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"Indonesia bertujuan untuk menjadi negara berpenghasilan tinggi pada tahun 2045 yang mengharuskan negara untuk mentransformasi perekonomiannya. Salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan sektor manufaktur adalah dengan menggunakan penanaman modal asing. Selain itu, penanaman modal asing diyakini dapat mentransfer teknologi ke negara penerima. Dengan menggunakan fixed effect, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa teknologi transfer investasi asing langsung ke Indonesia terlihat pada tingkat produktivitas yang lebih tinggi. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa tenaga kerja, produksi, dan modal sebagai saluran mekanisme transfer teknologi di Indonesia. Selain itu, inovasi memengaruhi transfer teknologi sementara tidak terdapat bukti yang kuat untuk mendukung dampak dari penelitian dan pengembangan.

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Indonesia aims to be a high-income country in 2045, which requires it to transform its economy. One of the ways is by increasing the manufacturing sector using foreign direct investment. In addition, foreign direct investment is believed to transfer technology to the receiving country. By using fixed effect, this study found that foreign direct investment transfer technology to Indonesia which is seen in higher productivity levels. This research discovered that employment, production, and capital as the channel of transfer technology in Indonesia. Furthermore, innovation is found to affect technology transfer, while no evidence is found to support the impact of research and development."

"Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) sebagai sumber pembiayaan pembangunan ekonomi saat ini menjadi sebuah trend. Sebagian besar Negara-negara berkembang berkompetisi menarik FDI karena diyakini bahwa FDI, sebagai investasi di sektor rill melalui pembangunan pabrik, industri, dan lain-Iain, bisa memberikan kontribusi yang signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi negara. Salah satu faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap FDI ialah faktor makroekonomi. Penelitian Kokko dan Blomstrom (1997) menunjukkan FDI bisa berpengaruh positif bagi pertumbuhan ekonomi suatu Negara bila tercipta stabilitas makroekonomi di Negara tersebut.Penelitian bertujuan untuk melsbat apakah variabel-variabel makroekonomi masih bisa dijadikan ukuran Mau patokan bagi perkembangan tingkat investasi di Indonesia. Variabel-variabel makroekonomi yang diajukan di dalam penelitian ini ialah suku bunga SBI, kurs rupiah terhadap dolar AS dan variabel investasi periode sebelumnya (FDIL_i). Penelitian dilakukan terhadap sebelas sektor industri di Indonesia kurun waktu 2001-2003. Sektor industri tersebut dipilih berdasarkan International Standard Industry Classification (ISIC) revisi ketiga yang telah disesuaikan dengan Klasifikasi Lapangan Usaha Indonesia (KLUI).Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel-variabel makroekonomi berpengaruh secara simultan terhadap tingkat FDI di 3 sektor industri yaitu: Industri Kutit, Industri Kayu dan Industri Kertas. Variabel suku bunga berpengaruh secara parsial terhadap tingkat FDI industri kayo dan industri kertas. Sementara itu, variabel kurs berpengaruh secara parsial terhadap tingkat FDI industri kertas. Variabel FDI berpengaruh secara parsial terhadap tingkat FDI industri kertas. Variabel-variabeI makroekonomi yang diajukan dalam penelitian ini tidak berpengaruh baik secara parsial maupun simultan terhadap delapan sektor industri lainnya.

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Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) as one of financing source for economic development being a trend within developing countries. Most of developing countries involve in competition to attract FDI because they believe that FDI can provide significance contribution to economic growth in their respective countries. One of the factor which can influence the rate of FDI is macroeconomic factor. Research by Blomstrom and Kokko (1997) indicated that FDI can provide positive influence for country's economic growth if macroeconomic stability created in the country.This research has main objective to observe the determinants of macroeconomics variable for measure the rate of foreign direct investment in Indonesia Variables which are using in this research comprises of interest rate, foreign exchange (Indonesia Currency To US Dollar) and previous investment. Research based on the eleven industrial sector in Indonesia for period 2001 up to 2003. That industrial sector taken from the International Standard Industry Classification 3'i revise.Result of this research shows that interest rate has influence significantly (partial) within Wood and Paper Industry. Besides Interest Rate, the Exchange Rate as well as Previous Investment has also influence in Paper Industry. Macroeconomic Variables in this research has influence simultaneously within Leather Industry, Wood Industry and Paper Industry but Macroeconomic variables did not influence other eight industrial sector (both partial and simultaneous)."

