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"Menurut Koentjaraningrat, faktor angka warna suku-bangsa di Indonesia, merupakan salah satu sifat dari masyarakat ini yang sering dibanggakan, bahwa sifat ini merupakan salah satu aspek yang menyulitkan pembangunan, ttentulah mudah dimengerti. Tentulah jauh lebih mudah mengurus sejumlah orang yang mempunyai ciri-ciri, kehendak dan kebiasaan yang sama, dari pada mengurus sejumlah orang yang mempunyai ciri-ciri kehendak dan kebiasaan yang berbeda-beda..."

"Tulisan ini secara umum memaparkan bagaimana orang Tionghoa Indonesia dipahami dewasa ini dan sejauh mana kebijakan asimilasi yang disuarakan oleh pemerintah Orde Baru mempengaruhi mereka dalam proses penggantian agama. Kemudian dipaparkan pula bagaimana mereka memandang diri mereka dalam bersosialisasi dengan pribumi, setelah memeluk agama Islam. Metode yang dipakai dalam menyusun penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian kepustakaan di bidang Sosial dan Budaya serta penelitian lapangan melalui serangkaian wawancara dengan tokoh-tokoh yang paham mengenai masalah Tionghoa Indonesia dan Islam. Di akhir penelitian terlihat bahwa selain karena adanya kebijakan mengenai asimilasi, terdapat pula beberapa faktor lain yang mendorong orang Tionghoa Indonesia memutuskan memeluk agama Islam. Asimilasi bukanlah satu-satunya faktor yang mendorong mereka untuk memeluk agama Islam."

"ABSTRAKDi saat banyak orang Tionghoa yang sudah kokoh dengan identitas keagamaannyasebagai seorang Nasrani, Islam, dan Buddha, serta diakuinya Kong Hu Cu sebagaiagama yang paling erat dengan identitas etnik orang Tionghoa di Indonesia, namunkenyataanya terdapat sebuah komunitas Tionghoa yang memilih untuk memelukagama Hindu yang dianggap sebagai agama minoritas. Bagi sebagian besar orang, halini tentu menjadi pertanyaan. Selama ini publik terjerembab pada sebuah bentukstereotipe tentang orang Tionghoa yang dianggap oportunis yakni berlindung di bawah pengaruh penguasa atau struktur dominan. Di sisi yang lain, masyarakat menilaibahwa Hindu bukan agama mayoritas sehingga sedikit banyak mempengaruhipeluang-peluang positif yang akan di raih oleh orang Tionghoa itu sendiri.Penelitian yang bersetting di Jakarta ini ingin menjelaskan tentang alasan orangTionghoa memilih Hindu sebagai identitas keagamaan mereka serta usaha merekadalam mempertahankan identitas mereka ini. Selain memaparkan tentang dinamikasejarah komunitas mereka, penelitian ini juga mau menjelaskan tentang mengapaintegrasi antara Tionghoa dan Hindu menjadi sesuatu yang sulit untuk dilakukan(paling tidak untuk saat ini).

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AbstractWhile many Chinese people who have strong religious identity as a Christian, Islam,and Buddhism, as well as recognition of Confucianism as a religion that most closelywith the ethnic identity of the Chinese in Indonesia, but in reality there is a Chinesecommunity that chose to convert to Hinduism which is considered as a minorityreligion. For most people, this is certainly a question. During the public this fall on aform stereotypes about people who are considered opportunistic Tionghoa which wasunder the influence of the ruling or dominant structure. On the other hand, thecommunity considered that the majority Hindu religion is not so much affect slightlypositive opportunities that will be achieved by the Tionghoa itself.This Research that takes place in Jakarta is to explain about the reason the Chinesechose their religious identity of Hindus as well as their efforts in maintaining theiridentity is. In addition to describing the dynamics of the history of their community,this study would also explain why the integration between the Tionghoa and the Hindu to be something difficult to do (at least for now)."

