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"Economic crisis which happened several years ago has caused many impacts to Indonesia. One of these impacts is a huge amount of government debt. Particularly, the government debt whether from domestic or foreign is one of the instruments to finance government expenditure which can not be fulfilled entirely by revenues from taxes. However, using the government debt to fund the government expenditure has consequences for the government to pay-back not only for the interest rate but also for the principal of debt which have maturity-date in the future.

The purpose of this study is to analyze how far the development of the government debt dynamic from both domestic and _foreign is correlated to _fiscal sustainability. This study uses a case of Indonesia in period 1980-2005 which is divided into three periods: before crisis (1980-1997), crisis (1998-2000), and after crisis (2001-2005). In this study, we use Branson (1992) to analyze the government debt dynamic. In addition, we also use different approaches to have several comparisons in our analysis by Hamilton and Flavia ( 1936), Wilcox (1989), and Trehan and Walsh (1991). Besides that, we also conduct projection of the ratio of government revenue to GDP which is needed to support in decreasing of the ratio of government debt to GDP in tire middle-term until 2010.

In summary, this study shows that after the crisis, the dynamic movement of the government debt is decreasing continuously. Furthermore, the government debt and the primary deficit still stand on the sustainable path, or the right track. Equally important, in the middle-term, the ratio of government revenue to GDP is still needed to maintain in decreasing of the government debt front year to year. Generally, this study shows that fiscal condition in indonesia after the crisis reflects sustainable and suitable to the assumption of Non-Ponzi Game."

"Setiap pemerintah saat ini sedang menghadapi krisis yang semakin besar namun tidak berisik. Pemerintah pusat seperti yang terjadi sekarang, semakin menjadi tidak relevan...."

"Hingga saat ini Indonesia masih menghadapi masalah korupsi atas keuangan negara yang masih tinggi meskipun upaya perbaikan sistem laporan keuangan yang berkualitas sudah diterapkan. Di sisi lain, dengan sistem desentralisasi dan pemilihan langsung atas lembaga legislatif dan eksekutif pemerintahan, divided government akan mendorong terjadinya proses checks and balances yang juga dapat mengurangi korupsi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat peran sistem pelaporan keuangan sebagai bentuk dari good governance dan peran divided government terhadap korupsi. Dengan tidak menggunakan variabel korupsi yang berupa persepsi karena bersifat subjektif dan cenderung bias, studi ini menggunakan data korupsi yang bersifat inkracht sehingga dapat menggambarkan kasus korupsi yang sebenarnya terjadi.Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa good governance dengan indikator opini BPK yang diperoleh pemerintah kabupaten/kota belum bersifat substantif menggambarkan penggunaan keuangan negara. Akibatnya korupsi masih tetap terjadi pada wilayah yang sudah memperoleh opini terbaik. Sedangkan divided government yang seharusnya mendorong adanya checks and balances justru memunculkan ruang untuk negosiasi dan membuat peluang terjadinya korupsi semakin besar. Terlepas dari hal itu, upaya pemberantasan korupsi pada era pertama presiden Jokowi lebih baik dibandingkan periode sebelumnya.

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Indonesia still faces the problem of corruption in the country's finances which are still high even though efforts to improve the quality of the financial report system have been implemented. Furthermore, with a decentralized and direct election system of the legislative and executive institutions, divided government will encourage the process of checks and balances which can reduce corruption. This study aims to investigate the role of financial reporting systems as a representation of good governance and the role of divided government against corruption. Instead of using corruption perception variables which are subjective and susceptible to be biased, this study uses inkracht corruption data that can describe corruption cases that actually occur.

The results of the study show that good governance approached by Audit Board of the Republic of Indonesia (Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan - BPK) opinion indicators obtained by district/city governments have not been substantively describing the use of state finances. As a result, corruption still occurs in the regions even for those which have obtained the best opinion. Whereas divided government, which should encourage checks and balances, promotes situations for negotiations and makes the chances of corruption occurring even greater. Despite on that fact, efforts to eradicate corruption in President Jokowi's first era were better than the previous government."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa pengaruh dari utang pemerintah terhadap tingkat harga dengan menggunakan model autoregressive distributed lag error correction dan menggunakan data triwulanan dari periode 1990 hingga 2011.Teori kebijakan fiskal tentang tingkat harga (FTPL) menyatakan bahwa utang pemerintah berpengaruh positif terhadap tingkat harga. Hasil dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dalam jangka panjang maupun jangka pendek utang domestik pemerintah berperan penting dalam menentukan tingkat harga atau inflasi.

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This study aims to analyse the effect of government debt on inflation in Indonesia using autoregressice lag error correction model based on quarterly data years 1990-2011, The fiscal theory of price level (FTPL) state that government debt has positive effect on inflation. This study result indicate that within a long-term and a short-term period, there was a balance changes in government domestic debt and inflation. The hypothesis that government domestic debt has inflationary impacts cannot be rejected for the 1990-2011 period."

