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"Preparasi nanokomposit masterbatch pati/organoclay digunakan sebagai bahan pencampur pembuatan plastik kemasan yang bersifat biodegradable. Masterbatch tersusun atas pati singkong (tapioka), organoclay (montmorillonite), dan bahan aditif (plasticizer dan compatibilizer). Proses sintesis dengan metode melt compounding (pencampuran lelehan) yang dilakukan menggunakan alat Rheomix mixer. Untuk mendapatkan masterbatch optimum, struktur dan morfologi dari masterbatch diamati menggunakan Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) dan Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). Bahan aditif gliserol monostearat (GMS) dan gum rosin (GR) dapat mempengaruhi perbedaan pembentukan thermoplastic starch (TPS) yang menjadi matriks dari masterbatch. Penggunaan GMS sebagai aditif dengan konsentrasi pati sebesar 36% (wt) menunjukkan morfologi permukaan yang paling homogen, pati mengalami destrukturasi menjadi TPS secara merata, menghasilkan penurunan basal spacing menjadi 2,04 nm dan terbentuk struktur interkalasi. Penggunaan GR sebagai aditif dengan konsentrasi pati yang sama, menunjukkan morfologi permukaan yang kurang homogen, tidak semua pati mengalami destrukturasi dan peningkatan basal spacing organoclay sebesar 3,89 nm serta terbentuk struktur eksfoliasi. Selain itu, peningkatan konsentrasi pati juga memberikan pengaruh terhadap morfologi masterbatch. Semakin banyak konsentrasi pati, morfologi dari masterbatch semakin tidak homogen.

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Preparation of nanocomposite masterbatch starch / organoclay were used as biodegradable mixed materials on the manufacturing of plastic packaging. Masterbatch consist of cassava starch, organoclay (montmorillonite), and additives (plasticizer and compatibilizer). The synthesis process by melt compounding using a Rheomix mixer. To obtain optimum structure and morphology of the masterbatch were observed using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The Additives glycerol monostearate (GMS) and gum rosin (GR) can influenced the differences in the homogeneous of thermoplastic starch (TPS) as a matrix of the masterbatch. The using of GMS as an additive with a 36% (wt) concentration of starch showed the most homogeneous surface morphology, destructuring of starch into TPS homogeneously, the basal spacing of organoclay was decreased into 2.04 nm and obtain intercalated structure. The using of GR as an additive with the same concentration of starch, showed a less homogeneous surface morphology, destructuring of starch into TPS is not homogeneous, increased basal spacing to 3.89 nm and obtain exfoliated structure. Furthermore, the increased starch concentrations was also influence on the morphology of masterbatch. Increased of starch concentration caused the non homogeneous morphology of the masterbatch."

"Pada penelitian ini, nanokomposit clay-epoxy menggunakan Organo clay Nanomer I30E, epoxy resin DER 331 dan curing agent Versamid 125 disintesa dengan metode in situ polimerization. Sebagai pembanding, komposit serat gelas-epoxy menggunakan serat gelas komersial dan epoxy resin dan curing agent yang sama disintesa dengan metode wet laminating.Karakterisasi struktur internal dan permukaan fracture, yang masing-masing menggunakan XRD (X-Ray Diffraction) dan SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope), menunjukkan bahwa nanokomposit telah berhasil disintesa. Nanokomposit memiliki struktur eksfoliasi pada komposisi clay <7.34 (% berat) dan struktur eksfoliasi dan interkalasi pada komposisi clay ≥ 7.34 (% berat). Nanokomposit dengan komposisi clay 2.10 (% berat) terdiri dari fasa epoxy dan fasa aglomerasi clay dan memiliki tanda fracture berbentuk kerucut.Hasil uji tarik, tekan dan kekerasan menunjukkan bahwa nanokomposit, yang disintesa dengan teknik pencampuran DM (Direct Mixing), tidak layak digunakan untuk aplikasi struktural pada pesawat terbang menggantikan komposit serat gelas-epoxy. Hasil uji tarik menunjukkan nanokomposit yang terbentuk memiliki perilaku yang sama dengan komposit particulate epoxy, yaitu tensile strength yang mengalami penurunan seiring dengan penambahan komposisi clay. Hasil uji tekan dan kekerasan masing-masing menunjukkan yield compression strength yang tidak mengalami perubahan dan kekerasan mengalami sedikit peningkatan, yang tidak tergantung pada komposisi clay, seiring dengan penambahan komposisi clay.

