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"Hasil penelitian mengenai default risk dengan menggunakan data saham di Amerika oleh Vassalou dan Xing (2004) secara empirik membuktikan bahwa ada hubungan yang positif antara default risk dengan return saham. Sedangkan, hasil riset dari Gharghori, Chan, Faff. (2009) di Australia dengan menggunakan data Australia membuktikan bahwa antara default risk dengan return saham tidak ada hubungan yang positif. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode perhitungan default risk yang dipakai oleh Vassalou dan Xing (2004) yang merupakan pengembangan dari Option based Black-Scholes-Metode Merton (1974). Hasil penelitian dengan menggunakan data saham ASEAN memberikan hasil tidak ada hubungan yang positif antara default risk dan return saham. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa di wilayah ASEAN default risk tidak memberikan hasil positif terhadap return saham

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Vassalou dan Xing (2004) emprical result on default risk in equity returns research in American stocks stated positive relationship between default risk in equity returns. Meanwhile Gharghori, Chan, Faff. (2009) researched on Australian stocks stated negative relationship between default risk in equity returns. This study follows default risk calculation method by Vassalou dan Xing (2004) as further development of Option based Black-Scholes-Metode Merton (1974). Research results on ASEAN stocks market there is negative relationship between default risk and equity returns"

"Patients today expect their every last ache and pain to be immediately cataloged and cured. They want the pill they just saw advertised, or the latest, greatest procedure. Many doctors, reluctant to tell patients that waiting or doing nothing is often better, are all too willing to accommodate. As a result, we are becoming a nation of over-diagnosed and over-treated people. But how can we know how much medicine is good medicine? And how do we know which treatments might actually work? In "More Harm Than Good", Michael Bellomo and Dr. Alan Zelicoff offer a compelling look at medical care today and explore how common conditions like prostate cancer, heart disease, and diabetes are being over-treated, wasting billions of healthcare dollars and producing less than ideal, if not detrimental results.The authors arm readers with the facts and questions they need to better discuss options with their doctors, and examine the way doctors select treatments in the first place. Based on solid scientific and medical research as well as interviews with surgeons, internists, and general practitioners, "More Harm Than Good" will empower readers to make better health decisions. Revealing and impeccably researched, this is a revolutionary book that will change how we look at being sick."

"Seiring dengan diluncurkannya Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) yang berisi saham-saham yang memenuhj prinsip syariah di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEl) maka peluang investasi dalam pasar modal menjadi terbuka bagi umat Islam. Umat Islam dapat melalrukan transaksi terbadap saham m melalui mekanisme perrlagangan yang telah ditetapkan oleh Badan Pengawas Pasar Modal dan Lembaga Keuangan (BAPEPAM-LK). Melalui Dokumen Master Plan Pasar Modal Indonesia 2005-2009, BAPEPAM-LK menjadikan online trading sebagai salah satu strategi untuk: meningkatkan peran serta masyarakat dalam berinvestasi di pasar modal mengingat prosentase pelaku pasar modal di Indonesia tergolongmasih rendah jika dibandingkan dengan negara tetangga.Dalam melakukan perdagangan di pasar modamasyru-alcal mengenal dua kelompok pelaku pasar yaitu trader dan investor. Saiah satu perbedaan dari keduanya terletak pada holding period atau periode menahan sualu saham sebelum kemudian dijual kembali Meskipun terdapat biaya transakel yang tidak kecil penggunaan online trading dipercaya akan mendorong semakin singkatnya holding period yang pendak. Penelitian ini membandingkan retwn dan risikosejumlah saham yang pensah tercatat dalam m mulai tahun 2005 sampai 2009berrlasarkan kelompok holding period dan trend pasar apabila ditransaksikandengan menggunakan online trading.Basil porhitungan teriladap 48 saham m memmjukkan bahwa holding period investor yang terdiri dari periode 2 bulan, 3 bulan dan 6 bulan memberikan return yang lebih besar dibandingkan dengan holding period trader yang bemnggotakan holding period I bari, 2 mlnggu dan 3 minggu. Seba!iknya risiko pada holding period investor terbukti lebih kecil dibendingkan dangan holding period tl1lder. Kondi•i ini berlaku beik unluk seluruh poriode pengamatan, ketika

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Invesment opportunities in the capital marl<:& is open to Musiims along with the release of Jakarta Islamic Index (ill).The index contains stocks that meet the principles ofsharia in Indonesian Stock Exchange (BEl). Eventually, Muslims can perform transactions on the Jll stock through tmding mechanism estabiished by the Supervisory Agency of Capital Market and Financial Institution (BAPEPAM-LK).Through the Capital Market Master Plan Document 2005-2009, BAPEPAM-LK make online trading as a strategy to enhance the role of the community in the capital markets investment because of percentage of market actors in Indonesian is still low when compared with neighboring countries.

In trading on capital markets, peop1e recognize two groups of market actors such as traders and investors. One of the differences of the two is the holding period or period of holding a stock before it been sold. Despite there is · transaction fees while using online trading but it is believed to shorten holding period. This researeb compares the return and the risk of a stock that bas bean listed in the m from 2005 to 2009 based on the gronp's holding period and market trends when transacted trough online trading.

