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"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk memprediksi dan menyimpulkan pola pengaruh faktor stres kerja yang diwakili tiga Job Stressor, yaitu Beban Kerja, Konflik Peran, dan Hubungan Interpersonal terhadap Work-Life Balance WLB pada Fungsional Pemeriksa sebagai garda depan Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan Republik Indonesia BPK RI dalam mencapai tujuan organisasi. Penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk memprediksi dan menyimpulkan tentang adanya perbedaan tingkat WLB di antara kelompok gender, generasi, dan status pernikahan; serta memberi pertimbangan manajerial tentang WLB pada Fungsional Pemeriksa BPK RI. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode kuantitatif melalui penyebaran kuesioner dengan total responden yang berhasil didapatkan sebanyak 383 orang. Wawancara mendalam juga dilakukan untuk memperkuat analisis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Beban Kerja, Konflik Peran, dan Hubungan Interpersonal berpengaruh signifikan positif terhadap WLB pada Fungsional Pemeriksa BPK RI. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa stres tidak selalu buruk dan dapat berpengaruh positif jika dalam jumlah optimal. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan tingkat WLB Pemeriksa BPK RI berdasarkan kelompok gender dan generasi/cohort, sedangkan untuk kelompok status pernikahan tidak terdapat perbedaan.

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ABSTRACTThis study aims to predict and conclude the impact pattern of job stress represented by three Job Stressors, namely Workload, Role Conflict, and Interpersonal Relationship towards Work Life Balance WLB on Functional Auditors as the vanguard of The Audit Board of The Republic Indonesia in achieving organizational goals. This study also aims to predict and conclude the difference of WLB level among gender, generation, and marital status groups and give managerial consideration about WLB among Functional Auditors in The Audit Board of The Republic Indonesia. The study was carried out by quantitative method through the distribution of questionnaires with a total of 383 respondents. In depth interviews were also conducted to strengthen the analysis. The results showed that Workload, Role Conflict, and Interpersonal Relationship have significant positive impact on WLB among Functional Auditors in The Audit Board of The Republic Indonesia. These results indicated that stress is not always bad and can have positive impact if in the optimal amount level of stress. The results also showed differences in WLB levels among Functional Auditors in The Audit Board of The Republic Indonesia based on gender and generation cohort groups, while no difference on marital status group."

"Skripsi ini membahas persepsi pegawai non medis terhadap penerapan sembilan komponen Quality of Work Life di RS Islam Jakarta Cempaka Putih. Persepsi pegawai non medis melihat penerapan dari kualitas kehidupan kerja di RSIJ CP, termasuk baik atau buruk. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain deskriptif dan dilakukan secara cross sectional. Hasil penelitian menyarankan bahwa Rumah Sakit perlu melakukan pelatihan dan peninjauan mengenai K3 RS, serta memperhatikan perlunya jenjang karier yang jelas sehingga akan berjenjang mempengaruhi pada motivasi dan rasa bangga pegawai sehingga dapat memperbaiki tingkat absensi dan akan meningkatkan kinerja pegawai, begitu juga penilaian persepsi pegawai tentang Quality of Work Life akan meningkat menjadi lebih baik.

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The focus of this study is the perception non medical employee concerning variable Quality of Work Life in Islamic Hospital Jakarta Cempaka Putih at 2009. The purpose of this study is to understand perception of non medical employee observed about application variable Quality of Work Life in RSIJ CP is it bad or good way. This research is quantitative descriptive with cross sectional. The data were collected by questionnaire. The researcher suggests that hospital should concern carrier development employee so it can make increase to balancing compensation and continue will make the user pride and improve rate of turnover, and it also increase perception of Quality of Work Life."