"lndependent state auxiliaries agencies status, may it be as lembaga (state institution), badan (state auxiliary body), or komisi (state commission) on its applications has long been a major problem, especially afar amendment of 1945 Constitution it should be clear whether it is an auxiliary or main institution, and its independency as well that mentioned in the scope of constitution. In constitutional and administrative law reform need to put emphasis on the solution focused that must be viewed as achievable and clarity by constitutional and administrative lawyers. This article focuses on the arising problems regarding position and categorization of state auxiliary or main institution, which have been interpreted roughly within the scope of interpretation of l 945 Constitution (amendment)."

"ABSTRAKSalah satu urusan pemerintahan dalam rangka mewujudkan negara kesejahteraan dan pemenuhan hak atas kesehatan adalah menyelenggarakan pelayanan publik di bidang kesehatan. Urusan pemerintahan bidang kesehatan ini dibagi antara Pemerintah Pusat dan Daerah yang membentuk hubungan antara Pemerintah Pusat dan Daerah. Pada dasarnya, hubungan Pemerintah Pusat dan Daerah berada dalam suatu dinamika antara sentralisasi dan desentralisasi. Sejak berlakunya Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional yang diselenggarakan oleh BPJS Kesehatan pada tahun 2014, terjadi perubahan dalam hubungan Pemerintahan Pusat dan Daerah. Menggunakan studi kepustakaan, penulis menjelaskan mengenai hubungan kewenangan dan keuangan Pemerintah Pusat dan Daerah serta kewenangan Daerah dalam penyelenggaraan JKN.Kesimpulan: Penyelenggaraan JKN oleh BPJS Kesehatan menjadikan hubungan kewenangan dan keuangan Pemerintah Pusat dan Daerah menjadi sangat sentralistik dengan terbatasnya kewenangan yang dimiliki Daerah. Dalam penyelenggaraan JKN, Daerah hanya berwenang dalam menyelenggarakan urusan pemerintahan yang diberikan kepadanya dan tidak turut dalam pembiayaan kesehatan oleh JKN.

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ABSTRACTOne of the government functions in order to realize the welfare state and to fulfill the right to health care is by administering health care public service. In Indonesia, the assignment of government function in health care is divided between a central and local government which then manifest in central and local government relation. Basically, the relation of central and local governments is in the dynamic state between centralization and decentralization. Since National Health Security which managed by Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Kesehatan (BPJS-Kesehatan) is started in 2014, there are significant changes in the relation between central and local government, especially in health care assignment. Using the literature study, the researcher explained the assignment function and fiscal relation between central and local government, and the authority of local government in the National Health Security administration.Conclusion: Administration of National Health Security by BPJS Kesehatan has implication to the assignment function and fiscal relation between the central and local government that become highly centralized. The authority of local government is limited to the specified function and has no rule in health financing by National Health Security."

"This final assignment is observing about government system and institutions relationship in Indonesia, since Soeharto?s era until Reformation era. Its research is focused on presidentialism practice in Indonesia, study case of SBY-JK government (October 2004 ? March 2008). This objective study is based on the theories of presidentialism, democracy, political party, and presidential leadership especially in the third world with qualitative literature approach.Executive and legislative institution in Indonesia, had a dynamic relationship since Soeharto?s era. That situation made a problem in presidentialism practice. Within Soeharto?s power, new order era succeed to make executive heavy on the system. It means, Soeharto controlled the government system and became a centralistic of authority. On the other hand, legislative was powerless. This executive heavy caused dissatisfaction on the accountability, transparency, and mandate for the people. President is voted by legislative but in practical, executive was so powerful. Many people had realized then, if there were a disappointment on the government and political practice for 32 years of Soeharto?s era. After that, General economic distress was happened on 1997 in Indonesia within global monetary crisis. In addition, the government was controlled by corruption, collusion, and nepotism politician. As a result, people pushed the reform in 1998.Reformation 1998, has made a renewal in institutional relationship between executive, legislative, and judicative, especially President - House of Representative. With amendment UUD 1945, liberalization of political parties was occurred, House of Representative?s authority has been empowered, and all of the problems were started to be fixed. In the next four generation of President (B.J. Habibie, Gus Dur, Megawati, SBY), Indonesia had implemented those reform, but still adjusted. Until the election in 2004 and almost 10 years, reformation still has had a problem in presidentialism practice.The election in 2004 (within separated election and multiparty) was the new era for President who would be more powerful because of the direct election, but on the contrary, the combination between presidentialism and multiparty was a complicated combination. President faced with coalition party, minority president, and cohabitation in executive leadership. The fact, SBY-JK controls the government with weak management/policy and leadership of SBY-JK inside. So that, many problems which are faced by the government cannot be solved effectively/efficiently, at least during this research is being done."

"This study is motivated by two purposes, first of all it is to observe various analysis of accountability intended to public sector of government and business, while expert's analysis of civil society including non government organization (NGO) is rare. Secondly , to observe the increasing demand of accountability to civil society, in particularly NGO. This study is intended to discuss how the local NGO accountability , YLPMD of Lampung in the perspectives of governance, based on reviewing literature and documentation. This study viewed YLPMD from perspectives of administrative accountability and political accountability."