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"ABSTRAKA direct solvent-extraction method was evaluated to assess its application for the extraction and analysis of PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) in coal-tar-contaminated soils. Eight individual solvents and two combined solvents were used in a screening test to determine the suitability of different solvents for the direct solvent-extraction method. Based on the extracted concentrations of the Total PAH, noncarcinogenic ride - were selected for further investigation by testing these solvents on four coal-tar-contaminated soils and a certified PAH -contaminated soil. The extraction results for the Total PAH and N-PAH concentrations showed that there were no statistical differences for the three solvents at a confidence interval of 95%. However, ethanol gave lower concentrations of C-PAH than acetone and methylene chloride. Fifteen coal-tar-contaminated soil samples from a land farming treatment unit were used to compare the direct solvent-extraction method using acetone as the extraction solvent with the conventional Soxhlet extraction method (EPA method 3540) and ultrasonic extraction method (EPA Method 3550). The results showed that the direct solvent-extraction method gave higher mean PAH concentrations than the Soxhlet and ultrasonic extraction method and that the direct extraction method was equivalent to the Soxhlet method at a confidence interval of 99%. Because of its simplicity of use and its equivalent extraction capability with the Soxhlet extraction method, the direct solvent-extraction method may be used as a technique for the extraction and analysis of PAHs in contaminated soil."

"There is a growing understanding that to be competitive at an international level, civil engineers not only must build on their traditional strengths in technology and science but also must acquire greater mastery of the business of civil engineering. Project management, teamwork, ethics, leadership, and communication have been defined as essential to the successful practice of civil engineering by the ASCE in the 2008 landmark publication, Civil Engineering Body of Knowledge for the 21st Century (BOK2). This single-source guide is the first to take the practical skills defined by the ASCE BOK2 and provide illuminating techniques, quotes, case examples, problems, and information to assist the reader in addressing the many challenges facing civil engineers in the real world. -- Book Description. "

"Buku yang berjudul "Pile design and construction practice" ini ditulis oleh M. J. Tomlinson. Buku ini membahas tentang desain dan konstruksi bangunan."

"ABSTRAKPembangunan konstruksi bangunan sipil tidak selalu berada di atas tanah dasaryang relatif baik, tanah lunak sebagai konsekwensi tempat pelaksanaan konstruksimenjadi kendala terutama pada proses konsolidasi yang nilainya cukup besardengan waktu yang lama.Dalam pemodelan tanah berdasarkan parameter hasil uji lapangan dan ujilaboratorium perlu ketelitian dan pemahaman yang komprehensif sehinggadiperoleh pemodelan tanah yang mendekati kondisi ideal di lapangan. Denganpemodelan yang akurat akan diperoleh estimasi settlement konsolidasi yangmendekati kondisi lapangan sehingga deviasi settlement hasil analisis teori danpelaksanaan di lapangan bisa diminimalisir.Dari hasil penelitian, perbaikan tanah dengan preloading dan drainase vertikalakan mempercepat proses settlement konsolidasi. Optimalisasi desain preloadingdan drainase vertikal ( jarak spasi, kedalaman instalasi dan property material )sangat mempengaruhi besaran settlement konsolidasi yang dihasilkan. Denganperencanaan perbaikan tanah yang baik, akan menghasilkan waktu konsolidasiyang cepat dan biaya konstruksi yang ekonomis."