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"[This] is a debate-style reader designed to introduce students to controversies in environmental policy and science. The readings, which represent the arguments of leading environmentalists, scientists, and policymakers, reflect a variety of viewpoints and have been selected for their liveliness and substance and because of their value in a debate framework. For each issue, the editors provide a concise introduction and postscript summary. The introduction sets the stage for the debate as it is argued in the "yes" and "no" readings, and the postscript briefly reviews the opposing views and suggests additional readings on the controversial issue under discussion. -Back cover. "

"Alih tutur merupakan bagian yang tidak dapat dipisahkan dari percakapan manusia. Ditemukannya pola dan karakteristik tertentu dalam alih tutur anak melatarbelakangi dilakukannya penelitian ini dengan fokus penelitian pada alih tutur anak bilingual pada percakapan dua bahasa, yakni bahasa Indonesia dan bahasa Inggris. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menjelaskan bagaimana respons alih tutur anak dalam dua bahasa dan untuk menguraikan strategi-strategi yang digunakan anak dalam percakapan dua bahasa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan data transkripsi hasil rekaman dari empat sesi wawancara yang dilakukan dengan tiap anak dalam dua bahasa dengan responden tiga orang anak yang berusia 4-5 tahun di Jambi. Data kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan landasan teori Sacks, Schegloff & Jefferson (1974) tentang komponen pembangun giliran dan Stenstrom (1994) tentang strategi alih tutur. Dari hasil analisis data ditemukan bahwa ketiga responden memiliki kecenderungan respons bahasa dengan unit yang berbeda-beda. Matt dan Winna merespons lebih tinggi dalam sesi wawancara bahasa Indonesia dan didominasi oleh respons dalam bentuk kata tunggal sedangkan Alisa merespons lebih tinggi dalam sesi wawancara bahasa Inggris dalam bentuk unit kalimat yang cukup kompleks. Selain itu, ditemukan pula fenomena alih kode dan campur kode dalam sesi wawancara kedua bahasa. Temuan selanjutnya adalah adanya penggunaan strategi-strategi alih tutur yang berbeda-beda pada tiap sesi wawancara. Terlepas dari kecenderungan bahasa, strategi alih tutur yang muncul lebih dipengaruhi oleh faktor ketertarikan anak pada topik wawancara, mood (suasana hati) anak pada saat sesi wawancara dan faktor situasional seperti fokus anak dan distraksi yang muncul pada saat wawancara berlangsung.

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Turn taking is an inseparable part of human conversation. The discovery of certain patterns and characteristics in children's turn taking is the main reason for this research to be conducted with a broader focus on turn taking of bilingual children in two-language conversations, which are Indonesian and English. This study was conducted to explain the children’s turn taking responses during two languages interview sessions and to describe the strategies used by children in bilingual conversation. This study is a qualitative research with transcription data recorded from four interview sessions conducted with each child in two languages ​​with three children aged 4-5 years as respondents in Jambi. The data were then analyzed using the theoretical basis of Sacks, Schegloff & Jefferson (1974) on the turn-constructional component and Stenstrom (1994) on turn taking strategies. From the results of data analysis, it was found that the three respondents had a tendency to respond to language with different units. Matt and Winna responded higher in the Indonesian interview sessions and dominated by single word responses, while Alisa responded higher in the English interview session in the form of a fairly complex sentence unit. In addition, code switching and code mixing phenomena were also found in the interview sessions of the two languages. The next finding is the use of different turn taking strategies in each interview session. Apart from language tendencies, the turn taking strategies that appear are more influenced by the child's interest in the interview topic, the child's mood during the interview session and situational factors such as the child's focus and distractions that arise during the interview."

"Penelitian ini membahas pengaruh bank relationship terhadap risk-taking perusahaan dengan menggunakan total observasi sebanyak 82 perusahaan non-keuangan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Dengan menggunakan metode regresi data panel ditemukan hasil bahwa bank relationship berpengaruh terhadap risk-taking perusahaan. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa perusahaan yang memiliki tingkat leverage yang tinggi dan melakukan bank relationship dalam jangka waktu pendek cenderung akan memiliki risiko yang tinggi. Kemudian, penelitian ini juga menemukan bahwa perusahaan dengan main bank lebih dari satu cenderung memiliki risiko lebih tinggi. Selain itu, peneliti juga menguji mengenai kepemilikan bank dalam bank relationship dan menemukan bahwa perusahaan yang melakukan bank relationship dengan bank asing cenderung memiliki risiko yang tinggi.

