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"ABSTRAKTesis ini membahas kohesi, koherensi, dan alur wacana argumentasi pada teks hasilmenulis berstimulus teks dan hasil menulis berstimulus nonteks yang dibuat olehmahasiswa semester VI Program Studi Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia, Universitas SultanAgeng Tirtayasa. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif yang memberikan perhatianpada bentuk dan makna teks dengan menggunakan pendekatan analisis wacana. Hasilpenelitian ini menyarankan bahwa mahasiswa perlu diberi banyak latihan menulisdalam berbagai jenis wacana dan dengan berbagai stimulus dan topik agarkemampuan menulisnya meningkat.

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Abstract This thesis deals specifically with cohesions, coherence and the flow of argumentationdiscourse on a text resulted from a text-writing work and writing output stimulated bynontext materials written by sixth semester student at Indonesians Language andLiterature Program at Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University. This research is a qualitativeresearch which focuses on a form of texts and their meanings using a discourse analysisapproach. The result of this research suggests that college students need to be given a lotof writing practices using various discourse stimuli and topics in order to improve theirwriting ability."

"Kalimat perintah larangan dalam wacana pada poster-poster larangan membeli minuman beralkohol bagi orang-orang di bawah 18 tahun di Belanda rata-rata memiliki bentuk yang berbeda dari kalimat perintah larangan pada umumnya yaitu tidak diawali kata "jangan" atau "tidak boleh" dan tidak diakhiri dengan tanda seru. Poster-poster larangan tersebut pun memiliki tujuan khusus yaitu untuk melarang orang-orang di bawah umur 18 tahun untuk meminum ataupun membeli alkohol sesuai dengan peraturan pemerintah Belanda yang dikeluarkan per tanggal 1 Januari 2014. Masalah yang diteliti dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana kepaduan wacana terbentuk pada poster-poster larangan membeli minuman beralkohol bagi yang berusia di bawah 18 tahun. Poster-poster dalam penelitian ini diambil dari website google.nl dengan kata kunci alcoholverbod onder 18. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa wacana pada tujuh poster larangan membeli minuman beralkohol bagi yang berusia di bawah 18 tahun di Belanda menjadi padu karena adanya peran dari alat pemarkah kohesi (kohesi leksikal dan gramatikal) dan koherensi (tempat dan tujuan) di dalam tujuh poster larangan tersebut.

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In the discourse of Dutch posters forbidding alcoholic beverages consumption for people under 18 years old, the imperative sentences stated are mostly different from the common imperative sentences. The sentences in most posters do not use imperatives such as "do not" ("jangan" in Bahasa Indonesia) or "must not" ("tidak boleh" in Bahasa Indonesia), and the sentences do not end with a exclamation mark. These posters have specific purpose that is to forbid people under 18 years old to consume or purchase alcoholic beverages in accordance with the Netherlands Government Regulation issued on January 1st, 2014. The problem that will be discussed in this thesis is how the cohesion of discourses in posters prohibiting people under 18 from purchasing alcoholic beverages is formed. The posters, which will be the focused of my research, is taken from google.nl website with the keyword alcoholverbod onder 18. The research result shows that the discourses of Dutch poster forbidding alcoholic beverages consumption for people under 18 years old are coherent due to cohesion markers (lexical and grammatical) and coherence markers (place and purpose)."

"Penelitian ini mempelajari mengenai bagaimana karakteristik ragam bahasa yang terdapat dalam diskusi di tiga thread forum online "Das Kinder- und Jugendforum" berdasarkan teori ragam bahasa lisan dan tulis, bahasa komunikasi di internet, dan koherensi teks. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif dan dengan teknik deskriptif-analitis. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan penemuan tiga karakteristik yang ada pada ragam bahasa lisan, tulis, laras bahasa dalam komunikasi di internet, serta menunjukkan bahwa teks berupa percakapan diskusi dalam forum online ini memenuhi syarat koherensi teks. Meskipun ditemukan penyimpangan koherensi tematik, namun komunikasi masih dapat berjalan lancar.This research analyzes the characteristics of language variation found in three threads of the online forum discussion "Das Kinder- und Jugendforum" based on the three theories, which are: spoken and written language, The chatting‟s language in the internet, and text coherence. The research is conducted by using qualitative method combined with analytical descriptive technique. The result of this research shows that there are combinations of language variations used in spoken, written, and internet chatting. It also shows that the text, in form of discussion conversation in this online forum, fulfil the requirement of text coherence. Moreover, even though divergence of thematic coherence are found, communication still works well because the divergence is a form of theme expansion."

