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"[Dengan menggunakan data Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) periodetahun 2000 dan 2007, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak dariprogram subsidi beras untuk orang miskin (Raskin) terhadap kesehatan anakIndonesia. Indikator kesehatan yang menjadi fokus dalam penelitian ini adalahtinggi dan berat badan anak yang telah dinormalisasi dengan umur masing-masinganak, atau dikenal dengan istilah height-for-age dan weight-for-age. Sebagaikontrol variable, penelitian ini juga menggunakan karakteristik anak, orang tua danrumah tangga. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah program Raskin berpengaruh positifterhadap tinggi badan anak yang berasal dari keluarga penerima Raskin. Akantetapi, penelitian ini tidak menemukan cukup bukti tentang manfaat program Raskinterhadap berat badan anak. Hasil penting lainnya dari penelitian ini adalah, dalamjangka panjang, status gizi anak yang berasal dari keluarga penerima Raskin tidakberbeda dengan mereka yang tidak menerima Raskin. Penelitian ini menemukanbahwa manfaat dari program Raskin yang diberikan di masa lampau, tidak lagiberpengaruh pada kesehatan anak setelah tujuh tahun kemudian;Using two waves of Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) collected in 2000and 2007, this paper examines the impact of the Indonesian food subsidies (Raskin)program in improving child health. In this paper, the health status of children isindicated by standardized height (height-for-age) and weight (weight-for-age)anthropometric measures (called as Z-score). As control variables, this study alsouses children, parents and households characteristics. The finding of this study isthat the Raskin program positively affects height of children living in eligiblehouseholds. On the other hand, there is not enough econometric evidence about theimpact of the Raskin program on child weight. Another important evidence foundby this study is that the nutritional status of children with and without the Raskinprogram is not different in the long term. It has been found that the Raskin programin the past has no impact on child health seven years later.;Using two waves of Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) collected in 2000and 2007, this paper examines the impact of the Indonesian food subsidies (Raskin)program in improving child health. In this paper, the health status of children isindicated by standardized height (height-for-age) and weight (weight-for-age)anthropometric measures (called as Z-score). As control variables, this study alsouses children, parents and households characteristics. The finding of this study isthat the Raskin program positively affects height of children living in eligiblehouseholds. On the other hand, there is not enough econometric evidence about theimpact of the Raskin program on child weight. Another important evidence foundby this study is that the nutritional status of children with and without the Raskinprogram is not different in the long term. It has been found that the Raskin programin the past has no impact on child health seven years later., Using two waves of Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) collected in 2000and 2007, this paper examines the impact of the Indonesian food subsidies (Raskin)program in improving child health. In this paper, the health status of children isindicated by standardized height (height-for-age) and weight (weight-for-age)anthropometric measures (called as Z-score). As control variables, this study alsouses children, parents and households characteristics. The finding of this study isthat the Raskin program positively affects height of children living in eligiblehouseholds. On the other hand, there is not enough econometric evidence about theimpact of the Raskin program on child weight. Another important evidence foundby this study is that the nutritional status of children with and without the Raskinprogram is not different in the long term. It has been found that the Raskin programin the past has no impact on child health seven years later.]"