"Tesis ini membahas pengaruh quality of work life, perceived organization culture, kepuasan kerja dan komitmen organisasional terhadap intention to quit di sepuluh Kantor Pelayanan Perbendaharaan Negara-Kementrian Keuangan. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain survey menggunakan instrumen kuesioner kepada seluruh pelaksana di 10 KPPN. Hasil pengujian regresi menunjukkan bahwa kepuasan kerja, komitmen organisasional, dan salah satu dimensi quality of work life yaitu work life balance memiliki pengaruh negatif yang signifikan dengan intention to quit. Dengan R2 sebesar 34,1% menunjukkan sebanyak 34,1% intention to quit dapat dijelaskan oleh variabelvariabel tersebut diatas. Sehingga penelitian ini dapat menyarankan perlunya melakukan pembenahan kebijakan terkait aspek-aspek yang menjadi sumber kepuasan dan kenyamanan work life balance pegawai. Misalnya saja terkait kepastian pola dan lama penugasan di daerah. Selain itu perlu adanya programprogram yang dapat meningkatkan komitmen pada organisasi.

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This thesis examines the effects of quality of work life, perceived organization culture, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment to intention to quit at big 10 Kantor Pelayanan Perbendaharaan Negara - Kementerian Keuangan. This research is quantitative research design using questionnaire survey approach. The result of regression analysis find that job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and one dimension of the quality of work life, work life balance are negatively influence. R2 score, 34,1% means that 34,1% of intention to quit variability can be explained by those variables. Hence this research may suggest KPPN Management in particular and Ditjen Perbendaharaan in general to reform and develop the policies that support employee's work life balance and satisfaction. For example, management can set up the duration and the pattern of assignment. Moreover they can develop programs that can increase commitment to the organization."

