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"Skripsi ini membahas mengenai pengaturan pasar luar bursa (over the counter) khususnya dalam lingkup pasar derivatif luar bursa. Di Indonesia transaksi atas pasar derivatif luar bursa difasilitasi oleh Sistem Perdagangan Alternatif yang difasilitasi oleh pihak Bursa Berjangka. Latar belakang dilakukannya komitmen bersama negara anggota G-20 atas over the counter derivatives market reform, awalnya disebabkan oleh krisis finansial Amerika Serikat pada tahun 2008 dimana salah satu faktornya ialah perdagangan atas CDS (Credit Default Swap) dan CDO (Collateral Debt Obligation) di pasar derivatif luar bursa. Dengan tujuan pembentukan pasar derivatif luar bursa yang lebih transparan dan efisien, G-20 OTC derivatives market reform diawasi perkembangan pelaksanaannya oleh Financial Stability Board (FSB) dan IOSCO dengan time frame tertentu untuk tiap aspeknya. Aspek yang diperlukan pembaharuan dalam skripsi ini penulis bagi menjadi 4 macam yaitu: Central Counterparty, Organized Platform Trading, Standardized Product, dan Trade Repository. Penulisan ini dibuat untuk melihat sudah sejauh mana Indonesia sebagai anggota G-20 melakukan implementasi atas OTC Derivatives Market Reform dibandingkan dengan negara anggota lainnya seperti Amerika Serikat, Uni Eropa, dan Jepang.

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This thesis discussed on regulation of the OTC (over the counter) transaction especially in a scope of OTC derivatives. In Indonesia, for OTC derivatives trading are held outside the main platform and facilitated by the future exchange called ?sistem perdagangan alternatif?. One of the issues background of commitment made by G-20 to reforming the OTC market derivatives reform, was financial crisis that happened in 2008 caused by the unregulated OTC derivatives transaction like CDS (Credit Default Swap) and CDO (Collateral Debt Obligation). With the aims and goals for the greater OTC derivatives market, G-20 OTC derivatives market reform supervised by the Financial Stability Board (FSB) and International Organization of Securities Commission (IOSCO) with the time frame objective for certain aspect of reforming target. The aspects that writer researched are include: trade repository, central counterparty, standardized product, and organized platform trading for OTC derivatives market."

"Peranan Central Counter Party (CCP) dalam transaksi keuangan terutama di pasar derivatif menjadi perhatian dan komitmen negara anggota G20 termasuk Indonesia untuk diimplementasikan karena terjadinya krisis global pada tahun 2008-2010. Derivatif memiliki peran penting sebagai alternatif investasi dan pendanaan serta sebagai sarana lindung nilai (hedging) bagi investor terhadap risiko perubahan harga aset keuangan yang tidak dapat diprediksi sehingga menempatkan investor dalam posisi rugi (loss). Namun, derivatif juga bisa berdampak negatif dalam hal pelaksanaannya dilakukan secara tidak wajar sehingga bisa berdampak pada stabilitas keuangan dan kerugian investor. Implementasi komitmen pendirian CCP derivatif direalisasikan Bank Indonesia dengan menerbitkan regulasi pada tahun 2019 yang mengatur CCP untuk Transaksi Derivatif Suku Bunga dan Nilai Tukar (CCP SBNT). Pendirian CCP SBNT yang berada dalam lingkup pasar uang memiliki tantangan tersendiri, baik dari sisi pendanaan maupun penyediaan sumber daya manusia yang memadai, sehingga salah satu pilihan yang mungkin dijajaki dalam pendirian CCP SBNT adalah menggunakan infrastruktur pasar keuangan yang telah tersedia saat ini, seperti infrastruktur PT Kliring Penjaminan Efek Indonesia (KPEI) dimana tugas dan fungsi KPEI berdasarkan undang-undang pasar modal adalah sebagai CCP di pasar modal. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode yuridis normatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara prinsip KPEI memiliki dasar hukum yang jelas berdasarkan ketentuan di bidang pasar uang dan pasar modal serta KPEI dapat memenuhi persyaratan yang ditentukan oleh Bank Indonesia untuk berperan sebagai CCP SBNT. Namun demikian, tentunya peran KPEI sebagai CCP SBNT yang akan diatur dan diawasi Bank Indonesia akan memiliki cross cutting issues dengan sektor pasar modal mengingat secara kelembagaan dasarnya KPEI merupakan CCP pasar modal yang tunduk pada beberapa aspek pengaturan di pasar modal. Oleh karena itu, hasil penelitian ini juga menyarankan perlunya Bank Indonesia melakukan koordinasi dengan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan agar setiap pengaturan dan pengawasan yang dilakukan dapat berjalan secara harmonis serta tidak terjadi tumpang tindih dengan kewenangan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan.