"Berdasarkan survei survei awal yang dilakukan oleh peneliti menunjukkan bahwa sebanyak 56% siswa SMA di salah satu sekolah swasta di Tangerang menggunakan suplemen makanan. Angka ini ternyata lebih tinggi jika dibandingkan dengan prevalensi penggunaan suplemen makanan di dunia (31%). Dari hal tersebut, peneliti tertarik untuk melakukan penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui proporsi penggunaan suplemen makanan pada siswa SMA serta menilai hubungan antara status kesehatan dan faktor lainnya dengan konsumsi suplemen makanan. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian cross sectional yang dilakukan pada bulan April di SMA Islamic Village Tangerang. Sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 135 responden yang dipilih secara systematic random sampling. Konsumsi suplemen makanan merupakan variabel terikat dalam penelitian ini. Sedangkan variabel bebas terdiri dari status gizi (Indeks Massa Tubuh), riwayat si, riwayat penyakit kronis, jenis kelamin, pengetahuan gizi, asupan karbohidrat, asupan protein, konsumsi sayur, konsumsi buah, praktek konsumsi suplemen orang tua, keterpaparan media promosi, dan pengaruh teman sebaya. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan meliputi kuesioner, form FFQ-SQ, timbangan seca, microtoise, dan food model. Penelitian ini melibatkan analisis univariat dan analisis bivariat berupa uji chi square. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan proporsi pengguna suplemen makanan pada siswa SMA Islamic Village Tangerang Tahun 2012 sebesar 53,3%. Selain itu, terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara riwayat penyakit kronis, praktek konsumsi suplemen orang tua, keterpaparan media massa, dan pengaruh teman sebaya dengan konsumsi suplemen makanan. Hubungan yang bermakna antara riwayat penyakit kronis dengan konsumsi suplemen makanan (p value = 0,020) sejalan dengan penelitian yang dilakukan Rock (2007). Hubungan yang bermakna antara praktek konsumsi suplemen orang tua dengan konsumsi suplemen makanan (p value = 0,000) juga didukung dengan penelitian Ramadani (2005). Adanya hubungan antara keterpaparan media promosi dengan konsumsi suplemen makanan (p value = 0,000) juga sejalan dengan penelitian Putri (2004). Sedangkan hubungan yang bermakna antara pengaruh teman sebaya dengan konsumsi suplemen makanan (p value = 0,000) didukung oleh penelitian O’Dea (2003). Dari penelitian ini diketahui bahwa terdapat hubungan antara riwayat penyakit kronis dengan faktor lingkungan sosial dengan konsumsi suplemen makanan. Selain itu, diperoleh saran bagi pihak siswa dan orang tua agar lebih selektif dalam memilih produk suplemen makanan yang sesuai dengan kebutuhannya, serta bagi pihak sekolah dan pihak pemerintah (dinas kesehatan dan pendidikan Kabupaten Tangerang) agar lebih mensosialisasikan informasi terkait gizi kepada masyarakat.

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There has been 56% of private high school students in Tangerang using food supplement based on the early survey that has been made. It was higher than the number of food supplement users in the world (31%) so that the researcher was interested to find out the proportion of the food supplement users in senior high students and also to evaluate the association between health status and the other factors with food supplement consumption.

This study used a cross sectional design study. It was held in April 2012 at Islamic Village Tangerang Senior High. There were 135 respondents which was selected by systematic random sampling. The food supplement consumption was a dependent variable of this study, meanwhile the body mass index, infectious disease history, chronic disease history, gender, nutrition knowledges, carbohydrate intake, protein intake, vegetable consumption, fruit consumption, supplement consumption by parents, media exposure, and also peers influences were independent variable. Questionnaire, FFQ-SQ form, seca scale, microtoise, and food model were used as the instruments of this study. This study used two kind of analysis, there were univariate analysis and bivariate analysis which was chi square test.

The result of this study was showed that there were 53,3% food supplement users among Islamic Village Tangerang students in 2012. Besides, there were a significant assocation between chronic disease history, supplement consumption by parents, media exposure, and also peers influences with food supplement consumption. A significant association between a chronic disease history and food supplements consumption (p value = 0.020) was in line with research by Rock (2007). A significant association between supplement consumption by parents with food supplements consumption (p value = 0.000) are also supported Ramadani's research in 2005. An association between media exposure with the food supplements consumption (p value = 0.000) also in line with research by Putri (2004). While a significant association between peers influences with the food supplements consumption (p value = 0.000) supported by O'Dea’s research in 2003.

In conclusion, this study showed that there are a significant association between chronic disease history and social environment influences with food supplements consumption. Besides, it was obtained the suggestions for the students also the parents to be more selective in choosing food supplements product that suit their needs and for the school and government to socialize nutrition information to society, especially for high school students."

"ABSTRAKPedagang ikan Muara Angke merupakan produsen sekaligus konsumen pertama yang mengonsumsi ikan dari Teluk Jakarta yang telah tercemar timbal. Apabila ikan yang terkontaminasi timbal dikonsumsi oleh manusia maka dapat menimbulkan risiko gangguan kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui tingkat risiko kesehatan akibat pajanan timbal dari konsumsi ikan pada pedagang ikan melalui metode analisis risiko kesehatan lingkungan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan konsentrasi timbal dalam ikan sebesar 0,4 mg/kg, nilai chronic daily intake sebesar 0,001167847 mg/kg/hari, dengan lama pajanan 17 tahun, berat badan 61 kg, frekuensi pajanan 83 hari/tahun dan laju asupan 0,6736 kg/hari. Hasil analisis menunjukan bahwa pedagang ikan Muara Angke secara individu sudah tidak aman dan memiliki risiko gangguan kesehatan nonkarsinogenik akibat pajanan timbal dari konsumsi ikan untuk 10 tahun mendatang dengan asumsi bahwa sumber pajanan hanya berasal dari ikan.

