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"Satu hal yang berkembang pesat dalam aktivitas dunia industri saat ini adalah otomatisasi suatu sistem kendali yang terpadu baik itu pada mesin atau sistem-sistem lain, dimana secara umum terdiri atas bagian pengendali otomatis, aktuator, plant, dan sensor. Tetapi di luar itu masih banyak pula industri yang menggunakan cara konvensional dalam sistemnya. Kelemahannya antara lain tidak efisien dalam waktu, energi, dan terjadinya penyimpangan-penyimpangan proses yang tidak terdeteksi akibat human error, sehingga dapat menyebabkan kegagalan produk. Pada hal ini, yang menjadi sorotan penulis adalah adanya mesin-mesin freeze dryer yang sistem kontrolnya belum terotomatisasi dan freeze dryer yang sistem kontrolnya sudah terotomatisasi di unit vaksin BCG di PT. BIO FARMA. Oleh karena itu dilakukanlah suatu studi perancangan otomatisasi kontrol freeze dryer di unit vaksin BCG ini dan melakukan suatu perbandingan sistem kontrol sebelum otomatisasi dengan sistem kontrol rancangan otomatisasi, sehingga diketahui hal-hal yang telah diperbaharui pada sistem kontrol yang lama berikut kekurangan dan kelebihannya.

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One thing is growing rapidly in the activities of the industrial world today is the automation of an integrated control system either in machinery or other systems, which generally consists of the automatic controllers, actuators, plant, and sensors. But beyond that there are many industries that use the same conventional way in the system. Weaknesses include inefficient in time, energy, and the occurrence of process deviations are not detected due to human error, which can cause product failure. In this case, the authors highlighted the existence of the machines freeze dryer is not automated control system and freeze dryer control system was automated in the BCG vaccine unit at PT. BIO FARMA. Therefore, the study design dilakukanlah a freeze dryer control automation in this BCG vaccine unit and do a comparison before automation control system with control system design automation, so that the known things that have been updated on the old control system of the following shortcomings and strengths."

"Praktek Kerja Profesi Apoteker (PKPA) yang dilaksanakan secara terpadu dan berkesinambungan di industri farmasi yang memproduksi produk biologi bisa digunakan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan, pengetahuan, keterampilan dan pengenalan mengenai produk biologi utamanya vaksin serta penerapan CPOB di PT Biofarma. Perkembangan teknologi produksi produk biologi dan tren perkembangan bentuk sediaan biologi memberikan tantangan bagi farmasis untuk terus meningkatkan pengetahuannya sehingga penting mahasiswa untuk mengetahui perkembangan teknologi sediaan biologi tersebut. Untuk mendukung tercapainya hal tersebut, Departemen Farmasi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Indonesia mengadakan kerjasama dengan PT. Biofarma melalui program Praktek Kerja Profesi Apoteker (PKPA) yang dilaksanakan dari tanggal 2 April 2012 hingga 27 April 2012 untuk menambah wawasan dalam bidang industri farmasi yang bergerak dalam bidang produksi sediaan biologi."

"Praktek Kerja Profesi Apoteker (PKPA) yang dilaksanakan secara terpadu dan berkesinambungan di industri farmasi yang memproduksi produk biologi bisa digunakan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan, pengetahuan, keterampilan dan pengenalan mengenai produk biologi utamanya vaksin serta penerapan CPOB di PT Biofarma. Perkembangan teknologi produksi produk biologi dan tren perkembangan bentuk sediaan biologi memberikan tantangan bagi farmasis untuk terus meningkatkan pengetahuannya sehingga penting mahasiswa untuk mengetahui perkembangan teknologi sediaan biologi tersebut. Untuk mendukung tercapainya hal tersebut, Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Indonesia mengadakan kerjasama dengan PT. Biofarma melalui program Praktek Kerja Profesi Apoteker (PKPA) yang dilaksanakan dari tanggal 2 April 2012 hingga 27 April 2012 untuk menambah wawasan dalam bidang industri farmasi yang bergerak dalam bidang produksi sediaan biologi.Tujuan Praktek Kerja Profesi:1. Mengetahui peran dan fungsi apoteker di industri farmasi serta meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan di bidang industri farmasi. 2. Mengetahui penerapan CPOB / cGMP di PT. Bio Farma (Persero). 3. Mengetahui proses pengembangan dan pembuatan vaksin."