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In this observation, clay-epoxy nanocomposites using Nanomer I30E organo clay, DER 331 epoxy resin and Versamid 125 curing agent were synthesized with an in-situ polimerization method. As comparison, fiberglass-epoxy composites using commercial fiber glass and the same epoxy resin and curing agent were synthesized with wet laminating method.

Characterization of internal structure and fracture morphology, using XRD (X-Ray Diffraction) and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) respectively, showed that nanocomposites had been successfully synthesized. Nanocomposites owned an exfoliated structure at clay composition <7.34 (% weight) and a mixture of exfoliated and intercalated structure at clay composition >7.34 (% weight). The nanocomposite with clay composition 2.10 (% weight) consisted of epoxy fase and clay agglomerates fase and owned cone shape fracture markings.

The results of tensile, compression and hardness testings showed that nanocomposites, synthesized using DM (Direct Mixing) dispersion technique, was found not suitable for structural application in aircraft replacing fiberglass-epoxy composite. The result of tensile testing showed nanocomposite formed owned similar behavior to particulateepoxy composite, where the tensile strength experienced decrease as clay composition was increased. The results of compression and hardness testings showed that yield compression strength didn’t experience change and hardness experienced few increases, which was not affected by clay’s composition, as clay's composition increased."

"Nanokomposit polimer-clay merupakan bahan dengan matrik polimer yang diperkuat dengan nanofiller seperti lapisan silika. Pada penelitian ini pembuatan nanokomposit diawali dengan pembuatan masterbatch organo clay dengan penggunaan pelarut kemudian dicampur dengan polimer. Masterbatch dalam penelitian ini dihasilkan dari pencampuran Organo Layered Silicate (OLS), Ethylene Glycol, dan Polypropylene grafted maleic An hydride (PP-g-MA). Pembuatan nanokomposit polipropilen clay dilakukan di dalam mesin Rheomex (twin screw extruder) dengan mencampur masterbatch dan PP. Pengujian material yang dilakukan adalah pengujian XRD, TEM, HDT, dan uji tarik. Hasil yang diperoleh pada pengukuran HDT menunjukkan kenaikan sebesar 22 % pada komposit OLS Nanomer I.44PT dibanding dengan nilai HDT PP murni. Modulus elastisitas menunjukkan kenaikan sebesar 36 % pada komposit OLS DTDA dibanding dengan PP murni.

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Polimer - clay nanocomposite is a material with a polimer matrix which is toughened by nanofiller such as silica particles. In this research,, nanocomposite was prepared from the production of organoclay masterbatch through a mixture of a solvent and a polymer. The masterbatch were produced from a mixture of organo layered silicate (OLS), Ethylene Glycol, and Polypropylene grafted maleic An hydride (PP-g-MA). The production of PP clay nanocomposite was done in Rheomex machine (twin screw extruder) by mixing the masterbatch and PP. The materials evaluated were using XRD, TEM, HDT, and tensile test. The results of HDT measurement showed that the OLS Nanomer composites were 22 % higher compared to the pristine PP. The modulus of elasticity of OLS ? DTDA composites increased 36 % compared to the pristine PP."

"Nanokomposit BiFeO3/LaFeO3 dan BiFeO3/LaFeO3/Graphene dengan variasi persen berat (wt.%) graphene sebanyak 3, 5, dan 10 wt.% telah berhasil difabrikasi menggunakan metode berbantuan ultrasonik. Tidak adanya pengotor dan fasa lain pada nanokomposit ditunjukkan dari hasil karakterisasi X-ray Diffraction (XRD) dan X-ray Fluorescence (XRF). Keberadaan material graphene dan interaksinya dengan nanokomposit BiFeO3/LaFeO3 yang tidak terdeteksi oleh pengukuran XRD dan XRF dapat dilihat dengan jelas melalui pengukuran X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), dan Raman Spectroscopy. Pengukuran UV-Vis Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS) menunjukkan bahwa energi celah pita berkurang karena adanya material graphene. Kehadiran grafena sangat terlihat pengaruhnya pada hasil pengukuran isoterm adsorpsi-desorpsi N2 yang ditandai dengan peningkatan luas permukaan yang drastis dan perubahan bentuk pori-pori permukaan. Nanokomposit BiFeO3/LaFeO3/Graphene menunjukkan aktivitas fotokatalitik yang lebih unggul dibandingkan dengan BiFeO3, LaFeO3, dan BiFeO3/LaFeO3 pada paparan cahaya tampak. Uji reusability menunjukkan stabilitas nanokomposit pada penggunaan berulang sebanyak 4 kali.