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The role of the Central Counter Party (CCP) in financial transactions, especially in the derivatives market, is the concern and commitment of G20 member countries including Indonesia to be implemented due to the global crisis in 2008-2010. Derivatives have an important role as an alternative investment and funding as well as hedging for investors against the risk of changes in the price of financial assets that can’t be predicted so that puts investors in a loss position. However, derivatives can also have a negative impact if the implementation is done improperly so that it has an impact on financial stability and investor losses.

The establishment of a derivative CCP was implemented by Bank Indonesia by issuing a regulation in 2019 governing the CCP for Interest and Exchange Rate Derivative Transactions (CCP SBNT). The establishment of the CCP SBNT within the scope of the financial market has its own challenges, both in terms of funding and the provision of adequate human resources, so that one of the options that might be explored in establishing the CCP SBNT is to use financial market infrastructure that is currently available, such as PT Kliring Penjaminan Efek Indoensia (KPEI) where the duties and functions of KPEI based on capital market law are as CCP in the capital market. This research is conducted using legal normative method.

The result from this research shows that in principal, KPEI has a clear legal standing based on the capital market and money market provisions, and is able to fulfill the requirements set by Bank Indonesia to act as CCP SBNT. Nevertheless, the role of KPEI as CCP SBNT which will be regulated and supervised by Bank Indonesia will have cross cutting issues with sectors in capital market because KPEI is mainly a capital market CCP, which is regulated in many aspects by capital market law. Therefore, this research suggests that Bank Indonesia to coordinate with Otoritas Jasa Keuangan so that all regulating and supervising activities by Bank Indonesia and Otoritas Jasa Keuangan could be carried out in harmony and do not contradict each other."

"ABSTRACTObjectives: To examine the influence of pharmacists demographic characteristics on dispensing antibiotics purchased with and without a prescription in the community pharmacies.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 24 randomly-selected community pharmacies located in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emiratesbetween March and September 2009. Data were collected through a closed-structured questionnaire and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences Version 17. Descriptive statistics, odds ratios, significance and 95% CI and logistic regression analyses were then used to analyze the resulting data.Results: Participating pharmacists conducted a total of 1645 antibiotic transactions (1211 [73.6%] dispensed with prescriptions versus and 434 [26.4%] without). Gender and socioeconomic status of the patients hada significant effect in acquiring antibiotics without prescription (p=0.012, p=0.001). Clarithromycin (91.5%), cefuroxime (91.3%), and co-amoxiclav(66.4%) were dispensed with prescription. Ceftriaxone (53.3%), amoxicillin (47.8%) and co-amoxiclav (33.6%) were dispensed without prescription. Dispensing of antibiotics with prescription were frequently given a 5,7, or 10 day regimen, while those without prescription were frequently given 3-7 days duration. Co-amoxiclav for sore throat was commonly dispensed without prescription. Ceftriaxone for sexually transmitted diseases was dispensed at a similar rate, both with and without prescription.Conclusions: Dispensing antibiotic without prescription is illegal and alarming. Patient interviews and interventions to improve the current prescribing pattern for both prescribers and pharmacists are highlywarranted."

"Skripsi ini membahas tentang transaksi di luar bursa (over the counter) atas saham perusahaan yang tercatat di BEI. Pembahasan menekankan pada analisa terhadap pengawasan dan penegakan hukum atas tindak pidana pasar modal yang dilakukan oleh Bapepam-LK, sebagaimana tugas dan fungsi yang diemban berdasarkan pasal 3 UU No. 8/1995. Analisa dibatasi pada pengawasan dan penegakan hukum yang dilakukan oleh Bapepam-LK pada kurun waktu 2005¬2010. Kelemahan pengawasan dan penegakan hukum pada kurun waktu tersebut berawal dari kelemahan pengaturan dan pelaksanaan fungsi oleh Bapepam-LK yang kemudian menimbulkan permasalahan lebih lanjut pada pengaturan dan praktek di tingkat SRO, yaitu antara BEI dan KSEI.

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Abstract

This thesis discusses about over the counter transactions of company listed stock on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, particulary analyzing the surveillance and law enforcement on capital market crimes performed by Bapepam-LK as duties and functions carried under Article 3 of Act no. 8 / 1995. The analysis is limited to surveillance and law enforcement by Bapepam-LK in the period 2005-2010. The weakness of surveillance and law enforcement in this period came from the weakness of regulation and execution of functions by the Bapepam-LK, which led to further problems in regulation and practice in the SRO level, between BEI and KSEI."

