"[
ABSTRAKWilayah udara yang berada di atas sebuah negara merupakan hak negara tersebut
secara penuh dan eksklusif. Namun, ketentuan itu tidak selalu dapat diikuti. Hal
ini ditunjukkan dengan adanya pengaturan wilayah penerbangan di atas negara ?
negara di dunia, Flight Information Region (FIR), yang tidak selalu mengikuti
garis batas negara. Kondisi tersebut dialami oleh Indonesia. Sebagian wilayah
udara di kawasan Kepulauan Riau dan Natuna didelegasikan kepada Singapura
karena ketidakmampuan Indonesia konon dalam mengelola navigasi penerbangan.
Melalui pendelegasian wilayah udara tersebut, terdapat berbagai kerugian yang
diderita oleh Indonesia. Namun, pemerintah Indonesia tetap meneruskan kerja
sama pengelolaan wilayah udara tersebut walaupun perjanjian pendelegasian,
yang dibuat pada tahun 1995, telah berakhir masa berlakunya, dan kondisi
Indonesia telah memungkinkan untuk mengambil kembali kewenangannya. Hal
inilah yang menjadi anomali dari sikap negara berdaulat. Oleh sebab itu, tesis ini
menggunakan teori politik birokratik (bureaucratic politics theory) dalam
pembedahan isu untuk melihat proses pemutusan kebijakan politik luar negeri di
antara birokrasi ? birokrasi di dalam negeri. Pembedahan tesis dibagi sesuai
dengan variabel dalam teori ini, yaitu aktor/birokrasi yang terlibat, faktor yang
menentukan masing ? masing aktor, dan sikap aktor dalam menyatukan
pertimbangan untuk menghasilkan keputusan dan tindakan pemerintah. Setelah
mendapatkan ketiga variabel penelitian, langkah selanjutnya adalah memetakan
politik birokratik Indonesia terkait isu tersebut. Pada akhirnya, ditemukan adanya
masalah politik birokratik intranasional yang menyebabkan limitasi pilihan bagi
pemerintah dalam proses pemutusan kebijakan politik luar negeri menanggapi isu
pendelegasian wilayah udara nasional kepada Singapura. Masalah ini juga
merefleksikan persaingan antara Indonesia dan Singapura di beberapa aspek.
ABSTRACTAir territory, located above a country, is exclusively and fully considered a right
owned by the subjacent state. However, this provision does not always succeed to
follow. This is indicated by the Flight Information Region (FIR) which most
unlikely follow the country demarcation line. That condition is experienced by
Indonesia with most of the air territories in Riau Islands and Natuna are delegated
to Singapore due to the country?s inability in managing air navigation. By
delegating the air territory, Indonesia suffers various losses. However, Indonesian
government still continues the air territory management cooperation although the
delegation agreement in 1995 has expired, and the condition of Indonesia has
made it possible to take back the authority. This is considered an anomaly of the
sovereign state?s attitude. Therefore, this thesis applies the bureaucratic politics
theory in dissecting issues to look at the foreign policy decision making process
among bureaucracies in the country. Thesis dissection is divided according to the
variables in this theory, the actor/bureaucracy involved, the factors that determine
each actor, and the attitude of each actor in aggregating to yield governmental
decisions and actions. After obtaining three variables of the study, Indonesian
bureaucratic politic, related to the issue, is mapped. In the end, the identified
problems of intra-national bureaucratic politics cause choices of limitation in the
governmental foreign policy decision making process in response to the issue of
national air territory delegation to Singapore. Furthermore, this issue also reflects
the competition between Indonesia and Singapore in several aspects.;Air territory, located above a country, is exclusively and fully considered a right
owned by the subjacent state. However, this provision does not always succeed to
follow. This is indicated by the Flight Information Region (FIR) which most
unlikely follow the country demarcation line. That condition is experienced by
Indonesia with most of the air territories in Riau Islands and Natuna are delegated
to Singapore due to the country?s inability in managing air navigation. By
delegating the air territory, Indonesia suffers various losses. However, Indonesian
government still continues the air territory management cooperation although the
delegation agreement in 1995 has expired, and the condition of Indonesia has
made it possible to take back the authority. This is considered an anomaly of the
sovereign state?s attitude. Therefore, this thesis applies the bureaucratic politics
theory in dissecting issues to look at the foreign policy decision making process
among bureaucracies in the country. Thesis dissection is divided according to the
variables in this theory, the actor/bureaucracy involved, the factors that determine
each actor, and the attitude of each actor in aggregating to yield governmental
decisions and actions. After obtaining three variables of the study, Indonesian
bureaucratic politic, related to the issue, is mapped. In the end, the identified
problems of intra-national bureaucratic politics cause choices of limitation in the
governmental foreign policy decision making process in response to the issue of
national air territory delegation to Singapore. Furthermore, this issue also reflects
the competition between Indonesia and Singapore in several aspects., Air territory, located above a country, is exclusively and fully considered a right
owned by the subjacent state. However, this provision does not always succeed to
follow. This is indicated by the Flight Information Region (FIR) which most
unlikely follow the country demarcation line. That condition is experienced by
Indonesia with most of the air territories in Riau Islands and Natuna are delegated
to Singapore due to the country’s inability in managing air navigation. By
delegating the air territory, Indonesia suffers various losses. However, Indonesian
government still continues the air territory management cooperation although the
delegation agreement in 1995 has expired, and the condition of Indonesia has
made it possible to take back the authority. This is considered an anomaly of the
sovereign state’s attitude. Therefore, this thesis applies the bureaucratic politics
theory in dissecting issues to look at the foreign policy decision making process
among bureaucracies in the country. Thesis dissection is divided according to the
variables in this theory, the actor/bureaucracy involved, the factors that determine
each actor, and the attitude of each actor in aggregating to yield governmental
decisions and actions. After obtaining three variables of the study, Indonesian
bureaucratic politic, related to the issue, is mapped. In the end, the identified
problems of intra-national bureaucratic politics cause choices of limitation in the
governmental foreign policy decision making process in response to the issue of
national air territory delegation to Singapore. Furthermore, this issue also reflects
the competition between Indonesia and Singapore in several aspects.]"