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BiFeO3/LaFeO3 and BiFeO3/LaFeO3/Graphene nanocomposites with variations in weight percent (wt.%) graphene as much as 3, 5, and 10 wt.% have been successfully fabricated using ultrasonic-assisted methods. The absence of impurities and other phases in the nanocomposite was shown from the results of X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) characterization. The presence of graphene material and its interactions with BiFeO3/LaFeO3 nanocomposites that were not detected by XRD and XRF measurements could be clearly seen through X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), and Raman Spectroscopy measurements. Measurement of UV-Vis Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS) showed that the band gap energy was reduced due to the presence of graphene material. The presence of graphene has a very visible effect on the measurement results of the N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm which is characterized by a drastic increase in surface area and a change in the shape of the surface pores. BiFeO3/LaFeO3/Graphene nanocomposite showed superior photocatalytic activity compared to BiFeO3, LaFeO3, and BiFeO3/LaFeO3 on exposure to visible light. The reusability test showed the stability of the nanocomposite on repeated use 4 times."

"Nanokomposit Perak, Titanium dioksida, dan Mangan (II,III) oksida (Ag/TiO2/Mn3O4) dengan berbagai rasio molar telah disintesis menggunakan metode hidrotermal. Pengukuran difraksi sinar-X (XRD) mengkonfirmasi struktur nanokomposit Ag/TiO2/Mn3O4 yang terdiri dari struktur kubik Ag, TiO2 anatase, dan Mn3O4 tetragonal. Rasio komposisi unsur nanokomposit Ag/TiO2/Mn3O4 diselidiki dengan fluoresensi sinar-X (XRF). Efek sinergis Ag, TiO2 dan Mn3O4 dapat meningkatkan efisiensi nanokomposit sebagai fotokatalis. Peningkatan efisiensi ditunjukkan dengan melebarnya rentang absorbansi pada hasil pengukuran UV-Vis Diffuse Reflectance. Pengukuran adsorpsi-desorpsi nitrogen menunjukkan bahwa penambahan geraham TiO2 mengakibatkan penurunan luas permukaan spesifik nanokomposit Ag/TiO2/Mn3O4, sedangkan hasil sebaliknya diberikan dengan penambahan geraham Mn3O4. Pada uji fotokatalitik, hasil terbaik ditunjukkan oleh nanokomposit Ag/TiO2/Mn3O4 dengan dominasi Mn3O4 untuk radiasi UV dan cahaya tampak. Pada kondisi optimum, nanokomposit Ag/TiO2/Mn3O4 mampu mendegradasi metilen biru hingga 91% dengan penyinaran selama 2 jam. Uji scavenger mengidentifikasi lubang sebagai spesies yang berkontribusi paling besar pada proses fotokatalitik ini. Uji reusabilitas dan stabilitas pada nanokomposit Ag/TiO2/Mn3O4 menunjukkan hasil positif.

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Silver, Titanium dioxide, and Manganese (II,III) oxide (Ag/TiO2/Mn3O4) nanocomposites with various molar ratios have been synthesized using the hydrothermal method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements confirmed the structure of the Ag/TiO2/Mn3O4 nanocomposite consisting of a cubic structure of Ag, TiO2 anatase, and tetragonal Mn3O4. The elemental composition ratio of Ag/TiO2/Mn3O4 nanocomposite was investigated by X-ray fluorescence (XRF). The synergistic effect of Ag, TiO2 and Mn3O4 can increase the efficiency of nanocomposites as photocatalysts. The increase in efficiency is indicated by the widening of the absorbance range on the measurement results of UV-Vis Diffuse Reflectance. The nitrogen adsorption-desorption measurements showed that the addition of TiO2 molars resulted in a decrease in the specific surface area of ​​the Ag/TiO2/Mn3O4 nanocomposite, while the opposite result was given by the addition of Mn3O4 molars. In the photocatalytic test, the best results were shown by the Ag/TiO2/Mn3O4 nanocomposite with the dominance of Mn3O4 for UV radiation and visible light. Under optimum conditions, Ag/TiO2/Mn3O4 nanocomposite was able to degrade methylene blue up to 91% with irradiation for 2 hours. The scavenger test identified pits as the species that contributed most to this photocatalytic process. Reusability and stability tests on Ag/TiO2/Mn3O4 nanocomposites showed positive results."

