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"Selama 40 tahun terakhir, kecamatan mengalami perubahan seiring perubahan kebijakan mengenai pemerintahan daerah. Perubahan kebijakan makro ini memerlukan penyesuaian pada tingkat organisasi dan operasional. Namun belum direspon baik oleh Pemerintah Pusat, dan gamang dalam memosisikan kecamatan, dengan tidak jelasnya bentuk organisasi kecamatan, camat diberi tugas urusan pemerintahan umum yang merupakan kewenangan kepala wilayah, dan tidak ada pedoman pengukuran kinerja kecamatan. Timbul masalah konseptual, yaitu bagaimana memosisikan kecamatan dalam penyelenggaraan pemerintahan daerah, apakah bagian unit kewilayahan yang diperluas perannya melalui desentralisasi dalam kota (Norton, 1994); unit yang menjalankan fungsi tertentu dalam rangka dekonsentrasi (Leemans, 1970); ataukah dipandang tidak relevan lagi dalam pengelolaan kota terpadu (Smith, 1985)? Hal ini dirumuskan dalam pertanyaan penelitian, yaitu: bagaimana dinamika kelembagaan kecamatan, mengapa itu terjadi, dan bagaimana kelembagaan kecamatan diposisikan. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori desentralisasi, pemerintahan daerah, pemerintahan wilayah, dan kelembagaan sebagai panduan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan konstruktifis dengan teknik kualitatif melalui studi kasus di Kecamatan Cikulur, Tulakan, Jatiuwung dan Bubutan. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan dinamika kelembagaan kecamatan lebih banyak disebabkan faktor eksogen daripada endogen. Selanjutnya, dilakukan reposisi kelembagaan kecamatan dalam tiga model, yaitu model kelembagaan kecamatan kawasan perkotaan, perdesaan dan hybrid.

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Local government has changed sub-district status over 40 years. This macro policy alters operations and organization. The Central Government must improve, and placing the sub-district is giddy. The sub-district head manages regional government and does not assess performance. Then a conceptual problem arises: how to position the sub-district in local government administration—as part of a local government unit whose role is expanded through decentralization within cities (Norton, 1994), as a unit that performs specific functions in deconcentration (Leemans, 1970), or as a unit no longer relevant in integrated city management (Smith, 1985). This is formulated in research questions, namely: how are the dynamics of sub-district institutions in the administration of local government, why does it happen, and how are sub-district institutions positioned? Rebuilding sub-district institutions needs knowing their dynamics and causes. Decentralization, local self-governance, local state government, institutional theory, and institutional dynamics drive this research. Four sub-districts—Cikulur, Tulakan, Jatiuwung, and Bubutan—are studied using constructivist case studies. The research found that exogenous factors caused the sub-district institutional dynamics more than endogenous ones. Three models—urban, rural, and hybrid—reposition sub-district institutions."

"ABSTRAKUrusan kehidupan beragama di Indonesia merupakan kewenangan pemerintah pusat sebagaimana dalam Pasal 10 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2014 tentang Pemerintah Daerah. Tetapi faktanya banyak peraturan daerah yang mengatur kehidupan beragama, sehingga hal ini tentu menimbulkan masalah. Dalam tulisan ini, penulis mencoba mengupas permasalahan norma dalam peraturan daerah yang mengatur kehidupan beragama di Indonesia dan desain pengaturan kehidupan beragama yang ideal dalam sistem ketatanegaraan di Indonesia sesuai Pancasila dan Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945.

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ABSTRACT

Indonesian religious life is in under authority of the central government as in Article 10 paragraph (1) of Law Number 23 Year 2014 on Regional Government. In fact, many local regulations governing related to religious life, so that it would cause problems. In this paper, the author tries to analyze the problems in the regulatory norms of religious life in Indonesia and the design of an ideal religious life settings in the constitutional system in Indonesia based on Pancasila and the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia Year 1945."

"ABSTRAKTarget awal implementasi online sebanyak 10.951 wajib pajak danbaru terpasang online sebanyak 4.978 wajib pajak sedangkan kebijakan onlinetelah berlangsung sejak tahun 2012. Online sistem terdiri dari online systemBRI dan e-pos merupakan bagian dari pelaksanaan e-government yangbertujuan untuk meningkatkan pelayanan kepada masyarakat. Ketika suatusistem berjalan sesuai dengan prinsip e-government, seharusnya masyarakatatau wajib pajak bersedia untuk dilakukan online system.Berdasarkan hal ini, dilakukan penelitian pada level implementasimenggunakan teori Grindle. Yang menjadi variable penelitian adalah isikebijakan dan lingkungan implementasi. Selain itu juga dilakukan penelitiankesesuaian online system dengan penerapan e-government denganmenggunakan pedoman OECD.

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ABSTRACTInitial targets of online implementation as much as 10 951 taxpayersand currently online as much as 4,978 taxpayers whereas this policy has beengoing on since 2012. Online system consists of an online system BRI and e-Pos ispart of the implementation of e-government which aims to improve services tocommunity. When a system is running in accordance with the principles of egovernment,community or taxpayers should be willing to do online system.Based on this, the research conducted at the level of implementationusing Grindle theory. Which becomes variable research is the contents of thepolicy and implementation environment. It also conducted research online systemconformity with the implementation of e-government by using the OECDguidelines."

"This study aims to examine the effect of budget forecast errors on budget deviations moderated by local governments’ overconfidence. The research sample used regency/city governments in Indonesia during the 2017-2019 period. The analysis tool uses Eviews version 10 and SPSS version 22. The results showed that budget forecast errors had a positive and significant effect on budget deviation, but the local government’s overconfidence cannot cause an effect of budget forecast errors on the budget deviation. Additional test results of this study also showed that regency/city governments who were overconfident tend to fail in controlling their budget which could cause a surplus or deficit compared to local governments that were not overconfident. The same conditions apply to budget forecast errors. This means that regency/city governments that are overconfident tend to estimate budgets that are too high for revenue and/or budget estimates that are too low for expenditure compared to local governments that are not overconfident. Consistent with the main test results, this study shows that budget forecast errors have a significant effect on budget deviation and tend to occur in the Central Indonesian region category. Furthermore, overconfident regency/city governments cannot moderate the effect of budget forecast errors on budget deviations. Finally, these findings indicate that there is no difference between the budget forecast errors and the budget deviation in the three categories of western, central, and eastern Indonesia."