"Praktik Kerja Profesi Apoteker di Apotek Roxy Jagakarsa bertujuan untuk menelaah faktor penyebab terjadinya kekosongan produk OTC di Apotek Roxy Jagakarsa dan menganalisis strategi untuk mengatasi kekosongan produk OTC di Apotek Roxy Jagakarsa. Metode pelaksanaan penyusunan tugas khusus dilakukan dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif yang bersifat kualitatif, yang berfokus pada jumlah produk Over The Counter (OTC) yang mengalami kondisi out of stock. Data hasil pengkajian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 92 jenis obat yang mengalami kondisi "Out Of Stock" di Apotek Roxy Jagakarsa. Faktor-faktor penyebab kekosongan stok meliputi lead time yang lambat dalam pengiriman obat, keterbatasan ketersediaan jenis obat paten tertentu, kesalahan dalam pengiriman obat, kerusakan obat selama proses pendistribusian, dan penghentian produksi oleh produsen (discontinue). Strategi yang digunakan untuk mengatasi kekosongan stok meliputi proses substitusi, di mana obat yang tidak tersedia digantikan dengan obat yang memiliki kandungan yang sama dan tersedia dalam stok apotek.

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Pharmacist Professional Work Practices at the Roxy Jagakarsa Pharmacy aims to examine the factors that cause avoidance of OTC products at the Roxy Jagakarsa Pharmacy and analyze strategies to overcome the lack of OTC products at the Roxy Jagakarsa Pharmacy. The method for carrying out special preparation tasks is carried out using a type of qualitative descriptive research, which focuses on the number of Over The Counter (OTC) products that are out of stock. Data from the study shows that there are 92 types of medicines that are in an "Out Of Stock" condition at the Roxy Jagakarsa Pharmacy. Factors causing stock shortages include slow lead times in drug delivery, limited availability of certain types of patented drugs, errors in drug delivery, drug damage during the distribution process, and production permits by manufacturers (discontinued). The strategy used to overcome stock shortages includes a substitution process, where drugs that are not available are replaced with drugs that have the same content and are available in pharmacy stock."

"Akhir-akhir ini terdapat prevalensi swamedikasi yang tinggi terkait penggunaan obat over the counter (OTC) di kalangan mahasiswa. Swamedikasi tanpa pengetahuan yang tepat dapat berbahaya. Penelitian ini mengevaluasi tindakan tersebut di kalangan mahasiswa Ilmu Perpustakaan Universitas Indonesia dikarenakan mereka dibekali kemampuan literasi informasi dalam memilah informasi. Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menilai tingkat pengetahuan dan praktik swamedikasi mahasiswa serta untuk mengidentifikasi perilaku pencarian informasi mahasiswa terkait obat OTC. Kuesioner online didistribusikan kepada seluruh mahasiswa Ilmu Perpustakaan Universitas Indonesia angkatan 2020 sampai 2023. Dengan teknik stratified sampling di tiap angkatan, terjaring total responden berjumlah 180 orang. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas responden memiliki pengetahuan yang memadai tentang obat OTC dan mengakses informasi dari sumber yang dianggap kredibel. Selain itu, ditemukan 91,2% responden melakukan swamedikasi, dan 90,6% di antara mereka secara proaktif memeriksa informasi pada kemasan obat. Fenomena ini menandakan kesadaran yang tinggi, namun juga menunjukkan kecenderungan swamedikasi yang kuat di antara mahasiswa. Kesimpulan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa mahasiswa Ilmu Perpustakaan UI memiliki tingkat prevalensi swamedikasi yang tinggi dan sebagian besar memiliki pengetahuan dan praktik yang baik terkait obat OTC. Penelitian ini diharapkan berkontribusi dalam meningkatkan literasi kesehatan untuk mengurangi praktik swamedikasi berisiko dan mendukung penggunaan obat OTC yang lebih aman.

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Recently, there has been a high prevalence of self-medication with over-the-counter (OTC) drugs among students. Self-medication without proper knowledge can be dangerous. This study evaluates such practices among Library Science students at Universitas Indonesia due to their information literacy skills in discerning information. The primary objective of this study is to assess the students' knowledge and self-medication practices and to identify their information-seeking behavior regarding OTC drugs. An online questionnaire was distributed to all Library Science students from the 2020 to 2023 cohorts. Using stratified sampling within each cohort, a total of 180 respondents were obtained. The results indicate that the majority of respondents have adequate knowledge about OTC drugs and access information from credible sources. Additionally, 91.2% of respondents engage in self-medication, and 90.6% of them proactively check information on the drug packaging. This phenomenon indicates a high level of awareness but also shows a strong tendency for self-medication among students. The study concludes that Library Science students at Universitas Indonesia have a high prevalence of self-medication and most possess good knowledge and practices regarding OTC drugs. This research aims to contribute to enhancing health literacy to reduce risky self-medication practices and support safer use of OTC dru"

"When women seek reliable information about the relative value and performance of specific beauty products, they consult Paula Begoun. From drug stores and home shopping to department stores and catalogs, Paula Begoun reviews all of the major cosmetic and skin care lines — more than 25,000 including 75 new product lines in this edition."