The calculation of the 48 m stocks show that the investor holding period consisting of period two months, three months and six months to provide a greater return than tbe traders holding period consist of holding period a day, two weeks and three weeks.On tbe other hand the risk in investor holding period proved to he small compered to trade111 holding period.This coodition occurs for the whole period of observation, when the market experienced a uptrend, downtrend or sideway. Fnrther testing showed that no significant dlfrerenoes on return of Investor holding period group members, it is concluded that return of two months holding period is same ro return of three montha and six months holding period."

"Tesis ini bertujuan untuk: (1) menguji pengaruh risiko kredit, risiko pasar, risiko operasional, serta risiko likuiditas terhadap imbal hasil saham perbankan Indonesia yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek >Indonesia tahun 2007-2011, (2) menguji pengaruh krisis subprime mortgage di Amerika Serikat terhadap imbal hasil saham perbankan Indonesia yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia >tahun 2007-2011. Metode penelitian menggunakan analisis regresi model data panel. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap 20 saham perbankan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) dari keempat faktor risiko, terdapat tiga faktor risiko yang berpengaruh signifikan dengan arah negatif terhadap imbal hasil saham, yaitu risiko kredit, risiko pasar, dan risiko likuiditas, sedangkan risiko operasional berpengaruh signifikan dengan arah positif terhadap imbal hasil saham, (2) tidak ada pengaruh signifikan krisis subprime mortgage terhadap imbal hasil saham perbankan di Indonesia.

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This thesis aims to: (1) examine the effect of credit risk, market risk, operational risk, and liquidity risk against returns Indonesian banking stocks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during  2007-2011, (2) examine the effect of the subprime mortgage crisis in the United States against returns Indonesian banking stocks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during  2007-2011. The research method using panel data regression analysis models. Research conducted on 20 banks sample.

The results showed that: (1) of the four risk factors, there are three significant factors influencing risk with negative direction of the stock returns, i.e. credit risk, market risk, and liquidity risk, while operational risk has significantly affect with positive direction of the stock returns, (2) there was no significant effect of the subprime mortgage crisis to the stock returns of banks in Indonesia."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan Risk-Return Trade Off antara excess return kondisional dengan volatilitas excess return kondisional pada bursa saham di Indonesia dan melihat pengaruh Flight to Safety pada hubungan diatas. Penelitian ini menggunakan proxy saham IHSG sebagai aset berisiko dan proxy obligasi pemerintah berupa INDOBeX Gov dan Obligasi Pemerintah Indonesia 10 Tahun sebagai aset yang dianggap lebih aman. Dalam penelitan ini ditemukan hubungan negatif pada risk-return trade off pada Bursa Saham Indonesia yang mengindikasikan bahwa semakin besar volatilitas excess return bursa saham IHSG maka semakin kecil excess return yang akan diperoleh. Selain itu, ditemukan juga hubungan negatif antara indeks Flight to Safety (baik menggunakan INDOBeX Gov maupun Obligasi Pemerintah Indonesia 10 Tahun) terhadap excess return bursa IHSG. Hal ini mengimplikasikan bahwa apabila ditemukan indikasi Flight to Safety dari pasar saham, maka semakin kecil excess return yang akan diperoleh. Pada akhirnya, hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa adanya indikasi fenomena Flight to Safety turut memperkuat hubungan negatif Risk-Return Trade Off yang ditemukan sebelumnya.

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This study aims to analyze the relationship between Risk-Return Trade Off between conditional excess return and conditional excess return volatility on the stock exchange in Indonesia and see the effect of Flight to Safety on the relationship above. This study uses a stock proxy in the form of IHSG as a risky asset and a government bond proxy in the form of INDOBeX Gov and a 10-year Indonesian Government Bond as assets that are considered safer. In this research found a negative relationship on the risk-return trade off on the Indonesia Stock Exchange which indicates that the greater the volatility of the stock index's excess return volatility, the smaller the excess return to be obtained. In addition, a negative relationship was found between the Flight to Safety index (both using INDOBeX Gov and the 10-Year Indonesian Government Bond) to the excess return of the IHSG. This implies that if an indication of Flight to Safety is found from the stock market, the smaller excess return will be obtained. In the end, the results of this study indicate that an indication of the Flight to Safety phenomenon also strengthens the negative relationship between Risk-Return Trade Off found earlier."

"Modeling the correlation of assets returns volatilities across different markets or segments of amarket has practical value for portfolio selection and diversification, market regulation, and riskmanagement. This paper therefore evaluates the nature of time-varying correlation between volatilitiesof stock market and crude oil returns in Nigeria using Dynamic Conditional Correlation-GeneralisedAutoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (DCC-GARCH) model. Results from DCCGARCH(1,1) model show evidence of volatility clustering and persistence in Nigeria stock marketand crude oil returns. The results also show that there is no dynamic conditional correlation in ARCHeffects between stock market returns and crude oil prices in Nigeria. The results further show thatthere is strong evidence of time-varying volatility correlation between stock market and crude oilreturns volatility. The findings will help shape policy-making in risk management and market regulationin Nigeria."