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"Summary:An exploration of the ways in which children learned and were taught to read, against the background of the transition from Ottoman Empire to Turkish Republic. This study gives us a fresh perspective on the transition from empire to republic by showing us the ways that reading was central to the construction of modernity."

"Article described the code sound reading system applied in I Can Read(ICR) Greenville language center. The research was done qualitatively through the observation of teaching and learning process in three different classes of ICR I level at the center. A pre-test and post-test for reading were taken from Book 2 of ICR 1. Participants were three classes with three different teachers having different working experiences. The results of the research were: (l) the use of code sounds in reading was useful to improve students' reading skill which was shown by the increasing of correctly pronounced code sounds, (2) the students' reading skill and reading comprehension had improved, regardless the teachers' teaching style. In conclusion, a code sound reading system is successful in helping students to improve their reading skill and reading comprehension regardless the teachers teaching style."

"Perkembangan e-learning meningkat setiap tahunnya. tingkat pertumbuhan rata-rata per-tahun sebesar 7,9% dengan total e-learning market 52,5 Miliyar USD di seluruh dunia. Sebagai posisi ke-8 tingkat pertumbuhan e-learning tertinggi di dunia, Indonesia memiliki total e-learning market USD 12,2 miliar dengan tingkat pertumbuhan rata-rata 25% pada tahun 2017. Indonesia memiliki potensi besar untuk mengembangkan e-learning yang lebih besar dan prospektif. Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia berencana menetapkan e-learning secara permanen dengan mengubah pembelajaran tradisional menjadi hybrid learning termasuk pada tingkat sekolah dasar. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk merancang rekomendasi strategi yang mempengaruhi penggunaan berkelanjutan untuk menerapkan e-learning di tingkat sekolah dasar. Model konseptual dikembangkan berdasarkan dua teori, yaitu Expectation Confirmation Model of IS Continuance (IS-ECM) dan Information System Success Model (ISSM). Total data responden penelitian ini adalah 195 sampel yang dianalisis menggunakan metode Partial Least Square SEM (PLS-SEM). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 4 dari 11 hipotesis ditolak karena tidak memenuhi persyaratan yaitu H1, H4, H7, dan H10. Berdasarkan hasil ini, terdapat 10 rekomendasi strategi yang diajukan dan dinilai oleh beberapa expert. Penilaian menggunakan metode integrasi importance-performance analysis (IPA) dan Kano, dimana terdapat 4 strategi dipilih sebagai prioritas perbaikan dan 3 strategi dipilih sebagai prioritas pertahanan.

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The demand for e-learning has increased every year. Its annual worldwide average growth rate is 7.9%, with a total worldwide e-learning market of USD 52.5 billion. As the 8th position of the highest growth rate e-learning worldwide, Indonesia had a total of e-learning market USD 12.2 billion with an average growth rate of 25% in 2017. Indonesia has great potential to develop a bigger and more prospective e-learning business. The Minister of Education and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia plans to set e-learning permanent by changing traditional learning into hybrid learning including at the elementary school level. The purpose of this paper is to design strategies recommendations for increasing continuance intention to apply e-learning at the primary school level. The conceptual model was developed based on two theories: The Expectation Confirmation Model of IS Continuance (IS-ECM) and the Information System Success Model (ISSM). It involved a total of 195 respondents and used the Partial Least Square SEM (PLS-SEM) method for data analysis. The results showed that 4 of the 11 hypotheses were rejected because they do not meet the requirements, such as H1, H4, H7, and H10. Based on these results, 10 strategic recommendations were submitted and assessed by several experts. The assessment was carried out by the integration method of importance-performance analysis (IPA) and Kano, where 4 strategies are selected as improvements strategic priorities, and 3 strategies are selected as keep up the good work strategic priorities."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini berfokus kepada peningkatan pemahaman membaca pelajar SMP dengan menggunakan metode pembelajaran kolaboratif. Selain itu, penelitian ingin mengetahui sikap mereka terhadap pembelajaran kolaboratif. Menurut Barkley, Cross, Major 2005 , metode pembelajaran kolaboratif mampu meningkatkan pemahaman membaca pelajar. Penelitian ini dilakukan di sebuah lembaga kursus bahasa Inggris di Jakarta. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental. Penelitian ini dilakukan di dua kelas, kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol. Pelajar di kelas eksperimen berjumlah 15 orang dan pelajar yang belajar di kelas control berjumlah 12 orang. Peneliti merupakan pengajar di kedua kelas tersebut. Kedua kelas diberi tes awal dan tes akhir yang menguji pemahaman membaca mereka. Kelas eksperimen diajar dengan menggunakan metode pembelajaran kolaboratif selama satu bulan. Pelajar di kelas eksperimen juga mencatat kegiatan mereka dalam lembar evaluasi diri dan lembar evaluasi teman sejawat. Di kelas kontrol, kegiatan belajar berjalan seperti biasa dengan materi pelajaran yang disamakan dengan materi yang digunakan di kelas eksperimen. Setelah perlakuan selesai, kelas eksperimen dan kontrol diberikan tes akhir. Di kelas eksperimen, peneliti juga membagikan kuesioner untuk mengukur sikap mereka terhadap metode pembelajaran kolaboratif. Hasil penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa metode pembelajaran kolaboratif cukup efektif dalam meningkatkan pemahaman membaca pelajar SMP. Selain itu, sikap pelajar, yang secara keseluruhan bersikap positif, berkolerasi terhadap keberhasilan metode pembelajaran kolaboratif.

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ABSTRACTThis research focuses on improving the reading comprehension of junior high school students by using collaborative learning method. In addition, this study also aims to observe their attitudes toward collaborative learning. The research was conducted at an English language institution in Jakarta. This research applied an experimental research approach with 15 students in the experimental class and 12 students in the control class. The researcher was the teacher in both classes. Both classes were given the pre test and post test to assess their reading comprehension. The experimental class was taught using the collaborative learning method for one month. Students in the experimental class also recorded their activities. Meanwhile in the control class, the learning activities applied the regular learning approach. After the program was completed, the experimental and control classes were given a post test. In the experimental class, the researcher also distributed a questionnaire to assess students rsquo attitudes towards the collaborative learning method. The results of this study have revealed that the collaborative learning method is quite effective in improving the reading comprehension of junior high school students. In addition, the attitudes of junior high schools were mostly positive and have contributed to the success of implementing the collaborative learning method. "