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"Pada era modern ini, kekayaan intelektual menjadi aspek penting dalam kehidupan manusia. Sebagai contoh, dengan diberlakukannya Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 24 Tahun 2022, kekayaan intelektual dapat dijadikan jaminan untuk memperoleh pembiayaan. Namun, tidak dapat dipungkiri bahwa praktik bisnis yang tidak adil terkait kekayaan intelektual sering terjadi. Di Indonesia saat ini, terdapat 2 (dua) jenis pelanggaran merek, yaitu merek yang identik dan yang serupa secara substansial. Dalam kasus pelanggaran merek (baik untuk merek yang identik maupun serupa secara substansial) pemohon/pemilik merek terdaftar dapat mengajukan gugatan ke pengadilan perdagangan untuk meminta pengadilan mewajibkan pemilik merek yang terakhir untuk mencabut pendaftaran mereknya. Penelitian ini berfokus pada penelitian yuridis deskriptif yang berfokus pada fenomena hukum berdasarkan literatur seperti jurnal dan/atau buku. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan, terdapat beberapa jenis pelanggaran merek namun dengan dasar hukum yang sama, yaitu untuk memperoleh keuntungan kompetitif yang tidak adil terhadap merek terdaftar lainnya. Selain itu, dalam kasus pembatalan merek terkenal dan merek terdaftar, gugatan pembatalan dapat diajukan ke pengadilan perdagangan yang berada di pengadilan negeri. Para pihak juga dapat mengajukan banding jika tidak puas dengan pertimbangan dari majelis hakim.

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In this modern day, intellectual property becomes an important aspect of human's lives. For instance, with the Promulgation of Government Regulation Number 24 Year 2022, an intellectual property could be put up as a collateral/security in order to receive financing. However, it could not be denied that unfair business practices regarding intellectual property is a regular occurence. In Indonesia now, there are 2 (two) types of trademark infringement which are identical mark and substantially mark. In an event that a trademark infringement has been done (both for identical marks as well as substantially similar mark) the plaintiff/owner of a registered trademark could file to the commercial court in order to ask the court to oblige the owner of the later mark to cancel the registration of mark. This research focuses on the descriptive juridical research which focuses on phenomenoms about the law basing it on literatures such as journals and/or books. Based on the research done, there are a few types of trademark infringement but with the same legal reasoning which is to gain unfair competitive advantage regarding other registered trademark. Other than that, in a case of dismissal towards a well-known trademark and registered mark, a dismissal claim could be submitted to the commercial court located in the district court. The parties could also file an appeal if they are not satisfied with the deliberation/consideration from the panel of judges."

"This report discusses the migration to Lhokseumawe, Kabupaten Aceh Utara (regency of North Aceh), a small town which has become the site of a huge Liquified Natural Gas Project. The focus is on the factors which facilitate the decision to migrate, reasons for migration, characteristics of migrants and social interaction after reaching their destination. The decision to migrate appeared who are better educated, younger, unmarried or had moved prrviously; also for members of certain ethnic and occupational groups. The main reason given for migration was to seek work, but lack of interest in region of origin, family reasons and personal reasons were also significant. The migrants tend to be young adults of higher education, who come from urban areas or other industrial projects, where construction activity has declined. The migrants tend to form groups based on regional or ethnic origin, partly because of friction with the local population and competition among the migrants them selves."

"Area Motor adalah toko suku cadang mobil di daerah Lubuk Begalung, kota Padang, Sumatera Barat. Memasuki usianya yang ke dua puluh lima tahun, Area Motor menghadapi situasi kompetisi yang semakin ketat dengan bertambahnya pesaing baru. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang strategi pemasaran bagi Area Motor yang berdasarkan konsep relationship marketing. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa implementasi relationship marketing di Area Motor adalah dengan cara mengelola pelanggan tetap melalui strategi customer retention.

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Area Motor is a spare-part shop for cars and trucks in Lubuk Begalung, Padang,

West Sumatra. On its umping twenty-fifth year business, it is facing a tighter competition as more new shops oin the competition. Therefore, this research aims to analyze and design the marketing strategy for Area Motor on the basic of relationship marketing concept. The results reveal that Area Motor supposedly applies relationship marketing by maintaining existing customer through customer retention strategy."

"Human activities in urban land will modify the original landforms by cut and fill, and compaction of the land surface. Due to human activities, geomorphological process will be more active and might be able to deteriorate the physical environment in urban area. This research is aimed to study the geomorphological characteristics in relation to the land degradation of Yogyakarta’s urban area. Observation is used in this research. Sample areas for field observation and measurement re based on landform unit and urban land use. Descriptive-qualitative analysis will be used to correlate the landform unit characteristics and land cover of urban area. The result of this study shows that the land degradation of Yogyakarta urban area is caused by erosion of land surface in the settlement areas, erosion on road segments, deposition on the road segments and drainage channels, inundation on the roads and mass movement of the river banks."