"[ Skripsi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh quality of work life terhadap employee engagement pada American Petroleum Company Indonesia Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitiatif dengan metode regresi linear dan regresi berganda dengan jumlah sample 273 Kuesioner yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Kuesioner evaluasi berdasarkan model Walton untuk mengukur quality of work life yang dikembangkan oleh Walton 1975 dalam Timossi Pedroso Francisco dan Pilatti 2008 Kuesioner untuk mengukur employee engagement berdasarkan Utrecht Work Engagement Scale UWES yang dikembangkan oleh Schaufeli and Bakker 2003 Hasil penelitian menemukan adanya pengaruh positif quality of work life terhadap employee engagement pada American Petroleum Company Indonesia Dimensi quality of work life seperti use of capacity work occupy dan fair and appropriate salary berpengaruh secara positif dan signifikan terhadap employee engagement Berdasarkan temuan tersebut peneliti menyarankan perusahaan American Petroleum Company Indonesia untuk memberikan perhatian yang lebih terkait employee engagement dan quality of work life khususnya pada dimensi use of capacity work occupy dan fair and appropriate salary serta penelitian yang lebih lanjut difokuskan pada generasi Y ;The focus of this study is to examine the affect of quality of work life on employee engagement at American Petroleum Company in Indonesia Method of analysis used in this study is descriptive quantitative Linear and multiple regressions are also used as statistical methods to analyze the data with 273 samples This study use Questionaire to measure quality of work life according Walton rsquo s quality of work life model 1975 in Timossi Pedroso Francisco and Pilatti 2008 Questionaire to measure employee engagement accoding Utrecht Work Engagement Scale UWES by Schaufeli and Bakker 2003 This study finds that employee engagement was positively significant affected by quality of work life Some of quality of work life dimensions which are use of capacity work occupy working condition and fair and appropriate salary are positive and significantly affected employee engagement Based on the finding it is suggested that the company American Petroleum Company Indonesia improves attention related to employee engagement and the quality of work life of their employees especially in the dimension use of capacity work occupy working condition and fair and appropriate salary for further research the study should be focusing on generation Y ;The focus of this study is to examine the affect of quality of work life on employee engagement at American Petroleum Company in Indonesia Method of analysis used in this study is descriptive quantitative Linear and multiple regressions are also used as statistical methods to analyze the data with 273 samples This study use Questionaire to measure quality of work life according Walton rsquo s quality of work life model 1975 in Timossi Pedroso Francisco and Pilatti 2008 Questionaire to measure employee engagement accoding Utrecht Work Engagement Scale UWES by Schaufeli and Bakker 2003 This study finds that employee engagement was positively significant affected by quality of work life Some of quality of work life dimensions which are use of capacity work occupy working condition and fair and appropriate salary are positive and significantly affected employee engagement Based on the finding it is suggested that the company American Petroleum Company Indonesia improves attention related to employee engagement and the quality of work life of their employees especially in the dimension use of capacity work occupy working condition and fair and appropriate salary for further research the study should be focusing on generation Y ;The focus of this study is to examine the affect of quality of work life on employee engagement at American Petroleum Company in Indonesia Method of analysis used in this study is descriptive quantitative Linear and multiple regressions are also used as statistical methods to analyze the data with 273 samples This study use Questionaire to measure quality of work life according Walton rsquo s quality of work life model 1975 in Timossi Pedroso Francisco and Pilatti 2008 Questionaire to measure employee engagement accoding Utrecht Work Engagement Scale UWES by Schaufeli and Bakker 2003 This study finds that employee engagement was positively significant affected by quality of work life Some of quality of work life dimensions which are use of capacity work occupy working condition and fair and appropriate salary are positive and significantly affected employee engagement Based on the finding it is suggested that the company American Petroleum Company Indonesia improves attention related to employee engagement and the quality of work life of their employees especially in the dimension use of capacity work occupy working condition and fair and appropriate salary for further research the study should be focusing on generation Y ;The focus of this study is to examine the affect of quality of work life on employee engagement at American Petroleum Company in Indonesia Method of analysis used in this study is descriptive quantitative Linear and multiple regressions are also used as statistical methods to analyze the data with 273 samples This study use Questionaire to measure quality of work life according Walton rsquo s quality of work life model 1975 in Timossi Pedroso Francisco and Pilatti 2008 Questionaire to measure employee engagement accoding Utrecht Work Engagement Scale UWES by Schaufeli and Bakker 2003 This study finds that employee engagement was positively significant affected by quality of work life Some of quality of work life dimensions which are use of capacity work occupy working condition and fair and appropriate salary are positive and significantly affected employee engagement Based on the finding it is suggested that the company American Petroleum Company Indonesia improves attention related to employee engagement and the quality of work life of their employees especially in the dimension use of capacity work occupy working condition and fair and appropriate salary for further research the study should be focusing on generation Y ;The focus of this study is to examine the affect of quality of work life on employee engagement at American Petroleum Company in Indonesia Method of analysis used in this study is descriptive quantitative Linear and multiple regressions are also used as statistical methods to analyze the data with 273 samples This study use Questionaire to measure quality of work life according Walton rsquo s quality of work life model 1975 in Timossi Pedroso Francisco and Pilatti 2008 Questionaire to measure employee engagement accoding Utrecht Work Engagement Scale UWES by Schaufeli and Bakker 2003 This study finds that employee engagement was positively significant affected by quality of work life Some of quality of work life dimensions which are use of capacity work occupy working condition and fair and appropriate salary are positive and significantly affected employee engagement Based on the finding it is suggested that the company American Petroleum Company Indonesia improves attention related to employee engagement and the quality of work life of their employees especially in the dimension use of capacity work occupy working condition and fair and appropriate salary for further research the study should be focusing on generation Y ;The focus of this study is to examine the affect of quality of work life on employee engagement at American Petroleum Company in Indonesia Method of analysis used in this study is descriptive quantitative Linear and multiple regressions are also used as statistical methods to analyze the data with 273 samples This study use Questionaire to measure quality of work life according Walton rsquo s quality of work life model 1975 in Timossi Pedroso Francisco and Pilatti 2008 Questionaire to measure employee engagement accoding Utrecht Work Engagement Scale UWES by Schaufeli and Bakker 2003 This study finds that employee engagement was positively significant affected by quality of work life Some of quality of work life dimensions which are use of capacity work occupy working condition and fair and appropriate salary are positive and significantly affected employee engagement Based on the finding it is suggested that the company American Petroleum Company Indonesia improves attention related to employee engagement and the quality of work life of their employees especially in the dimension use of capacity work occupy working condition and fair and appropriate salary for further research the study should be focusing on generation Y , The focus of this study is to examine the affect of quality of work life on employee engagement at American Petroleum Company in Indonesia Method of analysis used in this study is descriptive quantitative Linear and multiple regressions are also used as statistical methods to analyze the data with 273 samples This study use Questionaire to measure quality of work life according Walton rsquo s quality of work life model 1975 in Timossi Pedroso Francisco and Pilatti 2008 Questionaire to measure employee engagement accoding Utrecht Work Engagement Scale UWES by Schaufeli and Bakker 2003 This study finds that employee engagement was positively significant affected by quality of work life Some of quality of work life dimensions which are use of capacity work occupy working condition and fair and appropriate salary are positive and significantly affected employee engagement Based on the finding it is suggested that the company American Petroleum Company Indonesia improves attention related to employee engagement and the quality of work life of their employees especially in the dimension use of capacity work occupy working condition and fair and appropriate salary for further research the study should be focusing on generation Y ]"

