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"ABSTRAK Setelah perang kemerdekaan dari Prancis (1954 ? 1962), Aljazairmengalami perang saudara pada tahun 1990an antara agama dan pemerintah yangmenyebabkan perempuan menjadi korban dengan pembatasan aktivitas mereka.Beberapa perempuan tidak menerima keadaan tersebut dan melakukanemansipasi, salah satunya dengan menulis. Salah satu penulis perempuan feminisAljazair adalah Maïssa Bey dengan karya pertamanya, yaitu Au commencementétait la mer. Di dalam novel ini, Bey mendeskripsikan diskriminasi gender yangdialami oleh perempuan Aljazair pada masa tersebut serta perlawanan terhadapdiskriminasi yang dilakukan oleh perempuan dan laki-laki. Melalui analisis unsurintrinsik yang menggunakan teori struktural Roland Barthes mengenai hubungansintagmatik dan paradigmatik dan teori sekuen M. P. Schmitt dan Alain Viala,ditemukan tiga bentuk diskriminasi gender dalam novel ini, yaitu stereotip,marginalisasi, dan subordinasi. Selain itu, diketahui pula bahwa laki-laki ataupunperempuan dapat menjadi pelaku ataupun penentang diskriminasi. Perlawananyang dilakukan terhadap diskriminasi gender berupa penggugatan stereotip sertadukungan terhadap emansipasi perempuan untuk menghilangkan marginalisasi,sedangkan subordinasi masih belum dapat dihindari karena berkaitan denganbudaya patriarkal yang dianut oleh masyarakat. Kepala keluarga memiliki peran penting dalam diskriminasi gender ini.ABSTRACT After the war of independence from France (1954 ? 1962), Algeriaexperienced a civil war in the 1990s between religion and the government that ledto women becoming victims to restrictions on their activities. Some women didnot accept this situation and did the emancipation, by writing. One of Algerianfeminist writers is Maïssa Bey with her first work, named Au commencement étaitla mer. In this novel, Bey describes gender discrimination experienced byAlgerian women in the era as well as the fight against it done by women and men.Through analysis of the intrinsic unsure which use the structural theory of RolandBarthes syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations and M. P. Schmitt and AlainViala theory of sequences, found three forms of gender discrimination in thisnovel, such as stereotypes, marginalization, and subordination. In addition, alsoknown that men and women could be perpetrators or opposing discrimination.The resistance to gender discriminations could be criticizing stereotypes as well assupporting the women emancipation to eliminate marginalization, whereassubordination still cannot be avoided because it is associated with patriarchalculture embraced by the community. The head of family has an important role in this gender discrimination.;After the war of independence from France (1954 ? 1962), Algeriaexperienced a civil war in the 1990s between religion and the government that ledto women becoming victims to restrictions on their activities. Some women didnot accept this situation and did the emancipation, by writing. One of Algerianfeminist writers is Maïssa Bey with her first work, named Au commencement étaitla mer. In this novel, Bey describes gender discrimination experienced byAlgerian women in the era as well as the fight against it done by women and men.Through analysis of the intrinsic unsure which use the structural theory of RolandBarthes syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations and M. P. Schmitt and AlainViala theory of sequences, found three forms of gender discrimination in thisnovel, such as stereotypes, marginalization, and subordination. In addition, alsoknown that men and women could be perpetrators or opposing discrimination.The resistance to gender discriminations could be criticizing stereotypes as well assupporting the women emancipation to eliminate marginalization, whereassubordination still cannot be avoided because it is associated with patriarchalculture embraced by the community. The head of family has an important role in this gender discrimination.;After the war of independence from France (1954 ? 1962), Algeriaexperienced a civil war in the 1990s between religion and the government that ledto women becoming victims to restrictions on their activities. Some women didnot accept this situation and did the emancipation, by writing. One of Algerianfeminist writers is Maïssa Bey with her first work, named Au commencement étaitla mer. In this novel, Bey describes gender discrimination experienced byAlgerian women in the era as well as the fight against it done by women and men.Through analysis of the intrinsic unsure which use the structural theory of RolandBarthes syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations and M. P. Schmitt and AlainViala theory of sequences, found three forms of gender discrimination in thisnovel, such as stereotypes, marginalization, and subordination. In addition, alsoknown that men and women could be perpetrators or opposing discrimination.The resistance to gender discriminations could be criticizing stereotypes as well assupporting the women emancipation to eliminate marginalization, whereassubordination still cannot be avoided because it is associated with patriarchalculture embraced by the community. The head of family has an important role in this gender discrimination."

