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"Telah dilakukan perhitungan pergeseran fase hamburan pion-nukleon dengan menerapkan interaksi separabel rank-1 untuk gelombang parsial S, P, dan D. Bentuk separabel membuat persamaan Lippmann-Sehwinger dapat diselesaikan seeara analitik. Parameter interaksi ditentukan melalui fitting dengan data pergeseran fase dari analisa SAID. Keeocokan yang baik dieapai untuk momentum hingga 400 MeV/e, sementara tidak begitu baik untuk hingga 1500 MeV/c.

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Phaseshifts of pion-nucleon scattering have been calculated by using separable interaction of rank-l for the partial Waves S, P, and D. With the separable form, the Lipprnann-Schvvinger equation can be solved analytically. lnteraction parameters are determined through fitting with the phaseshift data from SAID analysis. Good fits can be achieved for the 1no1nenta up to 400 MeV/c, While not so good for up to 1500 MeV/c."

"[ABSTRAKSemakin baik dan banyaknya hasil eksperimen di bidang nuklir, menjadi faktor pendorongbagi fisikawan nuklir untuk melakukan penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai interaksidan struktur nuklir. Alhasil, banyak reaksi yang bertujuan untuk menjelaskan,membandingkan bahkan memperkirakan hal ini, salah satunya adalah fotoproduksikaon netral pada deuteron. Telah dipelajari sebuah model sederhana untuk reaksifotoproduksi kaon netral pada deuteron yaitu model isobar dengan menggunakanpendekatan impuls. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari penampang lintangeksklusif dan inklusif dari fotoproduksi kaon netral pada deuteron dengan beberapakeadaan kinematik, dan dibandingkan dengan eksperimen [6]. Hasil yang didapatkanmenunjukkan penampang lintang inklusif lebih besar daripada penampang lintangeksklusif karena pada penampang lintang inklusif hanya mendeteksi kaon saja, danuntuk penampang lintang eksklusif mendeteksi kaon dan hiperon secara simultan,makin banyak partikel yang dideteksi makin kecil penampang lintangnya. Penampanglintang eksklusif dengan momentum proton = 0 lebih besar dibandingkan denganmomentum proton tidak nol, hal ini dikarenakan peluang terjadinya reaksilebih besar ketika neutron dalam deuteron diam. Untuk penampang lintang eksklusifdengan variasi momentum proton, paling besar penampangnya berada pada arahsumbu Z, yaitu searah dengan masuknya proyektil foton riil saat terjadinya reaksi.Kaon paling banyak mengalami hamburan pada sudut kecil, sementara pada sudutyang besar penampang lintangnya kecil. Amplitudo transisi deuteron berperan pentingdalam reaksi eksklusif maupun inklusif yaitu dalam menentukan puncak-puncakkurva penampang lintang tersebut.

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ABSTRACTThe abundance experimental results in the nuclear eld, becomes a driving factor fornuclear physicists to conduct further research on interactions and nuclear structure.As a result, many reactions aims to explain, compare and even estimate it, one ofwhich is the neutral kaon photoproduction on deuteron. It has been studied a simplemodel for the reaction of the neutral kaon photoproduction on deuteron with isobarsmodel using impulse approximation. This research aims to learn the exclusiveand inclusive cross section of neutral kaon photoproduction on deuteron with somekinematic state, and compared with experiments [6]. The results obtained indicatethe inclusive cross section larger than the exclusive cross section because for theinclusive cross section only detect kaon, and exclusive cross section detect kaon andhyperon simultaneously, more particles are detected the smaller cross section will be.Exclusive cross section with proton momentum = 0 is larger than when proton momentumis not zero, because of the possibilty for greater reaction is when a neutronin the deuteron is not moving. For the exclusive cross section with variation protonmomentum, the largest cross section is in the axis-Z, that have the same directionwith the entry of projectile photon real. Kaon experiences the most scattering atsmall angles, while at large angles have a small cross section. Transition amplitudeon deuteron plays an important role in the reaction that exclusive or inclusive indetermining the peaks of the cross section of the curve, The abundance experimental results in the nuclear eld, becomes a driving factor fornuclear physicists to conduct further research on interactions and nuclear structure.As a result, many reactions aims to explain, compare and even estimate it, one ofwhich is the neutral kaon photoproduction on deuteron. It has been studied a simplemodel for the reaction of the neutral kaon photoproduction on deuteron with isobarsmodel using impulse approximation. This research aims to learn the exclusiveand inclusive cross section of neutral kaon photoproduction on deuteron with somekinematic state, and compared with experiments [6]. The results obtained indicatethe inclusive cross section larger than the exclusive cross section because for theinclusive cross section only detect kaon, and exclusive cross section detect kaon andhyperon simultaneously, more particles are detected the smaller cross section will be.Exclusive cross section with proton momentum = 0 is larger than when proton momentumis not zero, because of the possibilty for greater reaction is when a neutronin the deuteron is not moving. For the exclusive cross section with variation protonmomentum, the largest cross section is in the axis-Z, that have the same directionwith the entry of projectile photon real. Kaon experiences the most scattering atsmall angles, while at large angles have a small cross section. Transition amplitudeon deuteron plays an important role in the reaction that exclusive or inclusive indetermining the peaks of the cross section of the curve]"

