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"Computer simulation program has been developed on the basis of Liapunov approach for the study of MRAC technique applied to pressure control for a vacuum system. Both proportional and integral feedback as well as disturbance feedforward is considered in the closed-loop system. The simulation result obtained with a personal computer demonstrates that this MRAC technique is feasible and provides effective and satisfactory control despite its poor initial control policies and wide range of choice for the adaptive gains. For a series of step disturbance, MRAC resulted in continually improved control with very good agreement obtained between process and reference model responses after the second disturbance."

"To fill an existing need within the vacuum industry, this hands-on reference book focuses on the basic and practical issues of vacuum technology... from startup to finished product. It's an everyday tool that provides information on maintenance requirements and cautions, actual case histories for oil-hardening and gas-quenching materials and sintering, details for special processes in vacuum, and advice for leak detection troubleshooting."

"Terdapat permasalahan berkaitan dengan ketersediaan air tawar di seluruh dunia. Terlepas dari fakta bahwa 70% Bumi terdiri dari air, hanya 2,53% darinya adalah air tawar, dan hanya 0,36% darinya dapat diakses. Situasi semakin memburuk karena pertumbuhan populasi dan kebutuhan air yang melampaui kapasitas eksploitasi. Fokus penelitian ini adalah solusi untuk desalinasi air laut. Teknologi ini menghasilkan air tawar dengan efektif melalui proses penguapan dan kondensasi. Pemanfaatan teknologi ini berfokus pada daerah terpencil yang memiliki keterbatasan dalam pasokan energi listrik. Salah satu inovasi baru adalah penggabungan dengan Direct Spray Evaporator untuk meningkatkan temperatur air laut dan efisiensi desalinasi.Penelitian dan perancangan ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk membuat prototipe dan meningkatkan performa dari sistem solar still untuk menghasilkan air tawar. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan memvariasikan beberapa faktor atau variabel, seperti feed water temperatur pada 50oC, 55oC, 60oC, 65oC, 70oC, dan 80oC; feed water flowrate pada 0,4 LPM, 0,5 LPM, dan 0,6 LPM; vacuum pressure pada -0,4 bar, -0,5 bar, dan -0,6 bar; dan cooling water temperatur pada 25oC, 27oC, dan 29oC. Beberapa variasi tersebut dibuat untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari masing-masing variabel terhadap destilate productivity dan menentukan kondisi optimal dari pengoprasian solar still desalination. Performa kinerja solar still paling efektif dicapai pada temperatur air umpan 80°C, laju aliran 0,6 LPM, tekanan vakum -0,6 bar, temperatur air pendingin 29°C dengan laju aliran 1,4 LPM, menghasilkan 0,22 liter air destilat, recovery rate 0,61%, specific energy consumption 57092,39 kJ/L, dan efisiensi termal 66,63%, menunjukkan potensi tinggi sistem ini.

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There is a problem related to the availability of fresh water throughout the world. Despite the fact that 70% of the Earth consists of water, only 2.53% of it is fresh water, and only 0.36% of it is accessible. The situation is getting worse due to population growth and water needs that exceed the exploitation capacity. The focus of this research is a solution for seawater desalination. This technology produces fresh water effectively through the process of evaporation and condensation. The use of this technology focuses on remote areas that have limited electricity supply. One of the new innovations is the combination with Direct Spray Evaporator to increase seawater temperatur and desalination efficiency.

This research and design were carried out with the aim of making a prototype and improving the performance of the solar still system to produce fresh water. This research was carried out by varying several factors or variables, such as feed water temperatur at 50oC, 55oC, 60oC, 65oC, 70oC, and 80oC; feed water flowrate at 0.4 LPM, 0.5 LPM, and 0.6 LPM; vacuum pressure at -0.4 bar, -0.5 bar, and -0.6 bar; and cooling water temperatur at 25oC, 27oC, and 29oC. Several variations were made to determine the effect of each variable on distillate productivity and determine the optimal conditions for operating solar still desalination. The most effective solar still performance was achieved at a feed water temperatur of 80°C, a flow rate of 0.6 LPM, a vacuum pressure of -0.6 bar, a cooling water temperatur of 29°C with a flow rate of 1.4 LPM, producing 0.22 liters of distillate water, a recovery rate of 0.61%, a specific energy consumption of 57092.39 kJ/L, and a thermal efficiency of 66.63%, indicating the high potential of this system."

"Back analysis parameter-parameter konsolidasi dilakukan pada proses penurunan tanah secara konsolidasi dengan pembebanan vakum pada metode perbaikan tanah dengan PVD pada jalan tol Palembang-Indralaya. Parameter konsolidasi yang dianalisis adalah koefisien konsolidasi, tekanan pra-konsolidasi, indeks kompresi dan kompresi, dan permeabilitas tanah horizontal.  Evaluasi derajat konsolidasi pertama kali dilakukan untuk menilai kemajuan konsolidasi dengan menggunakan data lapangan penurunan tanah dan tekanan air pori. Perilaku penurunan tanah terhadap waktu hasil monitoring lapangan dapat dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode Asaoka tidak hanya untuk mengestimasi derajat konsolidasi dan penurunan tanah akhir, tetapi juga koefisien konsolidasi dan permeabilitas tanah. Karena tekanan air pori juga memainkan peran penting dalam konsolidasi vakum, menjadi hal yang penting untuk melakukan back analysis menggunakan perilaku tekanan air pori selama proses konsolidasi. Parameter konsolidasi yang diperoleh dari back analysis kemudian dibandingkan dengan parameter yang diperoleh dari hasil laboratorium. Hasil back analysis ini kemudian divalidasi menggunakan analisis elemen hingga 3D dan 2D.

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A back analysis of important consolidation parameters was conducted on vacuum preloading consolidation settlement of PVD improved ground of Palembang-Indralaya toll road. Consolidation parameters analysed are the coefficient of consolidation, pre-consolidation stress, recompression and compression index, and horizontal soil permeability. Degree of consolidation evaluation was first carried out to assess the consolidation progress by using both field settlement and pore water pressure data. Field time-settlement behavior can be analysed using Asaoka method not only to predict the degree of consolidation and ultimate settlement, but also coefficient of consolidation and soil permeability. Since pore water pressure also plays an important role in vacuum consolidation, it is important to back analysed using pore water pressure behavior during the consolidation process. Consolidation parameters obtained from the back analysis then compared with parameters obtained from laboratory results. These results of back analysis then validated using a 3D and 2D finite element analysis."