"Epoxy-organo clay nanocomposite materials are constructed from a polymer as a matrix and an organoclay as filler. Epoxy-organo clay nanocomposites have been synthesized using various curing agents. The aim of this research was to study the influence of the curing agent and the organoclay contents to the structure and mechanical properties of nanocomposites materials. Epoxy-organo clay nanocomposites were synthesized using cycloaliphatic amine as a curing agent and a montmorillonite organoclay (MMT) as filler through an in situ polymerization method. XRD and TEM technique provide more detail information to understand the structure that relates to the mechanical properties of the materials. Tensile test, compressive test and hardness test were conducted based on ASTM and JIS standards. The fracture surfaces after tensile tests were analyzed using SEM. The nanocomposite properties were compared to glass-fiber composites which were synthesized using wet-laminating method.It was found that the curing agent is influence to the nanocomposites structure which was shown by the change of d-spacing before and after the addition of the agent curing. XRD and TEM techniques showed that both intercalated and exfoliated structure have been formed. TEM image also exhibited that the number of intercalated structure was higher when the organoclay content was higher. It can be said that TEM techniques provides a better understanding of the nanocomposites structure and the number intercalated structure increase as the organoclay increases.The organoclay contain also influences to mechanical properties of nanocomposite materials. The addition of 10.5 wt.% organoclay improved the tensile modulus by 185% but and decreased tensile strength by 186% and 49%, and these values are lower of 36% and 90% compared to glass fiber composites. These decreases in the strength may be attributed to the fact that agglomerate and void was formed. From compression test, the addition of 3.1 wt.% organoclay demonstrated a 102% increase in compression strength and a 93% increase in load maximum compare to epoxy resin. But, that compression strength value lower of 11% compared to glass fiber composites. For the maximum load, the addition of 3.1 wt.% organoclay improved 246% compared to glass fiber composites. Addition of 7.3 wt.% organoclay demonstrated an increase of modulus of the epoxy resin by 93% and 2% compare to glass fiber composites. Meanwhile, the addition of 10.5% organoclay cause decreasing in yield compression up to 31%, but this higher value equal to 406% from is glass fiber composites. While that, result of hardness test do not show the make-up of value meaning in comparison with epoxy matrix."

"Dalam penelitian ini, sintesis hijau nanopartikel SiO2, nanopartikel NiFe2O4, dan nanocomposites SiO2 / NiFe2O4 dalam sistem dua fase (hexane-water) berhasil dilakukan menggunakan ekstrak daun tahongai (Kleinhovia hospita L.). Alkaloid sebagai metabolit sekunder digunakan sebagai sumber basa (-OH), sedangkan saponin digunakan sebagai agen penutup. Sintesis nanopartikel SiO2 yang berhasil, nanopartikel NiFe2O4, dan nanokomposit SiO2 / NiFe2O4 dikonfirmasi melalui hasil karakterisasi. Karakterisasi XRD membuktikan bahwa nanopartikel SiO2 memiliki struktur amorf, nanopartikel NiFe2O4 memiliki struktur spinel kubik, dan nanokomposit SiO2 / NiFe2O4 memiliki nilai difraksi gabungan 2 combined yang khas. Karakterisasi TEM menunjukkan ukuran rata-rata nanokomposit SiO2 / NiFe2O4 sebesar 10 nm. Aktivitas katalitik nanokomposit SiO2 / NiFe2O4 lebih tinggi dari nanopartikel SiO2 dan nanopartikel NiFe2O4 dengan persentase reduksi masing-masing 95,68%, 29,75%, dan 79,79% selama 30 menit. Berdasarkan perhitungan kinetika reaksi reduksi 4-Nitroanilin terhadap p-phenylenediamine menunjukkan bahwa nanokomposit SiO2 / NiFe2O4 mengikuti kinetika orde satu semu.