"Pertemuan antar kelompok etnis yang berlainan dapat menimbulkan sejumlah masalah, seperti: adaptasi, integrasi, konflik sosial dan sebagainya. Desa Waimital sebagai desa yang dihuni para transmigran asal Jawa dan penduduk setempat, mengalami banyak masalah integrasi. Karena itu, pertanyaan yang akan dijawab antara lain: bagaimana proses integrasi sosial bisa terwujud di antara mereka; hal-hal apa yang berhubungan langsung maupun tidak langsung dengan proses tersebut. Teori-teori integrasi dalam sosiologi yang dikemukakan oleh para sosiolog (seperti, Landecker, Durkheim, Parson, Angell dan sebagainya) dapat dipakai untuk menjelaskan atau menggambarkan proses integrasi yang terjadi pada kelompok-kelompok yang berbeda latar belakang sosial-budaya dalam studi ini. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kombinasi antara metode deskriptif dan eksplanasi dengan memilih masyarakat desa Waimital kecamatan Kairatu Propinsi Maluku sebagai lokasi penelitian. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menerapkan empat cara, yaitu: wawancara berstruktur dengan responden sampel, wawancara bebas dengan sejumlah informan, pengamatan langsung terhadap berbagai aspek kehidupan masyarakat, penelaahan dokumen. Data yang diperoleh dianalisa secara kualitatif dengan bantuan tabel-tabel silang. Kenyataan menunjukkan bahwa penempatan para transmigran asal Jawa di desa Waimintal dilakukan secara bertahap. Pada tahun 1954/1955 berhasil dikumimkan transmigran gelombang I asal Jawa Timur dan Tengah sebanyak 257 KK {880 Jiwa); tahun 1970/1971 transmigran gelombang ke-II asal Daerah Khusus Yogyakarta sebanyak 50 KK (233 Jiwa); dan pada tahun 1972/1973 gelombang ke-III(terakhir) asal Jawa Timur sebanyak 100 KK (479 Jiwa) ditempatkan di desa ini. Sampai dengan saat penelitian ini berlangsung diketahui bahwa dari jumlah penduduk desa sebanyak 3280 orang ternyata 2974 orang adalah etnis Jawa ; 243 orang adalah etnis Ambon, dan 63 orang lain adalah etnis Sulawesi, Flores dan Timor. Dalam perjalanan sejarah perkambangan masyarakat Waimintal dari tahun 1954 sampai saat penelitian ini dilaksanakan, temuan penelitian lapangan menunjukkan bahwa kebijaksanaan pemukiman penduduk yang diterapkan pemerintah dengan sistem 'integrated pluralism' (dimana orang Ambon dan Jawa tidak dipisahkan secara geografis berdasarkan asal-usul) mendorong mereka untuk membiasakan dirinya melihat sesuatu dalam perspektif yang lebih luas. Sejalan dengan kebijaksanaan politik tersebut itu, orang Ambon sudah menjalin hubungan perkawinan campuran dengan orang Jawa. Karena itu, hubungan interaksional dengan mereka dan di antara mereka tidak hanya terbatas pada kesamaan asal-usul semata-mata, tetapi mulai terjalin hubungan yang lebih luas dengan sesama warga desa, lama kelamaan diberi makna kultural struktural di dakamnya sehingga dengan kekuatan itu konflik sosial dapat dihindari. Di samping itu, kurun waktu lamanya kehidupan bersama dengan pola pemukiman yang membaur di antara mereka memungkinkan pola interaksi yang ditampilkan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari mencerminkan status 'ketetanggan' yang ada pada seseorang. Dalam hubungan interaksional yang lebih luas yakni antar kelompok, nilai-nilai etika agama dan budaya yang dianut masing-masing kelompok dapat diterapkan seluruhnya. Sebab itu, rendahnya tingkat pengetahuan timbal-balik tentang nilai, norma dan adat kebiasaan ternyata tidak ditafsirkan secara kaku dan sempit, karenanya interaksi dan partisipasi timbal-balik nyata lebih intensif. Tidak ditemukan sikap anti pati antara satu terhadap yang lain, sekalipun individu maupun salah satu kelompok berada pada posisi pengambil prakarsa. Kesediaan seperti itu mencakup berbagai derajat pemahaman simpatik terhadap sesama warga desa sebagai tetangga, sebagai teman seperkumpulan maupun sebagai teman kerja sama dalam mengatasi masalah ekonomi rumah-tangga. Karena itu, identitas diri mereka berkembang dan kembali muncul dalam peranan-peranan sosial yang ditampilkannya. Kenyataan menunjukkan bahwa dengan adanya motivasi agama budaya yang berada di antara mereka sekaligus menjadi potensi positif untuk mendorong proses integrasi sosial. Karena mereka mampu secara tepat dapat menempatkan kepelbagaian agama dan budaya tidak sebagai dikotomi yang mesti dipertentangkannya melainkan suatu dualisme yang berjalan sejajar untuk saling melengkapi dalam sisi kelebihan dan kekurangannya. Karena itu, kekuatan-kekuatan integratif yang ada di dalam masyarakat dapat berfungsi sebagai sarana-sarana sosialisasi guna mencapai derajat integrasi sosial yang diinginkan, yakni kehidupan berdampingan secara harmonis. Kesimpulan dari studi ini adalah integrasi sosial di antara mereka telah tercapai, sekalipun kenyataan-kenyataan lain mungkin saja bisa melahirkan konflik konflik insidental yang bersifat personal di dalam masyarakat desa yang diteliti ini."