"Penelitian ini meneliti mengenai analisis faktor penentu investasi asing langsung di Indonesia. Menggunakan total sampel dari Produk Domestik Bruto, Pertumbuhan Ekonomi, Upah, Eksport dan Stabilitas Politik di Indonesia selama periode tahun 2005-2010. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode uji akar unit, uji Philips-Perron (PP), uji kausalitas Engle-Granger dan perhitungan kuadrat terkecil. Hipotesis yang diuji adalah apakah faktor penentu investasi asing langsung di Indonesia. Hasil yang diperoleh adalah semua variabel (Produk Domestik Bruto, Pertumbuhan Ekonomi, Upah, Eksport dan Stabilitas Politik) yang diuji menunjukkan hasil yang negatif sebagai faktor penentu FDI di Indonesia.

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This study examines the analysis of the determinants of Foreign Direct Investment in Indonesia. Using a Total sample of the Gross Domestic Product, Growth, Wages, Export and Political Stability in Indonesia during the period 2005-2010. The method used in this study is the unit roots test, the Philips-Perron test, Engle-Granger causality test and Ordinary Least Square. Hypotheses to be tested is whether the determinants of foreign direct investment in Indonesia. The results obtained are all the variables (Gross Domestic Product, Growth, Wages,Export and Political Stability) tested showed negative results as the determinants of foreign direct investment in Indonesia."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis determinan dari Net Foreign Investment Flows pada Pasar Keuangan Indonesia. Terdapat dua model, dengan variabel indepeden dari Set Faktor Global dan Set Faktor Domestik. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Ordinary Least Square Regresi Linear Majemuk. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Faktor Domestik memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap Net Foreign Investment Flows pada Pasar Keuangan Indonesia, dan Faktor Global memiiki pengaruh yang tidak signifikan terhadap Net Foreign Investment Flows pada Pasar Keuangan Indonesia.

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This study aims to analyze the determinants on Net Foreign Investment Flows in Indonesia Financial Market. There are two proposed models, with variable independents from Global Drivers Set and Domestic Drivers Set. This study uses Ordinary Least Square Multiple Regression methodology. This study proved that Domestic Drivers has significant impact on Net Foreign Investment Flows on Indonesia?s Financial Market, while Global Drivers has no significant impact on on Net Foreign Investment Flows on Indonesia?s Financial Market."

"Due to the lack of internal finance, a country might need a foreign investment. It also happens to Indonesia that is not recovery from its economic problems up to now. One of the solutions to this condition is by giving Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). By FDI it is hoped that it can employ a lot of people, and it can reduce the unemployment rate in this country, as a result it can increase the welfare of society.This study will focus on the relation between the given PPh incentives and Japanese Investor behavior in investing its fund, elaborate and analyze Japanese Investor to tax incentives given, and research, formulate and make the analysis on which tax incentive is the best way in inviting Japanese direct investor.This thesis is analytical descriptive which uses qualitative method by scrutinizing data in the form of information, theory from library research, then by analyzing the data to solve the formed case, so that conclusion can be drawn and suggestions and understanding to the influence in giving incentive to foreign direct investment can be given.The references theory in this research is one instrument to invite Japanese direct investment by giving tax incentive. However, tax administration is the key on the success of tax policy.It can be concluded that PPh facility given to tax payers in Indonesia who invest in certain business and area is quite good, in the result of the decrease of netto 30% (thirty percent) as the highest, quicken reduction and amortization, longer loss compensation and given PPh to the dividend as in Article 26 to 10% (ten percent), except if the valid tariff to the tax agreement is lower. Japanese Investors accept this facility positively, but they say it is more interesting if those tax facilities are followed by administration tax which gives law assurance.Tax incentive given by tax law is quite interesting for the Japanese investors to invest in Indonesia, but the regulations do not give the law assurance, they who have the license hope that they will be given the tax incentive as stated in the law, furthermore, it is suggested that the government not only faces on tax incentive to invite foreign direct investment but also is concern on the law assurance, security, eliminating high economy cost and improving infrastructure. Arranged and good tax administration will give law assurance and security to the investors. Furthermore, the license to foreign investors and the given PPh facilities are managed by one institution under one roof."

"Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk memprediksi apakah faktor-faktor firm size, export ratio, R&D intensity, firm age, dan labor productivity memiliki pengaruh terhadap keputusan perusaan untuk melakukan FDI di Indonesia. Sampel pada penelitian ini adalah delapan belas perusahaan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia dengan periode penelitian dari tahun 2006-2010 dan sampel penelitian ini adalah perusahaan yang masuk ke dalam sektor non keuangan. Penelitian ini menggunakan regresi data panel.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa semua faktor-faktor yang digunakan untuk melihat keputusan perusahaan melakukan FDI di Indonesia tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan. Oleh karena itu, peneliti berpendapat bahwa ada faktor-faktor lain, yaitu faktor penarik dari Indonesia yang lebih berpengaruh dibandingkan faktor internal perusahaan.