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]This research studied about the influence of bank relationship on corporate risk taking, by using 82 observations data of non financial company which is listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange. By using Panel Data Regression, this research found that bank relationship has significant effect on corporate risk taking. This research found that firms which have higher leverage and shorter duration of bank relationship will have higher risk. Furthermore, this research also found that firms which have more than one main bank will have higher risk. Besides, the author also test about bank ownership effect of bank relationship and found that firms which have relationship with foreign lending bank will have higher risk."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh lembaga politik terhadap perilaku pengambilan risiko perbankan di 6 negara pada Asia Tenggara yaitu Indonesia, Malaysia, Filipina, Singapura, Thailand, dan Vietnam pada periode 1995-2015. Penelitian ini menggunakan data panel dengan estimasi teknik fixed effect model. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa lembaga politik memiliki pengaruh langsung dan tidak langsung terhadap perilaku pengambilan risiko perbankan di ASEAN-6.

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ABSTRACTThis research aims to examine the effect of political institutions on the bank risk taking behavior in 6 countries of the South East Asia including Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippine, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam in 1995 2015. This research use panel data with fixed effect model estimation model technique. This research finds that political institutions have first order and second order effect on the bank risk taking behaviour in ASEAN 6. "

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh perilaku risk taking terhadap tingkat investment efficiency dengan efektivitas dewan komisaris dan keberadaan komite pemantau risiko sebagai moderasi. Perusahaan yang memiliki tingkat perilaku risk taking yang tinggi akan cenderung melakukan investasi meskipun proyek investasi tersebut memiliki Net Present Value negatif. Efektivitas dewan komisaris dan adanya komite pemantau risiko dalam perusahaan diprediksi dapat mempengaruhi investment efficiency. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan metode regresi multinomial logistik dengan sampel 307 perusahaan 921 observasi yang terdaftar di BEI tahun 2013-2015. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan semakin tinggi perilaku risk taking akan meningkatkan kemungkinan over-investment. Akan tetapi, semakin rendah perilaku risk taking tidak terbukti meningkatkan kemungkinan under-investment. Efektivitas dewan komisaris terbukti memperlemah pengaruh positif perilaku risk taking terhadap kemungkinan terjadinya over-investment. Akan tetapi, efektivitas dewan komisaris tidak terbukti memperlemah pengaruh negatif perilaku risk taking terhadap kemungkinan terjadinya under-investment. Keberadaan komite pemantau risiko terbukti memperlemah pengaruh negatif perilaku risk taking terhadap kemungkinan terjadinya under-investment. Namun keberadaan komite pemantau risiko tidak terbukti memperlemah pengaruh positif perilaku risk taking terhadap kemungkinan terjadinya over-investment

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ABSTRACTThe research objective is to examine the effect of risk taking to investment efficiency with board of commissioners rsquo effectiveness and the presence of risk monitoring committee as the moderating variable. Firm with higher level of risk taking tend to invest in a project, even such project probably giving them negative Net Present Value. Board of commissioners rsquo effectiveness and the presence of risk monitoring committee in a firm are also predicted to have impact on investment efficiency. Therefore, the effect of risk taking on investment efficiency through board of commissioners rsquo effectiveness and risk monitoring committee are predicted. In this research, we use multinomial logistic model. This research takes 307 companies 921 observations that are listed in Indonesia rsquo s Stock Exchange BEI from 2013 to 2015. The empirical study shows that higher risk taking more likely to increase the probability of being in over investment. However, there are no significant effect on negative relationship between risk taking and the likelihood of being in under investment. Board of commissioners rsquo effectiveness weaken the positive effect of risk taking and the likelihood of being in over investment but board of commissioners rsquo effectiveness didn rsquo t weaken the negative relationship between risk taking and likelihood of being in under investment. The presence of risk monitoring committee significantly weakens the negative relationship between risk taking and the likelihood of being in under investment but the presence of risk monitoring committee didn rsquo t weaken the positive relationship between risk taking and the likelihood of being in over investment."