"Telah dilakukan perhitungan pergeseran fase hamburan Pion Nukleon untuk gelombang parsial S; P dan D, dan untuk isospin 1, 2 dan 32 . Interaksi menggunakan bentuk separabel rank-1 dan rank-2. Parameter interaksi ditentukan melalui fittting dengan data pergeseran fase analisis SAID. Didapatkan bahwa rank-1 dan rank-2 dapat memfit data dengan baik sampai momentum 400 MeV/c. Disamping itu, rank -2 dapat menjelaskan cukup baik sampai momentum 1200 MeV/c.

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Phaseshift of Pion-Nucleon Scattering has been calculated for the partial waves

S; P, and D, and for the isospin 1,2 and 3

2 . The interaction is assumed to take the separable form of rank-1 and rank-2. Interaction parameters are determined through fitting with the phaseshift data of SAID analysis. It is found that the rank-1 and rank-2 can fit the data quite well for the momentum up to 400 MeV/c. Meanwhile, the rank-2 can describe the data fairly well for the momentum up to 1200 MeV/c."

"Penelitian ini mempelajari reaksi substitusi nukleofilik antara benzil klorida dan kalium sianida. Reaksi substitusi nukleofilik antara reaktan organik dan anorganik membutuhkan katalis transfer fasa agar reaktan non polar dan polar dapat berinteraksi. Pada peneliltian ini, cairan ionik 1-butil-3metil immidazolium klorida digunakan untuk menggantikan katalis transfer fasa yang umumnya tidak ramah lingkungan. Cairan ionik [BMIM]Cl diimobilisasi ke dalam silika gel yang memiliki luas permukaan yang besar dan memiliki fungsi sebagai adsorben untuk mendapatkan katalis [BMIM]Cl-silika gel. Katalis [BMIM]Cl-silika gel dikarakterisasi dengan FT-IR untuk menentukan dimana cairan ionik teradsorbsi oleh silika gel. Reaksi substitusi nukleofilik antara benzil klorida dan kalium sianida dilakukan dengan menvariasikan waktu reaksi dari 3 jam sampai 10 jam dan persen berat katalis 2%, 5% dan 7% pada suhu ruang. Produk reaksi dianalisis dengan FT-IR, GC dan GC-MS dan ditemukan bahwa reaksi optimum dicapai pada waktu 5 jam dan 2% berat katalis dimana sebanyak 43.02% benzil klorida terkonversi menjadi benzil sianida. Pembentukan benzil sianida dikonfirmasi dengan metode GC-MS. Studi perbandingan dilakukan dengan mereaksikan menggunakan katalis [BMIM]Cl yang tidak diimobilisasi dan ini membuktikan bahwa katalis [BMIM]Cl yang tidak diimobilisasi ke dalam silika gel tidak selektif untuk benzil sianida.

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The research studied the nucleophilic substitution reaction between benzyl chloride and potassium cyanide. Nucleophilic substitution reaction between organic reactant and inorganic reactan requires phase transfer catalyst to enable the non polar reactant to interact with the polar reactant. In this research, ionic liquid material 1-butyl-3-methyl immidazolium chloride [BMIM]Cl was used to replace the phase transfer catalyst, which is normally environmental unfriendly. Ionic liquid [BMIM]Cl was immobilized into silica gel, which has high surface area and has the function as an adsorbent, to obtain the catalyst, [BMIM]Cl-silica gel. Catalyst [BMIM]Cl-silica gel was characterized by FT-IR to determine where the ionic liquid was adsorbed by the silica gel. The catalyst nucleophilic reactions between benzyl chloride and potassium cyanide was carried out by varying the reaction periods form 3 hours to 10 hours and weight percentage of catalyst 2%, 5% and & 7% at room temperature. The reaction products were analyzed by FT-IR, GC and GC-MS and it was found that the optimum reaction was achived in 5 hours using 2% weight of catalyst in which 43.02% benzyl chloride was converted onto benzyl cyanide. The formation of benzyl cyanide was confirmed by GC-MS method. A comparison study was conducted with unmobilized ionic liquid and it was found that the unmobilized [BMIM]Cl into silica gel was none selective toward the product benzyl cyanide."