"ABSTRAKSetelah perang kemerdekaan dari Prancis (1954 ? 1962), Aljazair mengalami perang saudara pada tahun 1990an antara agama dan pemerintah yang menyebabkan perempuan menjadi korban dengan pembatasan aktivitas mereka. Beberapa perempuan tidak menerima keadaan tersebut dan melakukan emansipasi, salah satunya dengan menulis. Salah satu penulis perempuan feminis Aljazair adalah Maïssa Bey dengan karya pertamanya, yaitu Au commencement était la mer. Di dalam novel ini, Bey mendeskripsikan diskriminasi gender yang dialami oleh perempuan Aljazair pada masa tersebut serta perlawanan terhadap diskriminasi yang dilakukan oleh perempuan dan laki-laki. Melalui analisis unsur intrinsik yang menggunakan teori struktural Roland Barthes mengenai hubungan sintagmatik dan paradigmatik dan teori sekuen M. P. Schmitt dan Alain Viala, ditemukan tiga bentuk diskriminasi gender dalam novel ini, yaitu stereotip, marginalisasi, dan subordinasi. Selain itu, diketahui pula bahwa laki-laki ataupun perempuan dapat menjadi pelaku ataupun penentang diskriminasi. Perlawanan yang dilakukan terhadap diskriminasi gender berupa penggugatan stereotip serta dukungan terhadap emansipasi perempuan untuk menghilangkan marginalisasi, sedangkan subordinasi masih belum dapat dihindari karena berkaitan dengan budaya patriarkal yang dianut oleh masyarakat. Kepala keluarga memiliki peran penting dalam diskriminasi gender ini.

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ABSTRACTAfter the war of independence from France (1954 ? 1962), Algeria experienced a civil war in the 1990s between religion and the government that led to women becoming victims to restrictions on their activities. Some women did not accept this situation and did the emancipation, by writing. One of Algerian feminist writers is Maïssa Bey with her first work, named Au commencement était la mer. In this novel, Bey describes gender discrimination experienced by Algerian women in the era as well as the fight against it done by women and men. Through analysis of the intrinsic unsure which use the structural theory of Roland Barthes syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations and M. P. Schmitt and Alain Viala theory of sequences, found three forms of gender discrimination in this novel, such as stereotypes, marginalization, and subordination. In addition, also known that men and women could be perpetrators or opposing discrimination. The resistance to gender discriminations could be criticizing stereotypes as well as supporting the women emancipation to eliminate marginalization, whereas subordination still cannot be avoided because it is associated with patriarchal culture embraced by the community. The head of family has an important role in this gender discrimination."

"Sculpture sebagai elemen estetika kota telah turut menyemarakkan suasana kehidupan kota dalam memperkaya pengalaman visual pengamat. Sculpture pada skala kota juga memiliki potensi sebagai landmark, suatu sosok yang identik dengan kawasan tertentu dan dapat digunakan sebagai titik acuan pengamat dalam menyusuri kota.Akan tetapi apabila antara lingkungan dan sculpture tidak saling mendukung maka dapat mengakibatkan sculpture menjadi sosok yang tidak dikenal oleh pangamat dan menjadi sesuatu yang kurang bemanfaat. Oleh sebab itu diperlukan perencanaan yang matang dalam menampilkan sebuah sculpture pada ruang kota.Skripsi ini mencoba mangulas mengenai faktor apa saja yang perlu dipertimbangkan khususnya mengenai pengalaman visual yang dapat mengoptimalkan peran sculpture sebagai Iandmark, yaitu sebagai sosok yang dikenal oleh pengamat dan identik dengan kawasan tertentu serta bermanfaat bagi kehidupan kota. Dan pada akhirnya kehadiran sculpture sebagai landmark mampu meningkatkan imageability dan legibility kota."

"The introduction of the euro, the unique European currency, is aimed at conveying its advantages to the individuals, which are, among others:a) The stability and solidity of a single currency, which will bring steady and low interest rates and low inflation for saving protection.b) With a single currency, an individual could travel and purchase easier in Euro Zone country members due to the absence of the currency exchange cost.Since June 1997, the Banque Populaire du Nord (BPN) has started informing its employees by using the existing tools and developed many strategies to disseminate the information, from intranet system Dedic to four-page bulletin, L'Essentiel.In regards to the Euro transition, BPN has conducted many communication strategies targeted at its clients. The bank has published the brochures and monthly leaflets since mid 1997. Those documents are distributed to it's the clients by mail accompanying the bank statement.At the level of the quantity of disseminated information, the efforts conducted by BPN indicate that the bank has a capacity to manage its clients' relation, more precisely its proximity with its clients. This is one of the values of the Group of Banques Populaires.At the level of the content quality of documents, which offer the fundamental data related to the Euro transition, BPN has great capacity to manage its clients banking business. It would be much better if the BPN carries out a questionnaire in order to measure the clients' satisfaction degree and to obtain their feedback for its own development.Knowing that the Euro transition is a big opportunity to improve its clients' relation, BPN could benefit to increase its revenue, especially in regards to the sales of bank cards, which is one of the simplest and most reliable payment methods related to the Euro conversion.By emphasizing its own Euro calendar, BPN shows that it has taken into consideration several ways to approach its clients and to convey to its clients that the bank is always prepared whenever they require information about the Euro.In brief, the BPN has taken many efforts to familiarize its individual clients to the Euro migration. It has done its best so that its clients are assured, helped and guided during the transition to the European single currency. Through this way, BPN could maintain the loyalty of its clients and at the same time attract new clients."