"ABSTRACTBackground BCG vaccine is a compulsory immunization issued by the government to protect children from tuberculosis disease. Although it is highly accessible, there are some children in Jakarta who did not get vaccinated from one of the deadliest disease in Indonesia. Parents are said to be the biggest possible factors that influence to the administration of BCG vaccine to children, especially their knowledge, environments, beliefs, and attitude towards immunization. Therefore, this research aim is to know the association between parents knowledge, attitude, and practice towards immunization and BCG vaccination for their children. Method Cross sectional design was used in this research, Questionnaire was given to parents in preschools and kindergartens in Jakarta.  Each completed questionnaire will be analyzed using SPSS program and chi-square method with significance value of p less than 0,05 to know the association between parents knowledge, attitude, and practice towards BCG vaccine. From 130 data obtained, almost 90% of them have vaccinated their children with BCG vaccine. Chi-square test results revealed a p value below 0.05 relating parental knowledge and BCG vaccination practice p 0.001, together with attitude and BCG vaccination practice p 0.001. Other factors, such as parents educational status, residence, and partners involvement also has an association with the practice of BCG vaccination for their children. Significant relationship concluded regarding parents knowledge and practice of BCG vaccine, parents knowledge and their attitude, as well parents attitude and BCG vaccination practice in Jakarta.

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ABSTRACTVaksin BCG merupakan imunisasi wajib yang diisukan oleh pemerintah untuk melindungi anak dari penyakit tuberkulosis. Walaupun gratis dan mudah untuk didapatkan, namun tidak semua anak di Jakarta divaksinasi BCG. Selain itu, Indonesia merupakan salah satu Negara dengan penyakit tuberkulosis tertinggi di dunia. Hal tersebut telah diakui oleh The World Health Organization (WHO). Salah satu faktor kemungkinan terbesar yang mempengaruhi pemberian vaksin BCG pada anak adalah orang tua, khususnya pengetahuan dan sikap mereka terhadap imunisasi anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pengetahuan, lingkungan sekitar, pandangan, kepercayaan dan sikap orang tua terhadap imunisasi dan vaksin BCG dengan keputusan akhir mereka untuk memberikan vaksin kepada anak mereka. Metode penelitian ini akan dilakukan dengan metode cross-sectional dengan cara menyebarkan angket kepada orang tua di beberapa TK dan PAUD di daerah Jakarta Utara dan Selatan untuk menggambarkan DKI Jakarta dengan keseluruhan yang dapat dilihat dari perbandingan Indeks Pembangunan Masyarakat dari kedua daerah Jakarta tersebut. Kemudian, data yang terkumpul akan dianalisis menggunakan program SPSS dan metode chi-square dengan nilai kemaknaan Hasil Dari 130 data yang diteliti, hampir 90% responden memberikan vaksin BCG pada anaknya. Test chi-square menunjukan nilai kemaknaan p kurang dari 0.05 dalam menghubungkan pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku orangtua terhadap vaksinasi BCG. Faktor lain seperti tingkat pendidikan, tempat tinggal, dan dukungan pasangan juga dapat berhubungan dengan praktik BCG vaksinasi. Kesimpulan Terdapat hubungan signifikan antara pengetahuan dengan sikap, pengetahuan dengan praktik, dan juga sikap dengan praktik vaksinasi BCG pada anak di Jakarta. "

"Analyzing Knowledge Creation and Knowledge Management in Bio Farma, LtdKnowledge is very significant for a success of company. Through the creation of knowledge in either internal process or external process of the company will create value, which raise the grade of company out of basis of assets. Knowledge superiority as intangible has been proved in many cases of prominent company in the world recently.

The success of prominent company is enabled and master in organizing knowledge creation continuously. Creating knowledge of company means the ability of it as a whole. To create a new knowledge, spreading it in the company, and appearing in production, service and system.

It, however, has to be admitted that knowledge creation is not easy in practice. Basically it needs process management which is continuously and dynamically, commonly known as knowledge management. Through implementation in many factors backing up knowledge creation in individual level, community and organization wholly, will create synergic relation between knowledge modal as a foundation and innovation as the result.