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In this research green synthesis of SiO2 nanoparticles, NiFe2O4 nanoparticles, and SiO2 / NiFe2O4 nanocomposites in a 2 phase (hexane-water) system was successfully carried out using a tahongai (Kleinhovia hospita L.) leaf extract. The secondary metabolite compound, the alkaloid, is used as a hydrolyzing agent (base source -OH), while saponin is used as a stabilizing agent (capping agent). The success of synthesis of SiO2 nanoparticles, NiFe2O4 nanoparticles, and SiO2 / NiFe2O4 nanocomposites was confirmed through the results of characterization. XRD characterization proves that SiO2 nanoparticles have an amorphous structure, NiFe2O4 nanoparticles have a cubic spinel structure, and SiO2 / NiFe2O4 nanocomposites have a diffraction value of 2θ typical of the two combined. TEM characterization shows the average size of SiO2 / NiFe2O4 nanocomposites is 10 nm. The catalytic activity test of SiO2 nanoparticles, NiFe2O4 nanoparticles, and SiO2 / NiFe2O4 nanocomposites as reduction catalysts were carried out on 4-Nitroaniline with NaBH4 as a reducing agent. The catalytic activity of SiO2 / NiFe2O4 nanocomposite was higher than SiO2 nanoparticles and NiFe2O4 nanoparticles with reduction percentage of 95.68%, 29.75% and 79.79% for 30 minutes, respectively. Based on the kinetics calculation, the rate of reduction of 4-Nitroaniline to p-phenylendiamine was found that the SiO2 / NiFe2O4 nanocomposite followed the pseudo first order reaction kinetics."

"Nanokomposit CeO2/SnO2 telah disintesis melalui proses hidrotermal dan pola difraksi XRD nanokomposit yang dihasilkan masih memuat impuritas selain SnO2 dan CeO2, dan belum menunjukkan terjadinya kristalisasi. Weight loss di 250oC dan 600 oC yang berhubungan dengan hilangnya molekul air dan terjadinya kristalisasi pada nanokomposit diketahui dari hasil pengukuran TGA (Thermal Gravimetric Analysis). Proses kalsinasi terhadap nanokomposit untuk tiga variasi suhu, yaitu 500 oC, 600 oC, dan 700 oC selama 2 jam, menghasilkan pola difrasi XRD (X-Ray Diffraction) dengan hilangnya impuritas dan kristalisasi yang baik. Indentifikasi nanokomposit menggunakan XRF (X-Ray Fluoroscene) menunjukkan elemen Sn dan Ce tetap hadir setelah proses kalsinasi. Kehadiran ikatan oksigen dengan Ce (~460 cm-1) dan Sn (~630 cm-1) diketahui dari pengukuran Raman. Perhitungan celah pita optik nanokomposit dari hasil reflektansi UV-VIS DRS (UV-Visible Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy) berada diantara CeO2 dan SnO2, dan tidak menunjukkan perubahan yang besar dengan perlakuan kalsinasi. Sifat permukaan nanokomposit CeO2/SnO2 dengan dan tanpa kalsinasi menunjukkan macropores yang berbentuk slit-shaped pores. Nanokomposit CeO2/SnO2 yang dikalsinasi pada suhu 600 oC menunjukkan kinerja fotokatalitik terbaik untuk cahaya tampak, dengan dosis 0.2 g/L, dan pH 13 dalam mendegradasi MB (Methylene Blue). Bertambahnya waktu rekombinasi elektron-hole dengan penggabungan CeO2 dan SnO2 yang berbeda celah pita optik, yang berkontribusi dalam degradasi maksimum MB, dengan hole sebagai species yang berperan aktif untuk paparan pada cahaya tampak.

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The CeO2/SnO2 nanocomposites have been synthesized through the hydrothermal process and the nanocomposites XRD diffraction pattern produced still contains impurity other than SnO2 and CeO2, and have not shown crystallization. Weight loss at 250 oC and 600 oC which is related to the loss of water molecules and the occurrence of crystallization in nanocomposites is known from the results of TGA (Thermal Gravimetric Analysis) measurements. The process of calcination of nanocomposites for three variations of temperature, namely 500 oC, 600 oC, and 700 oC for 2 hours, produces XRD (X-Ray Diffraction) diffraction patterns with impurity loss and good crystallization. Identification of nanocomposites using XRF (X-Ray Fluoroscene) shows the elements Sn and Ce remain present after the calcination process. The presence of oxygen bonds with Ce (~ 460 cm-1) and Sn (~ 630 cm-1) is known from Raman measurements. Calculation of nanocomposite optical band gap from the results of UV-VIS DRS (UV-Visible Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy) is between CeO2 and SnO2, and does not show a large change with calcination treatment. Surface properties of CeO2 / SnO2 nanocomposites with and without calcination showed macropores in the form of slit-shaped pores. CeO2 / SnO2 nanocomposites calcined at 600 oC showed the best photocatalytic performance for visible light, at a dose of 0.2 g / L, and pH 13 in degrading MB (Methylene Blue). Increased electron-hole recombination time by combining CeO2 and SnO2 with different optical band gaps, which contributes to the maximum degradation of MB, with holes as species that play an active role for exposure to visible light.

