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"This book gives insight on the dynamics and route of economic policies that have been taken and implemented since the point of institutional reforms in 1998 that is triggered from the context of financial crisis in 1997/​1998. The condition that brought different paradigm on the landscape of economic and development policies, especially on the case of monetary and financial structure, international trade sector, manufacturing sector, taxes administration policy, and the evolved context of decentralization and development of public sector policies in general.Given state of current economic development, this book offers suggestions to address economic issues that require improvements. This book is unique as: 1) it is about Indonesia, a country that mostly affected by 1997/​1998 financial crisis, which also lead to a change in regime, 2) It cover a broad range of thematic topics on sectors development and institutional changes from major policies that have been taken, 3) It posted both existing and future challenges on monetary and financial sectors, trade, manufacturing and competitiveness, as well as on development of decentralization policies"

"ABSTRAKBeberapa penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aliran modal dinilai berkontribusi pada pertumbuhan kredit yang tidak wajar dan memiliki risiko seperti penghentian arus modal yang masuk secara tiba-tiba di mana hal tersebut mampu memicu terjadinya krisis keuangan. Di sisi lain, Asia masih menjadi tempat menarik untuk aliran modal. Dengan meningkatnya integrasi Asia dengan luar dan antar kawasan Asia, aliran modal di Asia mungkin akan terus berkembang, dan menimbulkan berbagai efek positif serta juga efek negatif. Dengan mengggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan metode studi kepustakaan, penelitian ini berusaha untuk melihat peran capital inflow pada krisis keuangan Asia 1997. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa capital inflow berperan sebagai bahan bakar pada lending boom yang diiringi dengan perilaku pengambilan risiko berlebihan, sehingga memicu krisis keuangan.

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ABSTRACTMany studies showed that capital inflow is believed to contribute in the excessive growth of credit and to have risk of sudden stop and capital reversal which can trigger financial crisis. Asia is still an attractive destination of capital inflow from abroad. With the development of Asian integration within and outside the region, capital inflow to Asia might be persistently happening. Using qualitative approach and literature study method, this study aims to understand the role of capital inflow to the Asian financial crisis in 1997. This study found that capital inflow acted as a fuel to lending boom which induce excessive risk taking that trigger financial crisis. "

"Dalam teori diketahui bahwa besar money supply dibentuk dari besar monetary base dan nilai money multiplier, di mana nilai money multiplier disusun dari nilai currency ratio dan reserve ratio. Perubahan monetary base, perubahan currency ratio, dan perubahan reserve ratio dapat membuat perubahan pada money supply. Mengetahui bahwa M1 dan M2 di Indonesia meningkat selama krisis 1997-1998, maka fokus penelitian ini adalah untuk mencari tahu perubahan pada variabel manakah (di antara ketiga variabel tersebut) yang menjadi sumber terbesar peningkatan M1 dan M2 di Indonesia selama krisis. Mengikuti model perhitungan matematika yang pernah dipakai Friedman dan Schwartz (1963) dan Stauffer (2006) ketika meneliti kasus Great Depression di Amerika Serikat, penulis mendapatkan jawaban bahwa perubahan monetary base di Indonesia selama krisis 1997-1998 merupakan penyebab terbesar peningkatan M1 dan M2 saat itu. Hasil ini sesuai dengan pernyataan yang disampaikan di literatur-literatur.

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It is theoretically known that money supply is made from monetary base and its money multiplier process, where money multiplier is composed by currency ratio and reserve ratio. The change of monetary base, currency ratio, and reserve ratio therefore could make the change in money supply. Knowing that M1 and M2 in Indonesia is increasing during 1997-1998 crisis, then this research aim to find out which one of those three factors that becomes the biggest source of change of M1 and M2 in Indonesia during that crisis. By applying mathematical equation models used by Friedman and Schwartz (1963) and Stauffer (2006) in analyzing Great Depression in United States, the author found that the change of monetary base in Indonesia during 1997-1998 crisis has become the biggest source of increasing M1 and M2 in that period. This result is consistent with the statements in other literatures."