"[ ABSTRAK Pada tahun 1998 terjadi dua peristiwa yang memberikan dampak penting terhadap warga etnis Tionghoa di Indonesia.Peristiwa pertama adalah Kerusuhan Mei 1998 yang dilanjutkan oleh peristiwa berikutnya yaitu turunnya Soeharto dari kursi presiden yang menandai berakhirnya pemerintahan Orde Baru. Kerusuhan Mei 1998 yang sarat akan sentimen anti-Tionghoa dan memakan banyak korban warga etnis Tionghoa justru menciptakan sebuah titik balik dalam gerakan warga Tionghoa. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mengetahui proses berdirinya organisasi massa bernama Perhimpunan Indonesia Tionghoa (INTI) dan sejauh apa kiprahnya dalam upaya integrasi dengan warga etnis lainnya serta upaya pemenuhan hak WNI keturunan Tionghoa. Sumber-sumber data untuk penelitian ini diperoleh dari buku-buku, jurnal, koran, serta arsip yang didapatkan dari berbagai sumber seperti Arsip Nasional Republik Indonesia dan arsip Perhimpunan INTI. Kontribusi dari Perhimpunan INTI tidak begitu disorot dalam koran-koran nasional pada masa awal berdirinya sehingga sumber utama berasal dari wawancara dengan beberapa pendiri organisasi.Tidak semua upaya sepenuhnya dilakukan oleh warga Tionghoa semata tetapi juga terdapat kontribusi dari tokoh-tokoh dengan latar belakang etnis yang berbeda.Ini pun menunjukkan bahwa Perhimpunan INTI berhasil meraih simpati dari berbagai kalangan yang menjadi sebuah langkah awal yang penting dalam upaya integrasi.