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This study predicts whether firm size, export ratio, R&D intensity, firm age, and labor productivity affect firm?s decision to make FDI in Indonesia. Samples in this study are 18 non-finance firms that listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2006-2010. This study uses panel regression.

This study shows that firm size, export ratio, R&D intensity, firm age, and labor productivity have no effect in firm?s decision to make FDI in Indonesia. Therefore, we argue that there are other factors, the pull factors from Indonesia, which are more influential than internal firm?s factors."

"Aliran masuk Foreign Direct Investment membawa efek tidak langsung (indirect effects) atau spillover (Blomström dan Kokko, 1999). Perusahaan asing penanam modal relatif efisien dan memiliki akses ke pasar luar negeri yang tidak dimiliki perusahaan swasta lokal, sehingga perusahaan asing menunjukan produktivitas yang lebih tinggi dari perusahaan swasta lokal (Aitken dan Harison, 1999). Sektor industri manufaktur merupakan sektor industri yang berkontribusi besar dalam GDP serta penyerapan tenaga kerja. Peningkatan aliran FDI melalui status kepemilikan asing atas perusahaan diharapkan dapat memberikan dampak positif terhadap perusahaan swasta lokal. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi perbedaan produktivitas antara perusahaan pemerintah, perusahaan swasta lokal dan perusahaan dengan kepemilikan asing (minoritas, mayoritas dan sepenuhnya dimiliki pihak asing) serta mengidentifikasi efek spillovers produktivitas dari kehadiran perusahaan dengan kepemilikan asing terhadap perusahaan swasta lokal pada industri manufaktur di Indonesia. Dengan menggunakan data panel Statistik Industri Besar dan Sedang tahun 2003-2009, regresi random effect terhadap variabel produktivitas tenaga kerja dengan variabel intensitas modal, kualitas tenaga kerja, efek dari skala ekonomi, ukuran tingkat persaingan industri, ukuran perusahaan, umur, dan lokasi perusahaan menunjukan hasil (1) perusahaan dengan kepemilikan asing memiliki tingkat produktivitas yang lebih tinggi dari perusahaan swasta lokal dan perusahaan pemerintah pada Industri Manufaktur di Indonesia; (2) produktivitas tenaga kerja perusahaan swasta lokal tidak dipengaruhi oleh kehadiran perusahaan dengan kepemilikan asing baik dari sisi tenaga kerja maupun dari sisi aset tetap masing-masing sektor dengan perusahaan dengan kepemilikan asing. sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa pada perusahaan swasta lokal tidak terjadi efek spillovers dari kehadiran perusahaan asing di Industri Manufaktur Indonesia.

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Inflows of Foreign Direct Investment has been argued to create an indirect effects or spillover in term of increased productivity (Blomström and Kokko, 1999). This occurs due to the fact that foreign firms has higher efficiency, competitiveness and access to the global market and resources compare to the local firms (Aitken and Harison, 1999). Manufacturing industry considered a large contributor in term of GDP and source of employment, therefore an increase of FDI inflow would create positive impact toward local private firms, as increased competition would induce higher productivity.

This study aimed to identify spillovers effect of FDI in manufacturing industry in Indonesia, by comparing level of productivity among government enterprises, local private firms, and firms with foreign ownership (minority, majority and wholly foreign-owned), and further by identifying the spillover effect on productivity based on the presence of firms with foreign ownership among local private firms.

By using a panel data of Large and Medium Industrial Statistics in 2003-2009, random effect regression analysis was conducted to analyse variables which include: labor productivity, capital intensity, quality of labor, the effect economies of scale, level of industrial competitiveness, firm size, age, and location. The results of the correlational study shows that (1) foreign owned firms have higher productivity than local private firms and government enterprises, (2) labor productivity of local private firms is not affected by the presence of firms with foreign ownership both in terms of labor and the fixed assets of each sector with companies with foreign ownership. It can be concluded that there is no spillover effect experienced by the local private firms in relate to the presence of FDI through foreign owned firms."

"Sastra dalam pengembangan ekonomi terkait Investasi Asing Langsung (FDI) telah banyak diteliti oleh para sarjana, sebagian besar menggunakan data pemotongan lintang atau data rangkaian waktu, namun penelitian mengenai data panel yang melibatkan faktor determinan FDI terhadap sektor dan wilayah secara keseluruhan belum banyak dilakukan. Penelitian ini menguji dampak investasi langsung asing terhadap pertumbuhan pertanian di 15 Negara Asia menggunakan metode efek tetap dan efek acak serta diuji dengan uji Hausman menggunakan data sampel dari tahun 1990 hingga 2019. Ditemukan bahwa FDI memiliki hubungan positif dan signifikan dengan nilai tambah pertanian. Namun, FDI melalui perkembangan keuangan memiliki dampak negatif dan signifikan terhadap nilai tambah pertanian. Ditemukan pula bahwa inflasi memiliki dampak negatif dan signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan pertanian, sementara formasi modal bruto dan tetap memiliki dampak signifikan dan positif terhadap pertumbuhan pertanian. Di sisi lain, keterbukaan perdagangan memiliki dampak negatif namun tidak signifikan. Oleh karena itu, rekomendasi yang diberikan kepada pembuat kebijakan adalah menciptakan kebijakan yang dapat menstabilkan tingkat inflasi serta meringankan kebijakan yang dapat menghambat keterbukaan perdagangan.