"ABSTRAKGlobalisasi pendidikan telah membuka ruang interaksi yang semakin intensif antara pemerintah suatu negara dengan institusi internasional seperti Bank Dunia. Di Indonesia, Bank Dunia berperan dalam mengarahkan haluan kebijakan pendidikan tinggi di Indonesia melalui serangkaian preskripsi kebijakan. Skripsi ini mempertanyakan dorongan Pemerintah Indonesia untuk menerima preskripsi reformasi pendidikan tinggi meskipun Pendidikan Tinggi kerapkali diposisikan sebagai infant industry bagi negara berkembang. Untuk menjawab pertanyaan tersebut, skripsi ini menggunakan kerangka teori discursive institutionalism dan policy borrowing. Oleh sebab itu, skripsi ini menelaah beragam preskripsi Bank Dunia yang diturunkan ke dalam diskursus-diskursus Pemerintah Indonesia pada proses identifikasi kepentingan, konstruksi kebijakan, dan legitimasi kebijakan. Skripsi ini menunjukkan bahwa gagasan new paradigm dan knowledge economy yang berorientasi pada peningkaan daya saing berperan penting dalam mendorong Pemerintah Indonesia untuk melakukan reformasi pendidikan tinggi pasca krisis finansial 1997. Implikasi dari reformasi ini adalah perubahan cara melihat pendidikan dari pendidikan sebagai barang publik menjadi pendidikan sebagai barang privat. Kajian ini berguna untuk mengkaji bagaimana struktur memengaruhi agen di mana Bank Dunia memengaruhi Pemerintah Indonesia.

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ABSTRAKThe globalization of education has opened an increasingly intensive interaction space between the governments of a country with international institutions such as the World Bank. In Indonesia, the World Bank plays a role in guiding the policy direction of higher education in Indonesia through a series of policy prescriptions. This thesis questioned the Indonesian Government s decision to receive a prescription for higher education reform although higher education is often positioned as an infant industry for developing countries. To answer the question, this thesis uses discursive institutionalism and policy borrowing theory. Therefore, this thesis examines the various World Bank prescriptions that are derived into Indonesian Government discourses on the process of identifying interests, policy constructs, and policy legitimacy. This thesis shows that the idea of new paradigm and knowledge economy oriented towards the enhancement of competitiveness play an important role in encouraging the Indonesian Government to undertake higher education reforms after the 1997 financial crisis. The implications of this reform are the change in how education is seen from education as public goods into education as private goods . This review is useful for assessing how structures affect agents in which the World Bank influences the Indonesian Government."

"ABSTRAKTulisan ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peran Bank Dunia dalam perkembangan sektor perlindungan sosial di Indonesia dengan menggunakan kerangka berpikir neo-gramscianism yang dikemukakan oleh Robert Cox. Tulisan ini mengkategorikan perkembangan sistem perlindungan sosial di Indonesia ke dalam lima periode, yaitu i periode sebelum Krisis Finansial Asia 1997, ii periode diperkenalkannya program Jaring Pengaman Sosial JPS tahun 1997-2001, iii periode transisi program temporer menjadi program reguler terinstitusionalisasi tahun 2002-2004, iv periode pembentukan sistem jaminan sosial nasional tahun 2005-2011, dan v periode pengintegrasian institusi jaminan sosial tahun 2012 hingga saat ini. Dari hasil analisis yang dilakukan, tulisan ini berkesimpulan bahwa terdapat peranan Bank Dunia yang penting di dalam proses perkembangan program perlindungan sosial di Indonesia ditinjau dari sisi perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengawasan, dan pendanaan. Tulisan ini berargumen bahwa keterlibatan aktif Bank Dunia tersebut merupakan manifestasi dari fungsi Bank Dunia sebagai organisasi internasional untuk melanggengkan hegemoni norma neoliberalisme. Pada akhirnya, tulisan ini menyimpulkan bahwa agenda untuk mengembangkan sistem perlindungan sosial merupakan suatu langkah yang harus ditempuh Bank Dunia untuk melanggengkan sistem hegemoni neoliberalisme yang ada.

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ABSTRAKThis paper aims to analyze the role of the World Bank in the development of social protection policy in Indonesia using the neo gramscianism framework proposed by Robert Cox. This paper categorized the development of social protection system in Indonesia into five periods, namely i i the period before the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis, ii the introduction period of the Social Safety Net SSN 1997 2001, iii temporary transitional program period into an institutionalized program 2002 2004, iv the period of establishment of the national social security system in 2005 2011, v the period of integration of social security institutions in 2012 to the present. The result of the analysis concludes that, there is an important role of the Bank in the development process of social protection programmes in Indonesia, in terms of planning, implementation, supervision, and funding. This research argues that the World Bank rsquo s active involvement is a form of manifestation of the World Bank rsquo s function as an international organization to perpetuate the hegemony of neoliberalism values. Ultimately, this research concludes that the World Bank as the manifestation of the existing system of neoliberal hegemony in which the agenda to develop social protection system is an essential step to take to perpetuate the current system."