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh quality of work life terhadap employee engagemet pada BNI Margonda Depok. Skala pengukuran yang digunakan untuk quality of work life diadopsi dari Walton (1975) yang terdiri dari 28 item pernyataan. Sedangkan employee engagement menggunakan skala pengukuran yang diadopsi dari Schaufeli, Salanova, Gonzalez-Roma & Bakker (2002) dengan menggunakan UWES yang terdiri dari 17 item pernyataan, Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui penyebaran kuesioner. Sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 98 karyawan tetap level non-managerial BNI Margonda Depok yang telah bekerja minimal satu tahun. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan pada quality of work life terhadap employee engagement pada BNI Margonda Depok.

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The purpose of this research is to analyze the influence between quality of work life on employee engagement in BNI Margonda Depok. The measurement scale of quality of work life is adopted from Walton (1975) consisting of 28 statements and employee engagement scale adopted from Schaufeli, Salanova, Gonzalesz-Roma & Bakker (2002) consisting of 17 statements. This research uses quantitative methods with data collection technique is conducted through questionnaires. The sample of this research are permanent employees (level non managerial) in BNI Margonda Depok who have worked at least one year. The results of this study indicate that there is a positive and significant influence of quality of work life on employee engagement in BNI Margonda Depok."

"Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh Work from Home pada Work Life Conflict, dengan employee well-being dan time pressure sebagai mediator pada karyawan swasta di Jabodetabek. Data terkumpul dari 270 karyawan swasta di Jabodetabek melalui survei daring. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) digunakan untuk memeriksa kecocokan keseluruhan model dan menguji kausalitas antar konstruk. Temuan menunjukan bahwa Work from Home berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap Work Life Conflict secara langsung. Lebih lanjut, hasil penelitian menunjukkan pengaruh work from home terhadap work-life conflict dimediasi parsial oleh employee well-being dan time pressure. Dengan menggunakan hasil penelitian ini, praktisi diharapkan dapat menyoroti apakah perusahaan memiliki kebutuhan untuk mengembangkan kebijakan atau program tertentu terkait praktik work from home untuk mengurangi work-life conflict pada karyawan.

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The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of work from home on work-life conflict, with employee well-being and time pressure as mediators on private sector employees in Jakarta Metropolitan Area. Data was collected from 270 non-essential private sector employees through an online survey. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was used to analyse the data. The findings show that work from home a has a direct and significant negative effect on work-life conflict. Moreover, the results showed that the effect of work from home on work-life conflict was partially mediated by employee well-being and time pressure. This study highlights whether companies have the need to develop certain policies or programs related to the practice of work from home on private sector employees in Jakarta Metropolitan Area."