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ABSTRACTMuara Angke fish traders are the first producer and consumer to consume fish from Jakarta Bay which has been polluted by lead. If fish contaminated by lead are consumed by humans then it may pose a risk of health problems. This study aims to determine the level of health risks due to lead exposure to fish consumption to fish traders through methods of environmental health risk analysis. The results showed rate concentration of lead in fish of 0,4 mg kg, chronic daily intake value of 0,001167847 mg kg day, with 17 years of exposure, body weight 61 kg, exposure frequency 83 days year and intake rate 0,6736 kg day. The result of the analysis show that Muara Angke fish traders individually are not safe and have risk of non carcinogenic health problems due to lead exposure of fish consumption for the next 10 years assuming that the source of exposure only comes from fish. "

"Kebutuhan gizi busui meningkat tetapi busui kerap gagal untuk memenuhi kebutuhan gizinya. Ada berbagai faktor yang mempengaruhi penurunan asupan makan busui. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggali berbagai faktor predisposisi, pemungkin, dan pendorong yang berkaitan dengan penurunan asupan makan busui di Puskesmas Beji, Depok. Disain studi adalah kualitatif. Informan yang dipilih adalah 24 ibu bayi yang berusia >6 bulan dan dibagi berdasarkan pola menyusuinya. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam serta dilakukan triangulasi sumber data pada suami/ibu, bidan, dan petugas gizi serta triangulasi metode dengan observasi. Ibu yang ASI predominan asupan makannya lebih banyak. Umumnya busui tidak mengkonsumsi susu dan suplemen. Ibu yang ASI predominan umurnya lebih tua, lebih tinggi paritasnya, dan lebih sedikit mempunyai pantangan makan daripada ibu yang ASI parsial. Pengetahuan, motivasi, sikap, dan kepercayaan ibu adalah faktor predisposisi yang berpengaruh pada penurunan asupan makan ibu menyusui sedangkan perawatan kehamilan menjadi faktor pemungkin yang tampak menyebabkan asupan makan busui menurun. Dari faktor pendorong, tenaga kesehatan dan media tampak berpengaruh pada penurunan asupan makan busui. Orang tua memberikan pengaruh yang besar terkait kepercayaan dan pola makan makan busui. Perlu bantuan tenaga kesehatan untuk memberikan informasi peningkatan kebutuhan gizi kepada busui dan keluarganya serta melakukan promosi tentang gizi menyusui lewat berbagai media.

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The nutrient needs of lactating mother is higher than non-lactating mother, but they often failed to meet their recommended nutrient intake. This study aims at digging information on predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing factors associated with decrease of lactating mother intake in Beji community health center, Depok. Design of the study is qualitative with 24 informants that are mothers with infant age more than 6 months and divided based on the pattern of breastfeeding implementation. Data was collected through in-depth interviews and were triangulated based on data sources including midwifes, nutritionists, husbands/mother’s parents as well as observation. Predominant breastfeeding mothers intake were better than partial breastfeeding mother and have less food restrictions. Most of mothers didn’t consume milk and supplements when breastfeed. Knowledge, motivation, attitude, and food beliefs are predisposing factors that influence the dietary practices of lactating mother, antenatal care is a strong enabling factor, lack of information from health personnel and media are reinforcing factors that influence the decrease of intake toward lactating mother. It is suggested to increase mother’s knowledge about lactating mother nutrient needs during antenatal care. Health personnel should educate mothers and their families about lactating mother nutrient needs and decrease the harmful beliefs through mass-media."