"Gender merupakan salah satu topik atau kajian yang menarik untuk dibahas dan diteliti. Hal ini terbukti dengan banyaknya penelitian terdahulu yang mengkaji topik mengenai gender, mulai dari gender yang dikaitkan dengan karya sastra sampai pada pembahasan gender yang dikaitkan dengan bahasa. Dalam penelitian ini, gender akan diteliti hubungannya dengan penggunaan bahasa tulis (narasi). Bahasa tulis atau narasi yang akan di kaji lebih dikhususkan pada penggunaan kohesi gramatikal antara remaja laki-laki dan perempuan dalam bernarasi. Penelitian yang dilakukan ini bertujuan untuk melihat bagaimana penggunaan bahasa khususnya penggunaan kohesi gramatikal antara remaja lakilaki dan perempuan, serta melihat apakah ada perbedaan dalam penggunaan kohesi gramatikal antara kedua kategori responden. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian lapangan. Responden dalam penelitian ini adalah remaja berusia 15-17 tahun yang duduk di bangku sekolah menegah atas. Sumber data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah tulisan atau narasi yang dibuat oleh responden. Ada sekitar 43 narasi yang menjadi data dalam penelitian ini. Hasil atau kesimpulan yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah terdapat perbedaan penggunaan kohesi gramatikal (khususnya perbedaan dalam jumlah rerata) dalam narasi milik responden laki-laki dan perempuan. Kohesi gramatikal dalam narasi milik responden perempuan cenderung lebih banyak ditemukan dibandingkan kohesi gramatikal dalam narasi milik responden laki-laki. Namun, perbedaan jumlah rerata yang terjadi ini tidak menunjukkan angka perbedaan yang besar. Jadi dapat dinyatakan bahwa perbedaan penggunaan kohesi antara responden laki-laki dan responden perempuan dalam penelitian ini tidak signifikan.

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Gender is one of the topics or study that interest to be discussed and researched. This is evidenced by the many previous studies that already examine the topic of gender, ranging from gender are associated with literature until topics of gender that is associated with language. In this research, gender will be examined based on relation with use of written language (narrative). Written language or narrative that will be examined more specifically in the use of grammatical cohesion between boys and girls in make a narrative. This research aims to see how the use of language, especially the use of grammatical cohesion between boys and girls, and see whether there are differences in the use of grammatical cohesion between the two categories of respondents.

In this research, method that used is field research. Respondents in this study were adolescents aged 15-17 years old in level senior high schools. The resource that used in this research is the text or narration made by the respondent. There are about 43 narrative that becomes the data in this researches. Results or conclusions obtained from this research is there are differences in the use of grammatical cohesion (especially the difference in the average) in the narration of the respondents belong to men and women. Grammatical cohesion in the narration belongs female respondents tend to be more easy to found than grammatical cohesion in the narration belongs to male respondents. However, differences in the mean number that happen does not show a large difference figures. So, it can be stated that the differences in the use of cohesion among male respondents and female respondents in this research is not significant."

"There are several kinds of language that using in newspaper. Its depend on the character of informations. According to Hoed (1976a), the various of languages in newspaper base on the ideas of sociolinguistics field that regarded language in reality is not monolitic, but consist of several variations. One of the inner problem in Indonesian mass media and become the focus of this research is the cohession. The goals of this research, which the tittle is "Kohesi dalam Bahasa Indonesia: Kajian Atas Teks Tajuk Rencana Lima Surat Kabar Harlan di Jakarta", is to describe the editorial cohession (tajuk rencana) in Indonesian daily newspapers. Through this research, I hope that I am be able to describe (i) cohession mecanism as the tie of propositions in editorial discourse; (ii) language units which's used as cohession marker in editorial text; and (iii) the kinds of cohession marker which's frequently used in editorial text and their causal factors. This research use Halliday and Hasan theory (1979) which combined with Cruse theory (1986). In this research I found that the same cohession is not always using in editorial text eventhough in the same newspaper. But, it's an unabsolutely using the all cohesion marker in editorial. The result of the research show that there is a tendency in using cohession marker which depend on the "topic" of the news. The language units that places as cohession marker in editorial are ia, dia, mereka, -nya, itu, ini, ini, itu, begini, and di sini; conjunction sejak, karenanya, tetapi, akan tetapi, namun, semen tare itu, clan, ketimbang, bahwa, sebab, sehingga, meskipun; and OIeh karena itu. And, I also found the using of noun, noun phrase, verb, verb phrase, and clause in the editorial. Through the comprehensive analysis of the six topic of editorial, which represented by one every topic, this research found 254 cohession marker, both gramatical or lexical. The lexical cohession marker repetition is the most frequently use, i.e. 117 (45.9%). Then the reference 53 {21.1%), collocation 28 (11%), conjunctive relation 20 (7.8%), substitution 8 (3.1%), ellipsis 8 (3.1%), paronymy 7 (2.8%), synonymy 6 (2.4%), hyponymy 5 (2%), and meronymy 2 (0.8%)."