"Pada penelitian ini telah dilakukan sintesis polistirena melalui polimerisasi radikal terkontrol menggunakan metode Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP) serta mempelajari pengaruh variasi waktu reaksi, variasi konsentrasi ligan, katalis, dan inisiator terhadap persen konversi, distribusi berat molekul, dan indeks polidispersitas. Variasi kondisi reaksi dilakukan untuk mendapatkan komposisi optimum sintesis polistirena dengan persen konversi tinggi, distribusi berat molekul sempit, dan indeks polidispersitas kecil (≈1). Polistirena telah berhasil disintesis dengan metode ATRP menggunakan ligan PMDETA, katalis CuBr, inisiator EBiB, dan pelarut sikloheksanon. Parameter keberhasilan dilihat dari persen konversi dan berbagai hasil karakterisasi seperti FTIR, GPC, dan DSC. Komposisi optimum sintesis polistirena yaitu pada konsentrasi ligan 4%, katalis 2%, dan inisiator 4% terhadap 100% mol stirena. Persen konversi polistirena pada komposisi optimum mencapai 91,4% dan diperoleh nilai indeks polidispersitas sebesar 1,17, rata-rata berat molekul 3.526 g/mol, dan suhu transisi gelas 72,42°C.

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This research has been conducted synthesis of polystyrene through controlled radical polymerization by using Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP) method and also studied about the influence of variation of time reactions, variation of ligand, catalyst, and initiator concentrations toward conversion percentage, molecular weight distribution, and polydispersity index. The condition of variation reactions has been done to obtain the optimum composition of reaction thus it got polystyrene with higher conversion percentage, a narrow range of molecular weight distribution, and small index of polydispersity (≈1). Polystyrene has been successfully synthesized by ATRP method using PMDETA as ligand, CuBr as catalyst, EBiB as initiator, and cyclohexanone as solvent. The parameter of successful can be seen from the percentage of conversion and various results of characterization such as FTIR, GPC, and DSC. The optimum composition to synthesis of polystyrene where the concentration of ligand is 4%, catalyst is 2%, and initiator is 4% against 100% mol of styrene. The conversion percentage of polystyrene at the optimum composition reached 91.4% and obtained the result of polydispersity index by 1.17, the average molecular weight is 3.526 g/mol, and the glass transition temperature is 72.42°C."

"[ABSTRAKTindakan invasif yang didapat anak selama dirawat menimbulkan reaksi nyeri.Perawat perlu mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan reaksi nyeri.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang berhubungandengan reaksi nyeri akibat tindakan invasif. Desain penelitian adalah penelitianobservasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional dengan teknik pengambilansampel dilakukan secara non probability sampling melalui consecutive samplingdengan jumlah responden sebanyak 90 orang. Analisa data multivariatmenggunakan uji statistik regresi multinomial. Hasil analisis menunjukkanterdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara ketakutan dengan reaksi nyeri (p value= 0,018). Anak yang takut memiliki peluang 5 kali untuk terjadinya reaksi nyerikategori menghindar dibandingkan anak yang tidak takut. Perawat perlumelakukan intervensi keperawatan yang dapat mengurangi ketakutan pada anaksehingga reaksi nyeri kategori menghindar dapat diminimalkan.

