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"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi gambaran peran perawat sebagai advocator dalam memberikan pelayanan keperawatan kepada pasien HIV/AIDS di RSUD Bekasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain deskriptif sederhana dengan teknik non-random sampling memuat sampel 61 orang yang dilakukan pada perawat rawat inap di RSUD Bekasi. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa peran perawat sebagai advocator dalam memberikan pelayanan keperawatan kepada pasien HIV/AIDS di RSUD Bekasi tahun 2009 adalah tinggi sebesar 64%. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan agar penelitian selanjutnya dapat menyoroti peran perawat sebagai advocator dalam memberikan pelayanan keperawatan pada pasien HIV/AIDS di area lain seperti; area bedah, penyakit dalam ataupun kebidanan, sehingga meningkatkan profesionalisme perawat dalam memberikan asuhan keperawatan.

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This study aims to identify the image of nurses as role advocator in providing nursing services to patients with HIV / AIDS in hospitals of Bekasi. Research design deskriftif use this simple technique with non-random sampling a sample of 61 people conducted in the Inpatient nurses in hospitalsof Bekasi.

The results of the analysis indicate that the role of nurses as advocator in providing nursing services to patients with HIV / AIDS hospitals in Bekasi in 2009 is high as 64%.

This study recommends that further research can highlight the role of nurses as advocator in providing nursing services in patients with HIV / AIDS in other areas such as areas of surgery, or disease in obstetrics, increasing the professionalism of nurses in providing nursing care."

"Kasus AIDS (Acquired lmmuno Deficiency syndrome) merupakan kumpulan gejaia akibat infeksi HIV yang dapat menurunkan kekebalan tubuh penderita, saat ini semakin banyak ditangani oleh RSUD kota Bekasi. Masih adanya kecelakaan kerja berupa Iuka tusuk jarum bekas pasien, adanya perilaku tidak aman seperti pemakaian APD yang tidak kontinu dan pembuangan jarum bekas pakai tidak pada tempat semestinya yang dilakukan oleh tenaga keperawatan, merupakan hal yang tidak diharapkan. Heinrich (1941), memperkenalkan konsep penyebab terjadinya kecelakaan kerja, umumnya adalah faktor periiaku manusia (unsafe actlbehavior) sekitar 88%, faktor kondisi tempat kerja (unsafe condition) sekitar 10%, dan sisanya sekitar 2% disebabkan oleh faktor takdir, sedangkan Petersen (1988), menyebutkan bahwa umumnya seorang karyawan cenderung melakukan peri- Iaku tidak aman karena beberapa hat, yaitu tingkat persepsi yang buruk terha- dap adanya bahaya atau risiko di tempat keria, menganggap remeh tentang kemungkinan terjadinya kecelakaan kelja, dan menganggap rendah biaya yang harus dikeluarkan jika terjadi kecelakaan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh gambaran persepsi risiko mengenai HIV/AIDS pada tenaga keperawatan di RSUD kota Bekasi, sehingga rumah sakit dapat mengambil sikap yang diperlukan untuk memperbaiki kondisi saat ini. Oleh karena itu penutis ingin melakukan penelitian agar mendapatkan gambaran mengenai persepsi risiko tenaga keperawatan mengenai HIV/AIDS. Penelitian ini merupakan stucii analisis deskriptif dengan metode pene- litian C/oss Sectionaf, yang ditakukan di RSUD kota Bekasi pada bulan April sampai dengan Juli 2007. Pengambilan data primer berupa kuesioner dilakukan pada 144 tenaga keperawatan fungsional, karena merupakan pekerja rumah sakit yang paling sering melakukan kontak dengan pasien.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat persepsi risiko yang kurang baik mengenai kerentanan penularan HIV/AIDS, dan persepsi risiko yang baik mengenai keparahan HIV/AIDS, pencegahan/perilaku hati-hati dan keuntungan pemakaian APD dalam penoegahan penularan HIV/AIDS. Penelitian mengenai persepsi risiko berdasarkan variabel masa kerja menunjukkan adanya persepsi risiko mengenai kerentanan terhadap HIV/AIDS yang kurang baik pada semua kelompok masa kerja, terutama pada kelompok masa kerja dibawah 1 tahun. Berdasarkan variabel pengetahuan menunjukkan adanya persepsi risiko mengenai kerentanan terhadap HIV/AIDS yang baik pada kelompok yang memiliki pengetahuan tinggi, dan persepsi nsiko kurang baik pada kelompok yang memiliki pengetahuan sedang dan rendah. Berdasarkan variabel sikap menunjukkan adanya persepsi risiko mengenai kerentanan terhadap HIV/AIDS yang kurang baik pada semua kelompok yang enggan merawat pasien HIV/A!DS, Hepatitis B dan Hepatitis C, terutama pada kelompok yang tidak bersedia merawat pasien HIV/AIDS. Berdasarkan variabel pengalaman menunjukkan adanya persepsi risiko mengenai kerentanan terhadap HIV/AIDS yang kurang baik pada semua kelompok pengalaman mendapatkan Iuka tusuk jarum. Berdasarkan variabel karakteristik tenaga keperawatan, ditemukan adanya angka kejadian Iuka tusuk jarum yang masih tinggi, adanya pemakaian APD yang tidak kontinu, adanya transfer informasi yang kurang efektif, dan adanya kekha-watiran pada tenaga keperawatan akan penularan HIV/AIDS. Pihak RSUD kota Bekasi perlu membentuk panitia K3RS (Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja Rumah Sakit) yang berperan dalam pembinaan program keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja, meningkatkan persepsi risiko tenaga keperawatan di RSUD kota Bekasi dengan cava memberikan edukasi berupa penyuluhan, pemahaman dan informasi yang tepat. Melakukan pengawasan terhadap kinelja tenaga keperawatan di RSUD kota Bekasi, terutama yang berkaitan dengan perilaku iidak aman saat bekerja, dan melakukan pembaharuan atas berbagai informasi menyangkut petunjuk pe iaksanaan atau SOP dan melakukan sosialisasi yang efektif. Meningkatkan rasa kepercayaan dan rasa aman saat bekeria pada tenaga keperawatan dengan menyediakan sarana, prasarana dan kebijakan-kebijakan yang dapat melindungi pekerja.