"ABSTRAKNama : Muharnis Supriyani PutriProgram Studi : Kesehatan MasyarakatJudul : Uji Kontaminasi Staphylococcus aureus pada Makanan di TempatPengelolaan Makanan Wilayah Kerja Kantor Kesehatan Pelabuhandi Jakarta Tahun 2018Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk gambaran kontaminasi Staphylococcus aureus padamakanan dan memeperoleh gambaran informasi mendalam tentang perbedaan praktikhigiene dan sanitasi cara pengolahan makanan yang dilakukan oleh penjamah makananyang sampel makanannya negatif mengandung bakteri Staphylococcus aureus danpositif mengandung bakteri Staphylococcus aureus di tempat pengelolaan makananWilayah Kerja Sebuah Kantor Kesehatan Pelabuhan di Jakarta Utara. Penelitian inidilakukan pada bulan April-Mei tahun 2018. Penelitian ini mengunakan rancanganmetode kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Metode kuantitatif pada penelitian ini menggunakandesain studi cross sectional, dengan mengambil 72 sampel makanan yang diperiksa kelaboratorium, melakukan observasi dan wawancara langsung terhadap penjamahmakanan di tempat pengelolaan makanan. Metode kualitiatif menggunakan metodepengambilan data wawancara mendalam. Hasil pemeriksaan pemeriksaan menunjkkanbahwa terdapat 1 1,40 dari 72 sampel makanan yang terkontaminasi oleh bakteriStaphylococcus aureus. Sebanyak 40 orang 55,60 , 16 orang 22,20 , 24 orang 33,30 meimiliki pengetahuan, sikap, perilaku yang baik tentang personal hygienepenjamah. Perbedaan praktik higiene dan sanitasi cara pengolahan makanan yangmencolok antara penjamah makanan yang sampel makanannya negatif mengandungbakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan positif mengandung bakteri Staphylococcus aureusadalah pada tahap penanganan makanan sisa, dimana penjamah maknan yang sampelmakanannya positif mengandung bakteri Staphylococcus aureus tidak memiliki fasilitaslemari pendingin, sehingga penjamah tersebut hana menyimpan makanan sisa di suhuruangan pada saat sebelum dan sesudah dilakukannya pemanasan ulang makanan.Kata kunci: bakteri; higiene; kontaminasi makanan; sanitasi; Staphylococcus aureus

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ABSTRACTName Muharnis Supriyani PutriStudy Programme Kesehatan MasyarakatTitle Staphylococcus aureus contamination test in food at kitchenpremises of working area of the port health medical service inJakarta, 2018This study was aimed to evaluate food contamination with Staphylococcus aureusbacteria and to get more information about the differences of hygiene and sanitation offood handling practices between food handlers that had positive food samplecontamination and food handlers that had negative food sample contamination withStaphylococcus aureus bacteria at kitchen premises of working area of the port healthmedical service x. This research was conducted in April May 2018.This research usedquantitative and qualitative design method. Quantitative method used cross sectionaldesign study, 72 food samples were tested for Staphylococcus aureus bacteria indicatorsin the laboratory, and the researcher also conducted interview and observation on foodhandlers. Qualitative method used in depth interview for collecting data. Loboratory testresults showed that 1 1,40 from 72 food samples contaminated with Staphylococcusaureus bacteria. There were 40 55,60 , 16 22,20 , 24 33,30 food handlers hadgood scores for knowledge, attitudes, and practices about the personal hygiene. Themost obvious difference of hygiene and sanitation of food handling practices betweenfood handlers that had positive food sample contamination and food handlers that hadnegative food sample contamination with Staphylococcus aureus bacteria was at thestage of leftover food handling, where food handler that had positive food samplecontamination with Staphylococcus aureus bacteria did not have a refigerator to storethe leftover food, so the food handler just kept the leftover food at room temperature, atthe time before anf after food reheating.Kata kunci bacteria food contamination hygiene sanitation Staphylococcus aureus"