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ABSTRACT During 1998, there were two events that had important impacts on Chinese ethnic in Indonesia. The first was May 1998 Riot, which followed by the second event, i.e. the fall of Soeharto and the end of the New Order government in Indonesia. Mei 1998 Riots, which was filled with anti-Chinese sentiment and took a lot of victims of Chinese ethnic, created a turning point in the Indonesian Chinese movement. This research aims to explore the process of the establishment of the Association of the Indonesian Chinese (Perhimpunan INTI) and its contribution tothe integration of the Indonesian Chinese ethnic with other ethnicsas well as thefulfillment ofthe Indonesian Chinese rights. Data is coming from books, journals, newspapers, and archives, which is provided in libraries of ANRI (Arsip Nasional Republik Indonesia) and Association of the Indonesian Chinese. However, its contribution to the above goals is hardly found in national newspapers at the beginning of its foundation; therefore this research will use interviews with some Association of the Indonesian Chinese founders as its main data (information). It is clear from this research that the success of Association of the Indonesian Chinese does not result from Indonesian Chinese efforts alone, but also from other ethnic supports. Those supports have become proves that Association of the Indonesian Chinese has been winning a sympathy from many people.;During 1998, there were two events that had important impacts on Chinese ethnic in Indonesia. The first was May 1998 Riot, which followed by the second event, i.e. the fall of Soeharto and the end of the New Order government in Indonesia. Mei 1998 Riots, which was filled with anti-Chinese sentiment and took a lot of victims of Chinese ethnic, created a turning point in the Indonesian Chinese movement. This research aims to explore the process of the establishment of the Association of the Indonesian Chinese (Perhimpunan INTI) and its contribution tothe integration of the Indonesian Chinese ethnic with other ethnicsas well as thefulfillment ofthe Indonesian Chinese rights. Data is coming from books, journals, newspapers, and archives, which is provided in libraries of ANRI (Arsip Nasional Republik Indonesia) and Association of the Indonesian Chinese. However, its contribution to the above goals is hardly found in national newspapers at the beginning of its foundation; therefore this research will use interviews with some Association of the Indonesian Chinese founders as its main data (information). It is clear from this research that the success of Association of the Indonesian Chinese does not result from Indonesian Chinese efforts alone, but also from other ethnic supports. Those supports have become proves that Association of the Indonesian Chinese has been winning a sympathy from many people.;During 1998, there were two events that had important impacts on Chinese ethnic in Indonesia. The first was May 1998 Riot, which followed by the second event, i.e. the fall of Soeharto and the end of the New Order government in Indonesia. Mei 1998 Riots, which was filled with anti-Chinese sentiment and took a lot of victims of Chinese ethnic, created a turning point in the Indonesian Chinese movement. This research aims to explore the process of the establishment of the Association of the Indonesian Chinese (Perhimpunan INTI) and its contribution tothe integration of the Indonesian Chinese ethnic with other ethnicsas well as thefulfillment ofthe Indonesian Chinese rights. Data is coming from books, journals, newspapers, and archives, which is provided in libraries of ANRI (Arsip Nasional Republik Indonesia) and Association of the Indonesian Chinese. However, its contribution to the above goals is hardly found in national newspapers at the beginning of its foundation; therefore this research will use interviews with some Association of the Indonesian Chinese founders as its main data (information). It is clear from this research that the success of Association of the Indonesian Chinese does not result from Indonesian Chinese efforts alone, but also from other ethnic supports. Those supports have become proves that Association of the Indonesian Chinese has been winning a sympathy from many people.;During 1998, there were two events that had important impacts on Chinese ethnic in Indonesia. The first was May 1998 Riot, which followed by the second event, i.e. the fall of Soeharto and the end of the New Order government in Indonesia. Mei 1998 Riots, which was filled with anti-Chinese sentiment and took a lot of victims of Chinese ethnic, created a turning point in the Indonesian Chinese movement. This research aims to explore the process of the establishment of the Association of the Indonesian Chinese (Perhimpunan INTI) and its contribution tothe integration of the Indonesian Chinese ethnic with other ethnicsas well as thefulfillment ofthe Indonesian Chinese rights. Data is coming from books, journals, newspapers, and archives, which is provided in libraries of ANRI (Arsip Nasional Republik Indonesia) and Association of the Indonesian Chinese. However, its contribution to the above goals is hardly found in national newspapers at the beginning of its foundation; therefore this research will use interviews with some Association of the Indonesian Chinese founders as its main data (information). It is clear from this research that the success of Association of the Indonesian Chinese does not result from Indonesian Chinese efforts alone, but also from other ethnic supports. Those supports have become proves that Association of the Indonesian Chinese has been winning