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"With its particular emphasis on the constitutive activity of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs)s, this book comprehensively discusses an important biological process that has not yet been covered in such depth in any other existing books on GPCRs. The international team of highly distinguished authors addresses in detail current models and concepts, to introduce medicinal chemists, physiologists, pharmacologists, and medical researchers into the advances in the understanding of GPCR activation and constitutive activity. In addition, the book provides an overview on methods of investigating constitutive GPCR activity. The text is well illustrated by selected experimental data and schemes.The chapters are all cross-referenced with each other and cover general mechanisms, methodological approaches and cover selected important GPCR systems, the consequences for drug action, including, side effects, and rational drug design for GPCR targets. The text is backed by abundant case studies and methodological advice for analysing GPCRs, covering selected pharmacologically relevant GPCR systems, the consequences for drug action, including unwanted side effects, and rational drug design for GPCR targets. It is a highly practical reference for researchers in academia and industry."

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Laki-laki yang berhubungan seksual dengan laki-laki (LSL) adalah suatubentuk oritentasi seksual (homoseksual) yang lebih ditekankan kepada perilaku seksual berupahubungan seksual terhadap sesama jenis. Perilaku seksual pada LSL ini cenderung bebas,berganti-ganti pasangan, dan tidak menggunakan kondom sehingga terjadi peningkatan risikokesehatan tertentu seperti Infeksi Menular Seksual (IMS). Infeksi Human ImmunodeficiencyVirus (HIV) dan Virus Herpes Simpleks (VHS) merupakan salah satu IMS dan dapat berinteraksisinergistik. Pada individu dengan HIV dan koinfeksi VHS dapat meningkatkan risiko transmisipenularan HIV serta mempercepat perburukan ke arah AIDS. Di Indonesia, belum pernahdilaporkan proporsi VHS pada populasi LSL baik yang terinfeksi HIV maupun yang tidakterinfeksi HIV.Tujuan: Mengetahui perbandingan proporsi seroprevalensi VHS-1 dan VHS-2 pada LSL dengandan tanpa HIV serta peranan pemakaian kondom.Metode: Penelitian ini berdesain potong lintang pada 76 LSL yang terinfeksi maupun tidakterinfeksi HIV di klinik Perkumpulan Keluarga Berencana Indonesia (PKBI). Wawancaratentang kekerapan pemakaian kondom dan pemeriksaan serologis imunoglobulin G (IgG) VHS-1serta VHS-2 dilakukan pada tahap awal penelitian.Hasil: Dari 76 SP, 34 SP terinfeksi HIV dan 42 SP tidak terinfeksi HIV. Total proporsiseroprevalensi VHS-1 dan VHS-2 masing – masing adalah sebesar 69,7% dan 23,7%. ProporsiVHS-1 dan VHS-2 pada SP tanpa HIV adalah masing-masing sebesar 71,4% dan 14,3%.Proporsi VHS-1 dan VHS-2 pada SP dengan HIV adalah masing-masing sebesar 67,6% dan35,3%. Penggunaan kondom tidak berhubungan dengan kejadian terinfeksi VHS-1 (p=0,068; IK:0,05-1,1) atau VHS-2 (p=0,447; IK: 0,09-2,8) pada kelompok LSL dengan HIV. Penggunaankondom berhubungan dengan kejadian terinfeksi VHS-1 pada kelompok LSL tanpa HIV(p=0,036; IK: 0,52-0,9), tetapi penggunaan kondom tidak berhubungan dengan kejadianterinfeksi VHS-2 pada kelompok LSL tanpa HIV (p=0,08; IK: 0,81-32,98).Kesimpulan: Proporsi LSL dengan VHS-1 lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan VHS-2, baik padakelompok tanpa dan dengan HIV. Proporsi LSL dengan VHS-2 pada kelompok HIV dua kalilipat lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan tanpa HIV.

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ABSTRACTBackground: Men who have sex with men (MSM) is homosexual orientation that emphasizeson sexual behavior to the same sex. The sexual behaviors among MSM tend to have free sex,multiple sexual partners, and perform unsafe sex, thus it may increase risk of infection tosexually transmitted diseases (STD). Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and HerpesSimplex Virus (HSV) infection are examples of STD that are able to interact synergistically oneto another. Individual with HIV and co-infected with HSV may increase risk of transmissionHIV and progressively worsening to AIDS. In Indonesia, proportion VHS infection in those whoeither with and without HIV in MSM population, is never been reported.Objective: To compare proportion HSV-1 and HSV-2 seroprevalence in MSM with and withoutHIV infection and its association with condom use.Methods: It is cross sectional study to 76 MSM, either with or without HIV, coming to seekhealth services in PKBI outpatients clinic. Interview regarding frequency condom use andserological test immunoglobulin G to HSV-1 and HSV-2 was done in the early of research.Results: Out of 76 MSM, 34 MSM are infected with HIV and 42 MSM those who are not. Totalproportion HSV-1 and HSV-2 seroprevalence respectively are 69,7% and 23,7%. ProportionHSV-1 and HSV-2 to those who are not infected to HIV respectively is 71,4% and 14,3%.Proportion HSV-1 and HSV-2 to those who are infected to HIV respectively is 67,6% and35,3%. Condom use is not associated either with a risk of infection to HSV-1 (p=0,068; IK:0,05-1,1) or HSV-2 (p= 0,447; IK: 0,09-2,8) in MSM who are infected to HIV. Condom use isassociated with a risk of infection to VHS-1 (p=0,036; IK: 0,52-0,9), but it is not associated withrisk of infection to HSV-2 (p=0,08; IK: 0,52-32,98) among those who are not infected to HIV.Conclusion: Proportion MSM who are infected to HSV-1 is higher compared to HSV-2 in bothgroups (with and without HIV). Proportion MSM who are infected to HSV-2 in HIV group istwice higher compared to group those who are not."

"G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are one of the most important target classes in pharmacology and are the target of many blockbuster drugs. Yet only with the recent elucidation of the rhodopsin structure have these receptors become amenable to a rational drug design.Based on recent examples from academia and the pharmaceutical industry, this book demonstrates how to apply the whole range of bioinformatics, chemoinformatics and molecular modeling tools to the rational design of novel drugs targeting GPCRs."