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Over the last few years there is an increase of HIV/AIDS (Human Immunodeficiency Virus that caused Acquired lmmuno Deficiency Syndrome) cases at Bekasi Public Hospital. Similarly accidental cuts and wounds cause by carelessly disposal hypodermic needle and discontinue application of PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) were among the unacceptable behavior by the healthcare worker (nurse and midwive).

Heinrich (1941), introduce the main cause of work accident is about 88% due to unsafe actlbehavior, 10% due to unsafe working condition and about 2% is fate. On the other hand Petersen (1988) stated that the tendency of workers unsafe act/behavior were mainly caused by level of perception on risk/danger on the work place, ignorance of possible work accident and perception that accidental cost is cheap.

The objective of this study is to obtain information on HIVIAIDS risk perception by the healthcare worker at the Bekasi Public Hospital to enable the hospital undertake necessary action and policy improve the current condition. Descriptive analysis using Cross Sectional Method is used on the study by obtaining primary data using questioners for 144 functional healthcare worker(nurse and midwive) as the main personnel in hospital in close contact with the patient.

The result of the study indicated that there is a low level risk perception on susceptibility of HIV/AIDS infection and high level risk perception on the severity of HlVlAlDS infection, prevention/carefull behaviour and the advantage or benefit uses of PPE to prevent HIV/AIDS infecion. The study also indicated that based on the susceptibility of HIV/AIDS infection there is a low level risk perception among all health workers grouped by their work periode, and especially very low for the less than 1 year work periode group. Furthermore, there is a high level risk perception among the high level of knowledge group, but low level risk perception for the medium and low level of knowledge group. There is also a high level risk perception among all group who is unwilling to care patient with HIVIAIDS, Hepatitis B dan Hepatitis C, especially who is unwilling to care HIV/AIDS patient.

Based on the experience variable, there is a low level risk perception on susceptibility of HlV/AIDS infection among all group. Furthermore, there is a high case of accidental cuts, discontinue uses of PPE, ineffective transfer of information and fear of HIVIAIDS infection among the nurses and midwive.

There is an urgent need on establish a Comettee on Hospital Occupational Safety and Health at Bekasl Public Hospital, to undertake initiative on healthy and safety work, increase the risk perception level among the health worker through education program, includes: guidence and proper information.

Undertaking monitoring on the health worker, especially on the unsafety behaivor during work and information changes on SOP, and effective socialization. Improvement the self confidence during work period among health workers by providing equipment, facilities and policy needs to protect the healthcare workers."