"ABSTRAKTelaah ini memiliki dua tujuan pokok. Tujuan pertama adalah untuk menyelidiki sejauh mana eksistensi pemarkah kohesi dalam teks bacaan dalam buku English for the Senior High School, yang diterbitkan oleh Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan pada tahun 1996, mempengaruhi pemahaman peserta didik. Tujuan kedua adalah untuk mengetahui jenis pemarkah kohesi apa raja yang dominan muncul dalam teks bacaan yang diteliti.Metode yang diterapkan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kuantitatif yang memanfaatkan teknik kalkulasi t-test, koefisien korelasi Pearson, dan analisis persentase, dengan 40 siswa kelas 2 SMU tahun ajaran 1998/1999 sebagai sampel. Para siswa tersebut berasal dari SMU Negeri 38, Jakarta Selatan. Data dikumpulkan melalui tes isi rumpang (TIR) dan tes tanya jawab (TTJ).Ada dua penemuan pokok dalam penelitian ini. Pertama, rekognisi pemarkah kohesif cenderung berperan penting dalam keterpahaman teks. Hasil eksperimen menunjukkan bahwa pemberian input tentang rekognisi pemarkah kohesif kepada kelompok eksperimental cenderung meningkatkan prestasi kelompok ini jika dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol yang tidak diberikan input. Kedua, berdasarkan tingkat frekuensi kemunculan pemarkah kohesi dalam empat teks eksposisi yang dianalisis, pemarkah kohesi leksikal cenderung memiliki persentase tinggi, yakni 60,61 %. Urutan kedua setelah kohesi leksikal ialah acuan, yakni 28,28%. Urutan ketiga ialah konjungsi, yakni 8,08%. Urutan keempat ialah elipsis, yakni 3,03%, sedangkan urutan terakhir ialah substitusi, yakni 0%.Berdasarkan analisis peranan rantai kohesi dalam keterpahaman teks, rantai kohesi dapat dijadikan alat untuk membantu peserta didik memahami teks bacaan eksposisi dengan lebih efisien. Dengan perkataan lain, pemarkah kohesi berperan penting dalam peningkatan keterpahaman teks jika digunakan sebagai alat penuntun. peserta didik dalam menentukan pikiran utama dalam bagian teks.

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ABSTRACT

This study has two objectives. First, it aims at seeking how far the existence of cohesive markers in the reading texts in " English for Senior High School ", published by the Department of Education and Culture ini 1996, influences the student's comprehension. Second, it aims at searching what categories of cohesive markers which dominantly occur in the reading texts observed.

The method applied in this research is a quantitative one, making use of the t-test, the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient, and the percentage analysis, with 40 second-year students of a Senior High School in the academic year 1998/1999 as the sample. The students are taken from a State Senior High School (SMU Negeri), Jakarta Selatan. The data are collected through the cloze test and the comprehension question test.

There are two main findings in this research. Firstly, the recognition of cohesive markers tends to play an important role in the text comprehensibility. The result of the experiment showed that presenting input on the recognition of cohesive markers to the experimental group tended to improve their performance in both tests compared to the control group who are not given the input.

Secondly, based on the frequency of occurrence of cohesive markers in four of the analyzed expository texts, lexical cohesive markers tended to occur most frequently, i.e. 60.61%. Reference comes the second, i.e. 28.28%. Conjunction comes the third, i.e. 8.08%. Ellipsis comes the fourth, i.e. 3.03%, while substitution comes the last, i.e. 0%.

Based on the analysis of the roles of the cohesive chains in the text comprehensibility, the cohesive chains can be utilized to help the students to comprehend the expository reading texts more efficiently. In other words, the cohesive markers play an important role in improving the text comprehensibility if they are utilized to guide the students in determining the main ideas in a passage."

"A discourse generally consists of a number of sentences. In this case one sentence and another sentence should be related to each other. The relations among them can be identified through the components connecting those sentences, which are called cohesive devices.

This research aims at describing cohesion in Javanese discourses, especially concerning the grammatical and lexical cohesive devices. Also, the cohesive ties among their components in various discourses are examined.

The theory for this analysis is based on Halliday and Hasan's Cohesion in English (1979) and Language, Context and Text (1985). The theory is chosen since it is relevant to the subject and is also by far the most comprehensive.

The data for this research is taken from various sources so that it is expected to represent the real uses of Javanese. The data is collected through the observation method, that is, by using the techniques of recording and noting on the data cards. Then, the data are analyzed by a distributional method.

In this research, a great variety of grammatical cohesive devices, lexical cohesive devices, and even cohesive ties are found. There are four types of grammatical cohesive devices, i.e. reference, substitution, ellipsis, and con-junction; and six types of lexical cohesion, viz, repetition, synonymy, antonymy, hyponymy, meronymy, and collocation. For the group of the grammatical cohesions, some types of reference, covering personal pronouns, demonstrative pronouns, and reference by definite markers are obtained; substitution comprises noun and clause substitution; ellipsis covers noun, verb, and clause ellipsis; while the con-junctions are indicated by some marks of conjunctive relations. Besides, the semantic conjunctive ties are analyzed, comprising additive, adversative, causal, temporal, conditional, alternative, conclusive, validity and intensity. For the group of lexical cohesion, the types of repetition are shown by complete repetition, modified repetition, partial repetition, and additional repetition; synonymy is marked by the linguistic unit with similar or the same meaning; antonymy is realized through the lingual unit with binary, polar, relational and multiple taxonomic antonymy; hyponymy is constructed by superordinate-hyponym, hyponymsuperordinate and co-hyponym relations; meronymy is organized by holonym-meronym, meronym-holonym, and co-meronym, while collocation can be identified through noun and verb collocations. From the analysis of the cohesive ties, the cohesive devices used in one type of discourse and another type vary respectively, whereas the distance between the constituents is dominated by the immediate ties."