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"Private transfer have important role in economic landscape. Unlike in developed countries, many people in developing countries must depend on financial transfer from their children as main of old-age support. Therefore, transfer from children replaces the function of social security institution that insure elderly to enjoy smoothing consumption over his or her remain lifetime. Therefore, parents finance human capital investment to their children and, in return, children repay their loan by providing support (in form monetary transfer) for their parents. This article aimsto examine the role of level education of children, intensity of contact and geographic proximity on intergenerational transfer, especially income transfer from children, using data from Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS). By controlling for any characteristics of children (i.e., age, gender and marital status) and characteristics of parent (activity, parent's education and health status), the results show that education of children has significant and systematic effect on child-to-parent income transfer, i.e: the higher education level, the higher amount of transfer. Additionally, both money transfer and commodity base transfer have significant relationship with parent's regularly activity. To some extent, these findings are consistent with idea that children area the important source of old-age support security, especially in developing countries."

"Tesis ini membahas dampak program Kredit Usaha Rakyat terhadap pendapatan dan konsumsi rumah tangga tahun 2008-2011. Data FSAM 2005 digunakan penulis dengan tujuan untuk menangkap dampak kesejahteraan untuk rumah tangga serta siapa yang paling diuntungkan oleh program tersebut. Untuk menjelaskan dampak tersebut, penelitian menggunakan analisis multiplier serta dekomposisi pengganda guna mengetahui sektor yang memberikan dampak terbesar.Hasilnya, sektor utama yang memiliki income multiplier terbesar untuk empat tipe rumah tangga cenderung seragam meski memiliki urutan yang berbeda yaitu sektor pertanian formal dan informal, pertambangan informal, sektor jasa formal dan perdagangan, hotel dan restoran formal. Sedangkan polapola pengeluaran rumah tangga untuk komoditas bisa dikelompokkan dalam empat besar yakni pertanian, manufacturing, keuangan dan jasa. Rumah Tangga Miskin terbesar mengeluarkan pendapatannya untuk komoditas manufacturing, pertanian, jasa dan keuangan.Penelitian ini juga melakukan simulasi kebijakan untuk menjelaskan dampak total pasca shock KUR sebesar Rp 62,9 triliun kucuran dana KUR selama empat tahun. Hasilnya, semua tipe rumah tangga mendapatkan keuntungan dari KUR. Tetapi rumah tangga desa tidak miskinlah yang mendapatkan penerimaan terbesar yakni 10,43 kali lipat pendapatannya dibanding rumah tangga desa miskin 9,37.

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The focus of this study is to measure the impact Kredit Usaha Rakyat (KUR) on household incomes and consumption in 2008-2011. FSAM 2005 data was used to capture the impact of welfare for the household and which household gain the most benefit from the program. Multiplier and decomposition multiplier analysis were used to determine sector impact for four type of household.

Major finding are KUR will rising income and consumption for all type household. If KUR channeled to sector with big income multiplier may result more impact for targeted household. Those sector are agriculture (formal and informal sector), mining (informal), trade, hotel and restaurant (formal).

Result after simulation shows that after injection KUR Rp 12 trillion (2008) will rising income for rural unpoor household 10,39 times from initial. But rural poor household only rise their income by 9,34 times."