"ABSTRAKSelama tahun 1984 hingga 1995 jumlah kendaraan di Jakarta meningkat dua setengah kali lipat, dari 1.213.352 kendaraan pada tahun 1984 menjadi 3.021.136 pada tahun 1995 (BPS, 1987; 1991 & 1991). Berdasarkan pemantauan BAPEDAL (World Bank, 1994), sekitar 85 % timbal di udara berasal dari lalu lintas kendaraan bensin yang menggunakan timbal (Pb). Laporan World Bank (1994), menunjukkan dari indikator kualitas udara pencemar di daerah perkotaan padat lalu lintas, telah melebihi baku mutu ambien nasional, yaitu timbal, belerang dioksida, dan nitrogen oksida.Timbal adalah bahan beracun yang dapat mengganggu kesehatan manusia, untuk melindungi kesehatan masyarakat, Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia menetapkan kandungan timbal maksimum pada buah dan olahannya sebesar 2,0 mg/kg.Di Jakarta banyak penjual buah-buahan di kios tepi jalan yang berjarak 3-5 meter dari jalan raya. Partikulat gas buang kendaraan yang mengandung timbal lepas ke udara, akan mencemari lingkungan sekitarnya termasuk kios buah beserta buah-buahan dagangannya. Umumnya, penjual tidak menutup buah-buahan dagangannya, sehingga debu udara yang bercampur partikulat timbal gas buang akan mudah mencemarinya.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah:1. Mengetahui pengaruh lama pemaparan buah anggur di kios buah tepi JI. Inspeksi Saluran Kali Malang, Jakarta Timur terhadap kadar cemaran timbal yang diduga dari gas buang kendaraan bermotor.2. Mengetahui seberapa jauh pengurangan kadar timbal pada buah anggur tercemar dengan pencucian air.Hipotesis penelitian adalah sebagai berikut:1. Semakin lama buah anggur dijajakan terbuka di kios buah tepi J1. Inspeksi Saluran Kali Malang, Jakarta Timur, akan semakin tinggi kadar timbalnya.2. Pencucian pada buah anggur terpapar, akan menurunkan kadar timbal cemaran timbal.Dalam penelitian ini, digunakan desain Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) untuk perlakuan pemaparan anggur selama 5 hari, setiap hari mulai pukul 06.00 hingga pukul 24.00 WIB; analisis statistik regresi linier sederhana untuk mengetahui kecenderungan lama waktu pamaparan anggur terhadap kadar timbal; digunakan hipotesis Uji F (o,05) untuk menguji apakah ada beda perlakuan pemaparan pada buah anggur antar waktu. Untuk percobaan pengurangan kadar timbal anggur hari ke 5 dengan tiga cara pencucian juga digunakan RAL, digunakan Uji-t (0.05) untuk mengetahui apakah ada beda nyata antar masing-masing perlakuan pencucian. Pengujian kadar Pb dengan metode Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) di laboratorium DNA Rekombinan MTP, Balai Penelitian Bioteknologi Tanaman Pangan, Departemen Pertanian di Bogor.Hasil pengujian kadar Pb sampel anggur percobaan dan hasil analisis statistik dilakukan dengan menggunakan program Microsoft Excel, adalah sebagai berikut:1. Rata-rata kadar timbal pada buah anggur yang dipaparkanldipajang di salah satu kios buah JI. Inspeksi Saluran Kali Malang Jakarta Timur dari hari ke 1 hingga hari ke 5 berturut-turut 2,60 ppm; 3,41 ppm; 3,82 ppm; 3,99 ppm; dan 4,18 ppm.2. Diperoleh persamaan garis regresi Y = 1,5218 + 0,4993 X yang menunjukkan hubungan positip.3. Penggunaan Uji F dengan tingkat kepercayaan 0,05 terhadap kadar Pb pada anggur karena efek lama pemaparan selama lima hari, diperoleh hasil F hitung 188,4051 > F tabel 5.12 3,1058, maka Ho ditolak, dapat disimpulkan ada perbedaan kadar Pb pada anggur karena perlakuan waktu pemaparan. 4. Uji t untuk data berpasangan, menggunakan tingkat kepercayaan 0,05 terhadap rata-rata kadar Pb pada anggur had ke 5 Vs kadar Pb pada anggur hari ke 5 yang mendapat tiga perlakuan pencucian, diperoleh kesimpulan tidak ada perbedaan rata-rata kadar Pb anggur hari ke 5 setelah dicuci air satu per satu Vs anggur hari ke 5 yang dicuci dengan air mengalir. Sedangkan perlakuan perendaman terhadap kedua perlakuan pencucian lainnya berbeda nyata.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat diambil kesimpulan:Semakin lama buah anggur dijajakan secara terbuka (lebih dari l8 jam) di kios tepi jalan raga, kadar cemaran timbalnya semakin tinggi sehingga melebihi peraturan Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Pencucian dengan air dapat mengurangi kadar timbal pada buah anggur tercemar. Kadar Pb yang tinggi pada buah anggur tersebut, merupakan indikator telah terjadi pencemaran Pb pada bahan pangan yang dijual di tepi jalan.Disarankan agar diberikan penyuluhan kepada pedagang buah, mengenai cara penjualan yang dapat mencegah cemaran timbal dari udara sekaligus memperpanjang masa simpan; kepada pembeli dianjurkan memilih anggur yang relatif segar dan mencucinya sebelum dimakan. Pemerintah agar mengurangi penggunaan bensin kadar timbal tinggi dan kemungkinan penerapan pajak untuk bahan bakar yang potensial mencemari udara, serta membangun sistem angkutan masal.