"Penelitian ini mendeskripsikan Quality of Work Life (QWL) peneliti profesional selama Work from Home (WFH) di Lembaga Demografi Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Indonesia (LD FEB UI) dari disiplin Ilmu Kesejahteraan Sosial. Urgensi dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah kondisi peneliti profesional yang perlu memenuhi kualitas kehidupan kerja yang baik selama WFH sebagai bentuk peningkatan kesejahteraan pekerja yang diwujudkan oleh LD FEB UI. QWL merupakan sebuah bentuk intervensi dalam pendekatan mezzo yang dilaksanakan organisasi untuk mengoptimalkan kualitas kehidupan kerja pekerja, sehingga dalam gilirannya organisasi dapat memenuhi kesejahteraan pekerja, menciptakan iklim organisasi yang baik, dan mewujudkan tujuan organisasi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan QWL peneliti profesional selama WFH di LD FEB UI. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dari Oktober 2021 hingga Juli 2022 dengan teknik pengumpulan data yaitu wawancara mendalam secara daring terhadap enam (6) informan yang terdiri dari peneliti profesional, Manajer Penelitian, serta Manajer Personalia dan Administrasi Umum. Keenam informan tersebut telah dipilih melalui teknik purposive sampling sesuai dengan kriteria informan yang dibutuhkan dalam penelitian ini. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif. Penelitian ini mendeskripsikan bagaimana kondisi QWL dari peneliti profesional yang mengalami transisi dan melakukan pekerjaannya dari rumah selama pandemi Covid-19. Hasil penelitian ini menguraikan bahwa peneliti profesional telah memenuhi enam dari sembilan dimensi QWL selama bekerja dari rumah, di mana mereka dapat meresolusi konflik yang ada, dapat berpartisipasi dalam lembaga, memiliki karier yang dapat berkembang, mendapatkan kompensasi yang adil, mendapatkan fasilitas kesehatan kerja yang memadai, dan memiliki kebanggaan terhadap lembaga. Adapun diantara tiga dimensi yang belum terpenuhi adalah sebab kesulitan berkomunikasi, terdapatnya rasa tidak aman atas pekerjaan, dan pergeseran lingkungan kerja yang menjadi tidak aman selama WFH. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa LD FEB UI belum memenuhi kualitas kehidupan kerja dalam perspektif pekerja selama peneliti profesional bekerja dari rumah. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan sumbangsih untuk memperkaya topik QWL pada mata kuliah Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia dalam Organisasi Pelayanan Kemanusiaan (MSDM) yang dikaji dalam Ilmu Kesejahteraan Sosial.

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This study describes the Quality of Work Life (QWL) of professional researchers during Work from Home (WFH) at the Lembaga Demografi Faculty of Economics and Business University of Indonesia (LD FEB UI) from the discipline of Social Welfare Sciences. The urgency of doing this research is the condition of professional researchers who must fulfill a good quality of work life during WFH to improve their welfare. QWL is a form of intervention in the mezzo approach, which organizations carry out to optimize their employees’ quality of work lives. In turn, the organization can meet the welfare of employees, create a good organizational climate, and realize organizational goals. The purpose of this study is to describe the QWL of professional researchers during WFH at LD FEB UI. This research was conducted from October 2021 to July 2022 using data collection techniques, namely in-depth interviews with six (6) informants, including professional researchers, a Research Manager, and Managers of Personnel and General Administration. The six informants have been selected through a purposive sampling technique by the criteria of the informants needed in this study. The approach used in this research is qualitative with a descriptive research type. This study describes the QWL condition of professional researchers while transitioning and doing their work from home during the Covid-19 pandemic. The results of this study describe that professional researchers have fulfilled six of the nine QWL dimensions while working from home, where they can resolve existing conflicts, participate in institutions, develop careers, get adequate compensation, get good occupational health facilities, and have pride in the institution. Among the three dimensions that have not been fulfilled are the causes of communication difficulties, the feeling of insecurity at work, and a shift in the work environment that becomes unsafe during WFH. The results of this study conclude that LD FEB UI has not yet fulfilled the quality of work life from the employees' perspective while the professional researchers are working from home. The results of this study are expected to enrich the QWL topic in the Human Resource Management in Human Service Organizations course, which is studied in Social Welfare Sciences."

