jam kerja yang panjang. Namun, hidup bersama orang tua/mertua yang membutuhkan perawatan menurunkan peluang bekerja, bekerja di sektor formal, dan mengurangi jam kerja mereka.

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Living with parents or in-laws is common in Indonesia and affects women's labor force participation, as women tend to be more involved in household chores and caregiving compared to men. The presence of parents/in-laws in the household creates spillover and crowding out effects on the labor force participation of married women. This phenomenon can be explained through Becker's Household Production Theory. Using data from the 2022 Susenas and employing binary logistic and multinomial logistic methods, this study finds that living with parents/in-laws increases the likelihood of married women working, working in the formal sector, and having excessive working hours. However, living with parents/in-laws who require care decreases the likelihood of working, working in the formal sector, and reduces their working hours."

"Skripsi ini menjelaskan bagaimana gaya hidup perempuan Amerika Serikat pada tahun 1920-an. Perkembangan industri pada awal abad 20, Perang Dunia I, dan disahkannya Amandemen ke-19 pada tahun 1920 adalah faktor-faktor yang melatarbelakangi munculnya perempuan modern pada tahun 1920-an. Sebelumnya perempuan Amerika terkurung dalam budaya Victorian yang melarang perempuan untuk memiliki kehidupan di luar lingkungan domestik. Dari penulisan ini bisa dilihat dinamika kehidupan perempuan Amerika Serikat, dari masa Victorian sekitar abad 19, awal abad 20, sampai dengan tahun 1920-an.

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The focus of this study is to describe the American women’s lifestyle in the 1920s. The industrial development in the early 20th century, World War I, and the passing of the 19th Amendment in 1920 were the factors that underlying the emergence of the modern women in the 1920s.

Previously, American women trapped in a Victorian culture that forbids women to have a life outside of the domestic environment. The main focus of the study is to explain the dynamics of the American women's life, from the Victorian period starting from the 19th century to 1920s."

"This study is aimed to investigate the prevalence and pattern ofdomestic violence against women and to identify the factors influencing thedomestic violence. Cross sectional data from married women aged I5 yearsand above from rural and urban slum areas were collected for thequantitative analysis. 'I`he study also conducted qualitative analysis withfinding obtained from selective focus group discussions. Findings from thestudy indicated that more than half of the women studied experienceddomestic violence The highest type of violence experienced by thesewomen was psychological violence and the highest percentage in form ofabuse was verbal abuse such as name calling, classified as bad girl/women,criticized, false allegation, trying to be murdered, undermining, andthreaten to be divorced. Husbands were the highest percentage as abusers,and the highest reason to abuse was due to household matters i.e. did notwork as instructed. The quantitative analysis revealed that age,socioeconomic condition, type of family, and marital satisfaction wassignificantly associated with domestic violence. This study suggested thatmedia campaign is one way to educate the community about health andsocial consequences of domestic violence, and create awareness andprevent domestic violence on women."

"The focus of this research is a problem occured in a radio segmented for and managed by women. Conducting on a female radio located in East Java-Indonesia, this research employed cultural production approach and Gramscian thoughts on hegemony. The result shows that working women experienced various conflict over their existence as media workers. At institutional as well as societal level, as they decided to go into media industry, these women had to face media condition which is masculine and capitalistic in nature. This condition puts up women workers to follow the logic of capitalism which will certainly exploit them."