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ABSTRACT

During the first decades of 1980s and 1990s, especially between 1984 and 1996, the number of vehicle in Jakarta had increased about twice and a half, i.e. from 1,213,352 to 3,444,095. Based on BAPEDAL monitoring in 1991, it showed that 85% of lead toxic substance in the air pollution was brought about by the ever more heavy traffic on most of the roads and streets. World Bank reports (1994), showed that the indicators of air pollution quality in the traffic areas had reached more than the national ambient standard, including such substances as sulphur oxide, nitrogen oxide, lead, and so on.

Lead (Pb) is a toxic substance that recognized as health hazard for humans. In this regard, to protect from lead contamination, the Indonesian Government had decided to set up regulation on lead contained in fruits and its processing. It should be lower than 2.0 mg/kg.

In Jakarta, there are lots of fruit-stalls on the sidewalks of the back streets, the distance of which is less than 3 to 5m from the street ways. Lead release coming out from the car exhausts will mix up with the dust flying in the air and spread all over the places, including the fruit-stalls found at the sidewalks. Commonly, the fruits, including the grapes, are freely open or at least not properly wrapped up in plastic papers for hours, so that they tend to be easily reached by the dust blown out of the exhaust gas of the busy traffic on the street sides. The result is that any harmful substances like lead will easily contaminate the grapes and other fruits at the stalls.

The purpose this research as follows:

How much would the impact of the length exposure be on the probable level of lead accumulation in grapes sold at the sidewalk fruit stalls on JI. Inspeksi Saluran Kali Malang, Jakarta Timur? Would the washing up of the grapes with water significantly reduce the probable lead contaminant in them?

The hypotheses based on the problems above can. be formulated as follows:

The longer the exposure of the grapes as displayed at the sidewalk fruit stalls on JI. Inspeksi Saluran-Kalimalang, Jakarta Timur the higher the level of lead accumulation will be.

The washing up of the grapes displayed as such will significantly reduce the level of lead contaminant.

In order to provide an objective account for the tendency of the length of exposure that causes the probable lead contamination upon grapes on the spot, a linear regression statistic analysis was used. The data gathered for the purpose were taken out through a random sampling of the experimented grapes, sold at the stalls during the 1st day up to the 5th day of exposure. Whereas to get the answer to the question whether or not

In Jakarta, there are lots of fruit-stalls on the sidewalks of the back streets, the distance of which is less than 3 to 5m from the street ways. Lead release coming out from the car exhausts will mix up with the dust flying in the air and spread all over the places, including the fruit-stalls found at the sidewalks. Commonly, the fruits, including the grapes, are freely open or at least not properly wrapped up in plastic papers for hours, so that they tend to be easily reached by the dust blown out of the exhaust gas of the busy traffic on the street sides. The result is that any harmful substances like lead will easily contaminate the grapes and other fruits at the stalls.

The purpose this research as follows:

1. How much would the impact of the length exposure be on the probable level of lead accumulation in grapes sold at the sidewalk fruit stalls on JI. Inspeksi Saluran Kali Malang, Jakarta Timur?

2. Would the washing up of the grapes with water significantly reduce the probable lead contaminant in them?

The hypotheses based on the problems above can be formulated as follows:

1. The longer the exposure of the grapes as displayed at the sidewalk fruit stalls on Jl_ inspeksi Saluran-Kalimalang, Jakarta Timur the higher the level of lead accumulation will be.

2. The washing up of the grapes displayed as such will significantly reduce the [evel of read contaminant.

In order to provide an objective account for the tendency of the length of exposure that causes the probable lead contamination upon grapes on the spot, a linear regression statistic analysis was used. The data gathered for the purpose were taken out through a random sampling of the experimented grapes, sold at the stalls during the '1st day up to the 5th day of exposure. Whereas to get the answer to the question whether or not

Conclusion:

The longer the exposure of the grapes as displayed at the sidewalk fruit stalls (longer than 18 hours), the higher the level of lead accumulation will be over the standard maximum tolerable of the Department of Health. The way of washing the grapes diminish the level of lead contaminant. The high lead level in grapes is an indicator of air pollution into the foods sold at the road side.

Recommendation:

It is suggested that guidance be given to the grape sellers at the sidewalk stalls on the way exposing the grapes sold in order to avoid probable lead contaminant caused by air pollution as well as to prolong shelf life; it is recommended that the grape consumers choose fresher grapes as for as possible and wash them up before consuming_ It is also hope that the Government would phase out any remaining of lead additives in gasoline and the possibility of the applying the tax for gasoline of air pollution potency, and developing mass transportation."