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"Tulisan ini membahas pengaruh subsidi terhadap konsumsi beras, Dengan menggunakan model keseimbangan umum, rumah tangga dibagi ke dalam 10 kelompok menurut dampak kebijakan distribusi yang dilakukukan. Dalam analisa ditunjukkan bahwa model keseimbangan umum dengan nama WAYANG ini, dapat diketahui pengaruh kebijaksanaan yang ditempuh terhadap drstribusi (pemerataan) maitpun terhadap perekonomian secara keseluruhan. Di samping itu ditujukan pula pengaruh hubungan antara tingkat intervensi kebijaksanaan terhadap kesejahtraan."

"Industri nasional mengalami perlambatan pertumbuhan dan rendahnya daya saing yang diduga disebabkan oleh harga gas bumi yang tinggi. Pemerintah melakukan intervensi pada harga gas bumi melalui Kebijakan Harga Gas Bumi Tertentu (HGBT) sebagaimana diatur pada Perpres No. 121 Tahun 2020 tentang Penetapan Harga Gas Bumi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak dari Kebijakan HGBT pada perekonomian nasional dengan mempertimbangkan penurunan penerimaan negara sebagai kompensasi atas turunnya harga gas bumi pada industri. Dengan menggunakan model CGE, analisis dilakukan pada berbagai indikator perekonomian. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa terdapat penurunan GDP dalam jangka pendek sebesar 0,076% dan kenaikan GDP dalam jangka panjang sebesar 0,004%.

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National industry is facing slowing growth and low competitiveness, which is thought to be caused by high natural gas prices. Government intervenes in natural gas prices through the Certain Natural Gas Price Policy or “Kebijakan HGBT” as regulated in Presidential Regulation No. 121 of 2020 concerning Natural Gas Price Determination. This study aims to analyze the impact of HGBT Policy on the national economy by considering the decline in state revenues as compensation for the decline in natural gas prices in the industry. Using CGE model, analysis is carried out on various economic indicators. The results of the analysis show that there is a decrease in GDP in the short term by 0.076% and an increase in GDP in the long term by 0.004%."

"Dalam rangka menurunkan impor yang mengakibatkan tingginya alokasi anggaran subsidi LPG, pemerintah mengembangkan produksi DME sebagai substitusi LPG untuk bahan bakar memasak rumah tangga dan industri. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji dampak penggunaan DME terhadap perekonomian Indonesia, dengan menggunakan metode CGE dan data SAM 2019. Berdasarkan hasil simulasi berupa shock: (i) Penurunan impor LPG dan (ii) Realokasi anggaran penghematan subsidi, kebijakan penggunaan DME akan berdampak positif pada perekonomian, memicu pertumbuhan produktivitas berbagai sektor serta mendorong penyerapan tenaga kerja namun hanya di jangka pendek. Hasil kajian di jangka panjang menunjukkan implikasi yang negatif meskipun secara persentase sangat rendah dan tidak signifikan.

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In order to reduce imports and high budget allocation for LPG subsidies, government developed DME production as a substitute for LPG. This study aims to examine the impact of DME using on Indonesian economy, using CGE method and 2019 SAM data. Based on 2 shocks simulation: (i) Decrease in LPG imports and (ii) Reallocation of subsidy savings budget, using DME policy will have positives impact on the economy, trigger productivity growth in various sectors and encourage employment, but only in the short term. Results in the long term show negative implications, which the percentage is very low and not significant."

"Penelitian ini menganalisis implementasi kebijakan pajak karbon menggunakan model Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) di Indonesia. Penelitian mengkaji tiga skenario pajak karbon: rendah (Rp30.000/ton), sedang (Rp152.500/ton), dan tinggi (Rp270.000/ton), dengan batas emisi 500.000 ton CO2 dari 99 PLTU atau hanya 0,076% dari total emisi sektor energi sebesar 658,2 juta ton CO2. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pajak karbon tinggi menghasilkan dampak paling signifikan, dengan penurunan investasi sebesar -0,000667% atau Rp41,46 miliar, kenaikan penerimaan pajak sebesar 0,031927% atau Rp130,46 miliar, dan penurunan tabungan pemerintah sebesar 0,000832% atau Rp4,54 miliar. Meskipun total pendapatan meningkat sebesar 0,000729% atau Rp135 miliar, konsumsi mengalami penurunan sebesar -0,000667% atau Rp72,27 miliar. Kebijakan ini menunjukkan kenaikan harga jual 0,000667% atau Rp135 miliar dan menciptakan ruang fiskal melalui peningkatan anggaran pemerintah. Penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa implementasi pajak karbon tinggi secara efektif menyeimbangkan tujuan pengurangan emisi dengan pertumbuhan ekonomi, meskipun saat ini cakupannya masih terbatas.

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This study analyzes the implementation of carbon tax policy using a Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model in Indonesia. The research examines three carbon tax scenarios: low (IDR 30,000/ton), medium (IDR 152,500/ton), and high (IDR 270,000/ton), with an emission cap of 500,000 tons CO2 from 99 power plants, representing only 0.076% of total energy sector emissions of 658.2 million tons CO2. Results show that the high carbon tax yields the most significant impacts, with investment decreasing by -0.000667% or IDR 41.46 billion, tax revenue rising by 0.031927% or IDR 130.46 billion, and government savings decreasing by 0.000832% or IDR 4.54 billion. While total income grows by 0.000729% or IDR 135 billion, consumption decreases by -0.000667% or IDR 72.27 billion. The policy demonstrates an increase in sales price (0.000667% or IDR 135 billion) and creates fiscal space through increased government budget. The study concludes that implementing high carbon tax effectively balances emission reduction goals with economic growth, despite the current limited coverage."

"This advanced textbook aims at providing a simple but fully operational introduction to applied general equilibrium. General equilibrium is the backbone of modern economic analysis and as such generation after generation of economics students are introduced to it. As an analytical tool in economics, general equilibrium provides one of the most complete views of an economy since it incorporates all economic agents (households, firms, government, foreign sector) in an integrated way that is compatible with microtheory and microdata. The integration of theory and data handling is required for successful modeling but it requires a double ability that is not found in standard books. With this book we aim at filling the gap and provide advanced students with the required tools, from the building of consistent and applicable general equilibrium models to the interpretation of the results that ensue from the adoption of policies. The topics include: model design, model development, computer code examples, calibration and data adjustments, practical policy examples. "

"The economic theory of general equilibrium underpins the most important models used in economic theory in general and in its more specialized areas such as macroeconomics, international trade, environmental economics, growth theory, and developmental economics. In Foundations of the Theory of General Equilibrium, leading academic scholar, Yves Balasko offers a good introduction to the economic theory of general equilibrium and makes use of various mathematical tools as intuitive and easy as possible. The second half of the book addresses properties of the general equilibrium model that are still at the frontier of current research. These properties deal with the characterization of economies with a unique equilibrium and, more generally, with the relationships between the number of equilibria and the fundamentals of an econom"