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"Pada penelitian ini nanokomposit Natrium Alginat-Bentonite-TiO2 telah berhasil disitesis. Hasil sintesis yang diperoleh dilakukan karakterisasi menggunakan FTIR, XRD, SEM, EDX dan TEM untuk mengetahui sifat dari nanokomposit yang diperoleh. Nanokomposit yang telah disintesis memiliki bandgap 3.01 eV dengan distribusi ukuran partikel TiO2 kurang dari 500 nm. Nanokomposit diaplikasikan untuk uji adsorpsi dan fotokatalisis dalam pengurangan limbah zat warna Methylene Blue MB . Persen degradasi yang didapat yaitu sebesar 95,01 dalam kondisi optimum pada pH 8, waktu adsorpsi 30 menit dan massa adsorben 30 mg. Isotherm adsorpsi dari proses yang terjadi mengikuti isotherm Langmuir dengan nilai R2 yaitu 0.971. Untuk proses fotokatalisis, telah dipelajari studi kinetika dimana reaksi yang berjalan mengikuti kinetika orde satu dengan nilai R2 yaitu 0.9420 dan konstanta lanju k sebesar 0.008.

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In this study, sodium alginate Bentonite TiO2 nanocomposite has been successfully synthesized in this study. The synthesis results obtained were characterized using FTIR, XRD, SEM, EDX and TEM to determine the properties of the acquired nanocomposites. The synthesized nanocomposite has a 3.01 ev bandgap with a particle size distribution of TiO2 less than 500 nm. Nanocomposites were applied for the adsorption and photocatalysis tests in the reduction of methylene blue MB dye waste. The percentage of degradation was 95,01 under optimum pH condition of 8, optimal adsorption time of 30 minutes, and the optimal adsorbent mass of 30 mg. The adsorption isotherm of the process that follows Langmuir isotherm with R2 value is 0.971. For the process of photocatalysis, kinetic studies have been studied in which the reaction follows the first order kinetics with the R2 value of 0.9420 and the rate constant k of 0.008."

"Pada penelitian ini, nanopartikel ZnO, NiWO4, dan ZnO/NiWO4 berhasil disintesis dengan cara metode green synthesis menggunakan ekstrak daun alpukat (Persea americana) dalam sistem satu fasa. Kandungan ekstrak air daun alpukat adalah alkaloid, saponin dan polifenol. Nanopartikel ZnO, NiWO4, dan ZnO/NiWO4 dikarakterisasi menggunakan spektrofotometer Ultraviolet-Visible Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) dan Scanning Electron Microscopy Energy Disperse X-Ray (SEM-EDX). Hasil karakterisasi UV-Vis DRS, nanopartikel ZnO, NiWO4, dan ZnO/NiWO4 memiliki band gap 3,15 eV, 2,35 eV, dan 3,03 eV. Hasil uji aktivitas fotokatilitiknya menggunakan nanokomposit ZnO/NiWO4 terhadap malasit hijau dibawah iradiasi sinar tampak selama 2 jam memiliki persen degradasi tertinggi dibandingkan dengan NiWO4 dan ZnO. Persen degradasi ZnO/NiWO4, NiWO4, ZnO adalah 96,20%, 79,22%, 48,30%.

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In this research, ZnO, NiWO4, and ZnO/NiWO4 nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by means of green synthesis method using avocado (Persea americana) leaf extract in a single phase system. The secondary metabolites of avocado leaf water extract are alkaloids, saponins and polyphenols. ZnO, NiWO4, and ZnO/NiWO4 nanoparticles were characterized using a spectrophotometer Ultraviolet-Visible Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Scanning Energy Microscopy Electron Disperse X-Ray (SEM-EDX). The results of the photocathylytic activity test using the ZnO/NiWO4 nanocomposite against malachite green under visible light irradiation for 2 hours had the highest degradation percent compared to NiWO4 and ZnO. The degradation percentages of ZnO/NiWO4, NiWO4, ZnO were 96.81%, 79.71%, 51.38%."