"Tesis ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan komponen-komponen quality of work life dengan turnover intention perawat dan bidan pelaksana Rumah Sakit Tugu Ibu. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif secara cross-sectional pada 143 perawat dan bidan pelaksana. Analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis univariat, bivariat, dan multivariat dengan uji statistik menggunakan chi-square dan regresi logistik menggunakan SPSS versi 20. Pemodelan multivariat dengan menggunakan metode enter. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya kontribusi variabel-variabel quality of work life terhadap turnover intention perawat dan bidan pelaksana. Saran untuk Rumah Sakit Tugu Ibu berdasarkan hasil penelitian adalah memperkuat rasa bangga terhadap institusi, menerapkan program manajemen risiko klinis, mempertahankan kekeluargaan dan toleransi dalam komunikasi organisasi, memberikan kompensasi yang seimbang sesuai model jenjang karir perawat klinis menurut Depkes RI, mempertahankan fasilitas refreshing, meningkatkan pengelolaan sistem jaminan kesehatan dan pensiun, serta meningkatkan dan mengevaluasi kepuasan kerja.

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The aim of this study is to analyse the correlation between the components of quality of work life with the nurse and midwives turnover intention at Tugu Ibu Hospital. Quantitative Cross-Sectional methods was used on 143 nurses and midwives sample. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate data analyses were used using Chi-Square and regression logistic statistical test with SPSS version 20. Enter method was assessed for multivariate modeling.

The result shows that there are contributions from quality of work life variables to nurse and midwife turnover intention. Suggests we give for Tugu Ibu Hospital based on the thesis result are strengthening the sense of pride in the institution, implementing clinical risk management program, maintain sense of kinship and tolerance in communication, balance compensation based on Depkes RI nurse career path, maintain refreshing facility, improve the management of health insurance and pension, improve and evaluate job satisfaction regularly."

"Tesis ini membahas hubungan antara komponen kualitas kehidupan kerja (quality of work life) dengan kinerja bidan puskesmas di wilayah Kabupaten Bangka Tengah Tahun 2013. Penelitian ini dilakukan karena peneliti melihat adanya penurunan kinerja bidan pada tahun 2012. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan desain cross sectional.Teori yang digunakan untuk melihat kualitas kehidupan kerja bidan adalah teori Cascio (2013) yang terdiri dari sembilan komponen yaitu keterlibatan pegawai, kompensasi yang adil atau seimbang, rasa aman terhadap pekerjaan, keselamatan lingkungan kerja, rasa bangga terhadap institusi, pengembangan karir, fasilitas yang tersedia, penyelesaian masalah dan komunikasi.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komponen QWL yang signifikan berhubungan dengan kinerja adalah keterlibatan pegawai sekaligus komponen QWL yang paling kuat hubungannya dengan kinerja bidan puskesmas.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, peneliti menyarankan agar bidan sebagai tenaga kerja yang profesional harus bekerja sesuai dengan peraturan dan standar operasional yang berlaku. Puskesmas sebagai tempat kerja harus memperhatikan semua komponen QWL yang berhubungan dengan kinerja bidan dan Dinas Kesehatan sebagai pembuat kebijakan harus melakukan monitoring dan evaluasi secara rutin, memenuhi kebutuhan kesehatan dan keselamatan kerja di puskesmas serta melakukan reward and punishment terhadap kinerja pegawai.

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This thesis studies the relationship between component of quality of work life to the performance of midwife clinics in Central Bangka regency in 2013. This research was conducted because researchers saw a decrease in performance midwife in 2012. This study is an observational study with cross-sectional design.

Theory is used to see the quality of work life midwife is the theory Cascio (2013) which consists of nine components: employee participation, job security, save environment, pride, career development, wellness, conflict resolution and communication.

The results showed that a significant component of QWL is related to the employee participation and become the most powerful component of QWL do with performance midwife clinic.

Based on the research results, the researchers suggested that midwives as professional workforce to work in accordance with the regulations and standards applicable operational. Health centers as workplaces should pay attention to all components of QWL related to the performance of the Department of Health as a midwife and policy makers must undertake monitoring and evaluation on a regular basis, to meet the needs of health and safety in the clinic and do reward and punishment on employee performance."