a sympathy from many people.;During 1998, there were two events that had important impacts on Chinese ethnic in Indonesia. The first was May 1998 Riot, which followed by the second event, i.e. the fall of Soeharto and the end of the New Order government in Indonesia. Mei 1998 Riots, which was filled with anti-Chinese sentiment and took a lot of victims of Chinese ethnic, created a turning point in the Indonesian Chinese movement. This research aims to explore the process of the establishment of the Association of the Indonesian Chinese (Perhimpunan INTI) and its contribution tothe integration of the Indonesian Chinese ethnic with other ethnicsas well as thefulfillment ofthe Indonesian Chinese rights. Data is coming from books, journals, newspapers, and archives, which is provided in libraries of ANRI (Arsip Nasional Republik Indonesia) and Association of the Indonesian Chinese. However, its contribution to the above goals is hardly found in national newspapers at the beginning of its foundation; therefore this research will use interviews with some Association of the Indonesian Chinese founders as its main data (information). It is clear from this research that the success of Association of the Indonesian Chinese does not result from Indonesian Chinese efforts alone, but also from other ethnic supports. Those supports have become proves that Association of the Indonesian Chinese has been winning a sympathy from many people.;During 1998, there were two events that had important impacts on Chinese ethnic in Indonesia. The first was May 1998 Riot, which followed by the second event, i.e. the fall of Soeharto and the end of the New Order government in Indonesia. Mei 1998 Riots, which was filled with anti-Chinese sentiment and took a lot of victims of Chinese ethnic, created a turning point in the Indonesian Chinese movement. This research aims to explore the process of the establishment of the Association of the Indonesian Chinese (Perhimpunan INTI) and its contribution tothe integration of the Indonesian Chinese ethnic with other ethnicsas well as thefulfillment ofthe Indonesian Chinese rights. Data is coming from books, journals, newspapers, and archives, which is provided in libraries of ANRI (Arsip Nasional Republik Indonesia) and Association of the Indonesian Chinese. However, its contribution to the above goals is hardly found in national newspapers at the beginning of its foundation; therefore this research will use interviews with some Association of the Indonesian Chinese founders as its main data (information). It is clear from this research that the success of Association of the Indonesian Chinese does not result from Indonesian Chinese efforts alone, but also from other ethnic supports. Those supports have become proves that Association of the Indonesian Chinese has been winning a sympathy from many people.;During 1998, there were two events that had important impacts on Chinese ethnic in Indonesia. The first was May 1998 Riot, which followed by the second event, i.e. the fall of Soeharto and the end of the New Order government in Indonesia. Mei 1998 Riots, which was filled with anti-Chinese sentiment and took a lot of victims of Chinese ethnic, created a turning point in the Indonesian Chinese movement. This research aims to explore the process of the establishment of the Association of the Indonesian Chinese (Perhimpunan INTI) and its contribution tothe integration of the Indonesian Chinese ethnic with other ethnicsas well as thefulfillment ofthe Indonesian Chinese rights. Data is coming from books, journals, newspapers, and archives, which is provided in libraries of ANRI (Arsip Nasional Republik Indonesia) and Association of the Indonesian Chinese. However, its contribution to the above goals is hardly found in national newspapers at the beginning of its foundation; therefore this research will use interviews with some Association of the Indonesian Chinese founders as its main data (information). It is clear from this research that the success of Association of the Indonesian Chinese does not result from Indonesian Chinese efforts alone, but also from other ethnic supports. Those supports have become proves that Association of the Indonesian Chinese has been winning a sympathy from many people., During 1998, there were two events that had important impacts on Chinese ethnic in Indonesia. The first was May 1998 Riot, which followed by the second event, i.e. the fall of Soeharto and the end of the New Order government in Indonesia. Mei 1998 Riots, which was filled with anti-Chinese sentiment and took a lot of victims of Chinese ethnic, created a turning point in the Indonesian Chinese movement. This research aims to explore the process of the establishment of the Association of the Indonesian Chinese (Perhimpunan INTI) and its contribution tothe integration of the Indonesian Chinese ethnic with other ethnicsas well as thefulfillment ofthe Indonesian Chinese rights. Data is coming from books, journals, newspapers, and archives, which is provided in libraries of ANRI (Arsip Nasional Republik Indonesia) and Association of the Indonesian Chinese. However, its contribution to the above goals is hardly found in national newspapers at the beginning of its foundation; therefore this research will use interviews with some Association of the Indonesian Chinese founders as its main data (information). It is clear from this research that the success of Association of the Indonesian Chinese does not result from Indonesian Chinese efforts alone, but also from other ethnic supports. Those supports have become proves that Association of the Indonesian Chinese has been winning a sympathy from many people.]"