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Literature in the economic development regarding FDI have been widely studied by scholars, mostly used either cross-section or time series data, a panel-data on the determinants of FDI and towards the sectoral region, on the other hand, is understudied. This study examines the impact of foreign direct investment on agriculture growth in 15 Asian Countries using a fixed effect and random effect and further tested with the Hausman test on the sample data ranging from 1990-2019. It is found that FDI has a positive relationship and significant relationship with agriculture value added. However, FDI through financial development has a negative and significant impact on agriculture value added.  It is also found that inflation has a negative and significant impact on agriculture growth while gross and fixed capital formation is found to be significant and positively impacts agriculture growth. On the other hand, trade openness has a negative but non-significant impact. Therefore, a recommendation is for policy maker to create a policy that could stabilize the inflation rate and ease the policy that could inhibit trade openness. "

"Faktor-faktor yang menentukan masuknya investasi ke suatu negara didasarkan pada tiga faktor yaitu kesempatan ekonomi (economic opportunity), stabilitas politik (political stability) dan kepastian hukum (legal certainty). Adanya kepastian hukum merupakan salah satu faktor utama untuk menciptakan iklim usaha yang kondusif bagi investor. Dalam sektor telekomunikasi, penyelenggaraan jaringan bergerak seluler merupakan bidang usaha yang sangat erat dengan penanaman modal asing. Dalam rangka melindungi kepentingan nasional, maka Pemerintah telah mengatur pembatasan kepemilikan modal asing dalam penyelenggaraan jaringan bergerak seluler melalui Undang-Undang Nomor 25 Tahun 2007 tentang Penanaman Modal serta Peraturan Presiden Nomor 36 Tahun 2010 tentang Daftar Bidang Usaha yang Tertutup dan Bidang Usaha yang Terbuka dengan Persyaratan di Bidang Penanaman Modal. Pemahaman yang berbeda terhadap ketentuan pembatasan kepemilikan modal asing atau yang secara umum dikenal sebagai Daftar Negatif Investasi merupakan salah satu penyebab ketidakpastian hukum di Indonesia. Tesis ini merupakan penelitian normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach) yang melakukan pengkajian peraturan perundang-undangan terhadap penanaman modal asing yang dilakukan oleh penyelenggara jaringan bergerak seluler di Indonesia. Tesis ini menyimpulkan bahwa terhadap penanaman modal yang telah memperoleh persetujuan sebelum berlakunya Undang-Undang Penanaman Modal maka berlaku asas grandfather clause. Kemudian dalam hal akan dilakukan peningkatan modal secara langsung, maka berlaku pre-emptive rights sesuai Undang-Undang Nomor 40 Tahun 2007 tentang Perseroan Terbatas, sedangkan dalam hal peningkatan modal dilakukan oleh Perusahaan Terbuka melalui Pasar Modal maka tidak tunduk kepada ketentuan Daftar Negatif Investasi.

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The factors that determine the inflow of investments into a country based on three factors, namely economic opportunities, political stability and the rule of law (legal certainty). Legal certainty is one of the main factors for creating a conductive business climate for investors. In the telecommunications sector, the business of mobile cellular network very closely with foreign investment.

In order to protect the national interest, the government has set restrictions on foreign equity ownership in the operation of mobile cellular networks through Law Number 25 Year 2007 on Investment, and Presidential Regulation Number 36 of 2010 on List of Closed and Open Business Fields with Requirements on Investment. A different understanding of the terms or restrictions on foreign equity ownership is generally known as the Negative Investment List is one cause of legal uncertainty in Indonesia.

This thesis is a study with a normative approach to law (statute approach) which carry out a review of legislation on foreign investments made by mobile cellular network operator in Indonesia.

This thesis concludes that the investment has been approved before the enactment of the Investment Law shall apply the principle of grandfather clause. Then in terms of the capital increase will be carried out directly, then apply pre-emptive rights according to Law Number 40 of 2007 on Limited Liability Companies, while in the case of capital increase carried out by the Public Company through capital market is not subject to the provisions of the Investment Negative List."