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ABSTRACTInvasive treatments to the children during the period of hospitalization cause painreactions. The nurses need to know the factors related to pain reactions. Thestudy aims to identify the factors related with pain reactions related to invasivetreatments. The design of this study is observational research with cross sectionalapproach by using non probability sampling method through consecutivesampling with the amount of 90 children respondents. Multivariate data analysisuse multinomial regression statistic test. The result of the analysis indicated thatthere was a significant relationship between fear and pain reaction (p value =0,018). The emergence of pain reaction ?avoidance? from the children who are infear is as much 5 times greater than children who are not in fear. Nurses need toconduct nursing interventions that can reduce fear in the children behavior inorder to minimize pain reaction in form of avoidance.;Invasive treatments to the children during the period of hospitalization cause painreactions. The nurses need to know the factors related to pain reactions. Thestudy aims to identify the factors related with pain reactions related to invasivetreatments. The design of this study is observational research with cross sectionalapproach by using non probability sampling method through consecutivesampling with the amount of 90 children respondents. Multivariate data analysisuse multinomial regression statistic test. The result of the analysis indicated thatthere was a significant relationship between fear and pain reaction (p value =0,018). The emergence of pain reaction ?avoidance? from the children who are infear is as much 5 times greater than children who are not in fear. Nurses need toconduct nursing interventions that can reduce fear in the children behavior inorder to minimize pain reaction in form of avoidance., Invasive treatments to the children during the period of hospitalization cause painreactions. The nurses need to know the factors related to pain reactions. Thestudy aims to identify the factors related with pain reactions related to invasivetreatments. The design of this study is observational research with cross sectionalapproach by using non probability sampling method through consecutivesampling with the amount of 90 children respondents. Multivariate data analysisuse multinomial regression statistic test. The result of the analysis indicated thatthere was a significant relationship between fear and pain reaction (p value =0,018). The emergence of pain reaction “avoidance” from the children who are infear is as much 5 times greater than children who are not in fear. Nurses need toconduct nursing interventions that can reduce fear in the children behavior inorder to minimize pain reaction in form of avoidance.]"

"Pasien pediatri merupakan kelompok yang rentan akan terjadinya Efek Samping Obat (ESO), dikarenakan perbedaan farmakokinetika, farmakodinamika, dan kematangan sistem tubuh yang berbeda dengan pasien dewasa. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis ESO antimikroba yang terjadi pada pasien pediatri COVID-19 dengan menggunakan metode trigger tool dimodifikasi dan algoritma Naranjo dan mengetahui antimikroba penyebab ESO. Kejadian Tidak Diinginkan (KTD) dideteksi dengan trigger tool yang dimodifikasi dan analisis kausalitas dianalisis dengan algoritma Naranjo. Studi cross-sectional ini dilakukan pada pasien pediatri yang dirujuk pada unit rawat inap RSUD Pasar Minggu dari Agustus 2020 hingga Juli 2021. Dari 120 pasien, didapatkan 119 pasien mengalami 389 kasus ESO dengan tingkat probabilitas sebesar 67,7% kasus possible dan 6,1% probable. ESO yang paling banyak ditemukan adalah ulser (84,2%), hipersensitivitas (39,2%), dan mual (27,5%). Obat yang diduga sebagai penyebabnya adalah seftriakson dan azitromisin. Kemampuan trigger tool dan naranjo untuk mendeteksi ESO ditunjukkan dengan Positive Predictive Value (PPV) berada pada rentang 0 hingga 1. Metode trigger tool yang dimodifikasi dan algoritma Naranjo dapat digunakan untuk mendeteksi ESO yang terjadi pada pasien pediatri. Seftriakson dan azitromisin adalah antimikroba dengan penyebab ESO tertinggi pada pasien pediatri COVID-19 dari hasil penelitian ini.

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The pediatric population is vulnerable to ADRs due to the different pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and maturity of pediatric body systems compared to adults. The purposes of this study were to analyze antimicrobial ADRs in pediatric COVID-19 patients using a modified trigger tool and Naranjo algorithm and to determine the antimicrobials most associated with ADRs. Adverse Effects (AEs) were detected using a modified trigger tool, and causality assessment was analyzed using the Naranjo algorithm. This cross-sectional study was performed on pediatric patients with COVID-19 admitted to Pasar Minggu District Hospital from August 2020 until July 2021. A total of 120 patients, 119 patients were observed with 389 ADRs. According to the Naranjo scale, probable cases were 6,1%, and possible cases were 67,7%. The most common ADRs in pediatric patients are ulcer (84,2%), hypersensitivity (39,2%), and nausea (27,5%). The effectiveness of the modified trigger tool and Naranjo algorithms at detecting ADRs were calculated with Positive Predictive Value (PPV), ranging from 0 to 1. Modified trigger tool and Naranjo algorithm are applicable for ADRs detection in pediatric patients. Based on this study results, Ceftriaxone and azithromycin are the most common antibiotics associated with ADRs in pediatric COVID-19 patients."