Because of the important of knowledge, it has pushed the writer to research how knowledge creation practice, especially in a company characterized by knowledge intensive, the process and the decline of which will be very determined by how good knowledge developed in a company. Moreover, a strong control from the customer to the quality of Biofarma, Ltd. products make the company always to control the quality of product.

The strong control is caused that the product of Biofarma, Ltd. is a company that produces serum and vaccine, production that has big risk to the customers. The success of Biofarma in producing knowledge not only will determine the existence of the company but also will save human s from danger diseases.

This research finds how knowledge management and the activity of knowledge creation well done in the company. Knowledge management, according to Nonaka (2000) is enabling condition or requirement that is provided by knowledge creation. According to .Tarn Hidayat Tjakraatmaja (2002), knowledge management is identically to create learning environment. For the company wanting to increase the quality of knowledge creation, creating learning environment is a must.

This research uses knowledge management approach by Nonaka at. Al (2000) who asks requirement; instill knowledge vision manage a conversation mobilize knowledge activist, crate the right connect, and globalize local knowledge. Whereas for the activity of knowledge creation, this work uses model developed by Tuomi (1999) who divides knowledge into five groups of activities; articulation, accumulation, anticipation, apprehension, and action.

This research finds how knowledge management in Biofarma, Ltd., generally, has been running well. Based on, however, the basis of activity that is researched, the intensity of attention is not equal to the domination or the important of activities in knowledge management.

In knowledge creation, however, is found the weak in the basis that the activity of knowledge creation created more in this internal activity or daily activities. According to the result of the research that external activities must be more dominant in knowledge creation then that of internal.

Research can prove that knowledge creation is very involving with how knowledge managed. Like land for the potential of growing plant, knowledge management is life concession for knowledge creation.

Knowing how knowledge management and knowledge creation in the company will be able to identify the weakness that is still there. And knowing what activities or aspect which is very dominant relating to them will be known in which side knowledge management and knowledge creation must be strengthened. Like in Biofarma, Ltd. the activity that must be strengthened is external activities. Knowledge creation should be many More in community of interaction which pass through the restrictions of into and inter organization.

Xiii + 131 pages + 19 table - 18 pictures + 6 appendixes

Bibliography: 42 books, 13-science research journal (1991-2003), and 6 homepages"

"Introduction: Constant exposure to a variety of microorganisms in domestic environment plays an important role in the shaping of individual immune response mechanism, which can affect one's susceptibility to the diseases. The aim of the study to get an understanding how the exposure of microorganisms in the the different area where the people living might give a contribution to the profile and the regulation of the immune respons after stimulated to malaria, vaccine BCG and oxLDL antigents in PBMC and whole blood cultures, and to evaluate the character of T reg as a mediator to suppress the cell proliferation.Methode: It is an in vitro experimental study performed at Laboratorium Terpadu, Faculty of Medicine Univertas Indonesia, Jakarta in 2013 2014. As a model of infectious diseases is used pathogenic antigents such as Plasmodium falciparum infected red blood cells malaria and bacille calmette gu rin BCG vaccine, and as a modell of inflammatory disease is used non a patonegic antigen, low density lipoprotein LDL . Whole blood cultures is done for 80 blood samples to know how the regulation of immune respons from people living a rural populatin. PBMC cultures is also done to explore macrophages after stimulated to malaria, BCG and LDL. PHA stimulated to the PBMC culture with and without T reg cells to evaluate the character of T reg. T regulatory cells perhaps play the important roles to suppress the immune respons to microorganisms was also done.Results: The profile of the immune respons of the people living in the unslum area is significantly more inflamatif than that in the slum area. The ratio of pro anti inflammation cytokines TNF IL 10 of the people living in the unslum area is significantly higher than that in the slum area. This is marked by increasing of oxLDL accumulationis that is the important point of the low protection to oxLDL of the people living in the unslum area p 0.01 . T regulatory cell may suppress the proliferation in the PBMC culture for the people living in the slum area marked by increasing not only the expression of IL 10 cytokines but also the sum of T regulatory sells p 0.01 significantly.Conclusion: The immune respons of the people living in the unslum area is more inflamatif and responsive to malaria, BCG vaccine and oxLDL. The character of macrophage of the people living in the slum area is marked by the low ratio of pro anti inflammation cytokines TNF IL 10 to malaria, BCG vaccine and oxLDLstimulations. T regulatory cell may suppress the proliferation in the PBMC culture for the people living in the slum."