"ABSTRAK Kasus HIV/AIDS dan tuberkulosis banyak diderita masyarakat perkotaan.Penyakit pada masyarakat perkotaan berkaitan dengan karakteristik lingkungandan gaya hidup masyarakat perkotaan. Kasus HIV biasanya disertai denganberbagai infeksi oportunistik. Infeksi opportunistik yang paling banyak ditemukanadalah tuberkulosis, diikuti dengan kandidiasis oral, dan diare. Masalahkeperawatan utama pada pasien dengan tuberkulosis adalah ketidakefektifanbersihan jalan napas berhubungan dengan retensi sputum. Penulisan karya ilmiahakhir ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis intervensi mandiri keperawatan berupakombinasi antara anjuran minum air putih hangat, postural drainase, dan batukefektif untuk mengatasi masalah bersihan jalan napas tidak efektif. Intervensidilakukan pada pasien HIV/AIDS dengan tuberculosis di ruang rawat penyakitdalam RSCM. Hasil dan evaluasi dari intervensi yang dilakukan yaituberkurangnya penumpukan sputum pada jalan napas pasien, sehingga pasien tidakmerasakan sesak seperti sebelumnya dan bisa bernapas lebih lega. Perawatdiharapkan dapat melakukan intervensi mandiri keperawatan berupa kombinasiantara anjuran minum air putih hangat, postural drainase, dan batuk efektiftersebut untuk membantu memperbaiki status pernapasan pasien.ABSTRACT Cases of HIV / AIDS and tuberculosis affects many urban communities. Diseases

in urban communities are related to environment and lifestyle characteristics of

urban communities. HIV cases are usually accompanied by a variety of

opportunistic infections. The most common opportunistic infections is

tuberculosis, followed by oral candidiasis and diarrhea. The main nursing

problems in patients with tuberculosis is the ineffectiveness of airway clearance

related to the retention of sputum. This final scientific thesis aims to analyze the

independent nursing intervention in the form of a combination of the

recommendation to drink warm water, postural drainage, and cough effectively to

address the problem of ineffective airway clearance. The intervention was

conducted in HIV/AIDS patient with tuberculosis in medical ward RSCM. The

result of interventions was reduced sputum buildup in the airway of the patient, so

the patient did not feel crowded as before and could breathe more easily. Nurses

are expected to conduct independent nursing interventions in the form of a

combination of the recommendation to drink warm water, postural drainage and

effective coughing to help improve patient's respiratory status. ;Cases of HIV / AIDS and tuberculosis affects many urban communities. Diseases

in urban communities are related to environment and lifestyle characteristics of

urban communities. HIV cases are usually accompanied by a variety of

opportunistic infections. The most common opportunistic infections is

tuberculosis, followed by oral candidiasis and diarrhea. The main nursing

problems in patients with tuberculosis is the ineffectiveness of airway clearance

related to the retention of sputum. This final scientific thesis aims to analyze the

independent nursing intervention in the form of a combination of the

recommendation to drink warm water, postural drainage, and cough effectively to

address the problem of ineffective airway clearance. The intervention was

conducted in HIV/AIDS patient with tuberculosis in medical ward RSCM. The

result of interventions was reduced sputum buildup in the airway of the patient, so

the patient did not feel crowded as before and could breathe more easily. Nurses

are expected to conduct independent nursing interventions in the form of a

combination of the recommendation to drink warm water, postural drainage and

effective coughing to help improve patient's respiratory status. ;Cases of HIV / AIDS and tuberculosis affects many urban communities. Diseases

in urban communities are related to environment and lifestyle characteristics of

urban communities. HIV cases are usually accompanied by a variety of

opportunistic infections. The most common opportunistic infections is

tuberculosis, followed by oral candidiasis and diarrhea. The main nursing

problems in patients with tuberculosis is the ineffectiveness of airway clearance

related to the retention of sputum. This final scientific thesis aims to analyze the

independent nursing intervention in the form of a combination of the

recommendation to drink warm water, postural drainage, and cough effectively to

address the problem of ineffective airway clearance. The intervention was

conducted in HIV/AIDS patient with tuberculosis in medical ward RSCM. The

result of interventions was reduced sputum buildup in the airway of the patient, so

the patient did not feel crowded as before and could breathe more easily. Nurses

are expected to conduct independent nursing interventions in the form of a

combination of the recommendation to drink warm water, postural drainage and

effective coughing to help improve patient's respiratory status. "