"Kualitas pelayanan kesehatan di suatu daerah sangat ditentukan oleh ketersediaan sumber daya khususnya sumber daya vaksin yang kuantitas dan kualitasnya memadai.Pengelolaan distribusi vaksin memerlukan manajemen rantai pasok vaksin yang baik untuk menjaga kualitas vaksin tetap terjaga karena sifat vaksin yang termolabil. Penelitian bertujuan untuk Menganalisis pengendalian suhu vaksin menggunakan Lean Six Sigma selama proses pengiriman vaksin ke Puskesmas di Kota Serang. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data laporan pengendalian suhu vaksin sensitif beku ke Puskesmas di Dinas Kesehatan Kota Serang bulan januari sampai desember 2020 untuk mendapatkan data defect suhu yang tidak memenuhi syarat yang ditentukan sesuai Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan No.12 Tahun 2017 Tentang Penyelenggaraan Imunisasi  yang akan digunakan sebagai dasar perhitungan DPMO (Defect Per Million Opportunities) pada Six Sigma. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Lean Six Sigma dalam analisis proses kapabilitas pengendalian suhu distribusi vaksin sensitif beku (Freeze Sensitive Vaccine) dan menggunakan daftar pertanyaan terstruktur melalui wawancara mendalam kepada pakar/ahli yang memahami sistem distribusi vaksin sebagai langkah dalam proses brainstorming untuk menyusun saran perbaikan dalam pengendalian suhu distribusi vaksin sensitif beku ke Puskesmas di Kota Serang Provinsi Banten. Lean Six Sigma didapatkan bahwa sistem distribusi vaksin sensitif beku ke Puskesmas  di Kota Serang perlu adanya pengendalian suhu yang lebih baik agar sesuai Permenkes No.12 Tahun 2017.

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Health services quality in a region is determined by the resources especially vaccine resources sufficient quantity and quality. Vaccine distribution management requires a good vaccine supply chain management to maintain the quality of vaccine stability because the vaccine is thermolable. The research aims to control temperature vaccine using lean six sigma during the delivery of vaccine to hospitals in the city of serang. The data used in this research was data reports control of Freeze Sensitive Vaccine distribution into public health center in serang city health department in january until december 2020 to obtain defect data of inappropriate temperatures based on Minister of Health Regulation number 12 of 2017 on the implementation of immunization will be used as the basis of calculations DPMO (Defect per Million Opportunity) in six sigma. Methods used in research is lean six sigma in the analysis of the process of vaccine distribution capabilities control Freeze Sensitive Vaccine and use a structured list of questions through in-depth interviews to experts of vaccine distribution system in Health Department of Serang City as a step in the process of brainstorming to make suggestions to improve the control Freeze Sensitive Vaccine distribution to Public Health Center in the city of Serang, Banten. Lean Six Sigma knowledge that the distribution system Freeze Sensitive Vaccine to Public Health Center in the city of Serang needed to control the better to fit Minister of Health Regulation number 12 of 2017."

"Skripsi ini merupakan studi kasus yang mengangkat tema mengenai kontrol internal perusahaan terutama untuk komponen lingkungan pengendalian. Penulisan skripsi ini secara garis besar dibagi menjadi tiga bagian penting. Pertama adalah membahas mengenai tahapan kontrol internal yang dijalankan perusahaan setelah pergantian manajemen di tahun 2011. Kedua adalah mengetahui jalannya lingkungan pengendalian yang dimiliki dan dijalankan perusahaan untuk menunjang kontrol internal perusahaan. Ketiga adalah merancang kontrol internal untuk komponen lingkungan pengendalian yang ideal bagi perusahaan dan sesuai dengan COSO Framework Internal Control melalui komponen penunjang kontrol internal yang dimiliki BNI Life Insurance, dalam hal ini adalah unit kerja internal audit.

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This thesis is a case study about company's internal controls, especially for control environment component. This thesis writing is broadly divided into three essential parts. The first is to describe the internal controls that run the company after the change of its management in 2011. The second is to know the way the control environment component is owned and run enterprises to support the company's internal controls. The third is the design of ideal control environment component for company’s internal control and in accordance with the COSO Framework Internal Control through supporting components of internal control which is owned by company, in this case is the internal audit division."