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"Esensi Demokrasi adalah kebebasan berbicara dan partisipasi masyarakat dalam setiap kebijakan publik. Aspirasi masyarakat sebagai figur sentral demokrasi harus diserap oleh Negara dalam proses pembentukan undang-undang. Karakter responsif pada proses pembentukan undang-undang belum dapat diwujudkan di Indonesia karena partisipasi masyarakat belum dapat dilaksanakan secara maksimal dan lebih dari itu kompromi-kompromi politik masih ada. Lebih dari pada itu, karakter responsif pada proses pembentukan undang-undang tidak hanya bergantung pada konfigurasi politik yang demokratis namun membutuhkan partisipasi masyarakat secara intensif dan luas. Sama seperti undang-undang sebelumnya, yaitu Undang-undang nomor 8 tahun 1985 tentang Organisasi Kemasyarakatan, Undang-undang No.17 tahun 2013 tentang Organisasi Kemasyarakatan masih mempunyai sifat yang represif dan ortodok karena Undang-undang No.17 tahun 2013 tentang Organisasi Kemasyarakatan belum mengedepankan karakter responsif yang menampung dan menyerap aspirasi masyarakat dalam proses pembentukannya walaupun proses pembentukan undang-undang tersebut telah memenuhi standar ketentuan partisipasi masyarakat.

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The essence of Democracy is freedom of speech and public participation in any public policy. As the central figure of democracy, the aspiration of citizen shall be absorbed by the country ragarding in law making process. The responsive character in law making process could not yet be fully implemented in Indonesia due to public participation has not been fully performed and the existence of political compromises. Moreover, the responsive character in law making process shall not only depend on democratic political configuration but also intensively and widely public participation. Same as the previous law, which is Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 8 of 1985 on Community Organization, Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 17 of 2013 on Community Organization still has repressive and orthodox characteristic due to it does not put the priority on the responsive character by accomodating and absorbing the public's aspiration on its law making process despite of the law making process on Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 17 of 2013 on Community Organization has already complied with the standard requirement of public participation."

"According to 1945 Constitution amended during the General Assembly of the People Consultative Assembly in 1999, the House of Representatives as Legislative Institution has an important role. This has been proved by a shift of authority on drafting from the President to the House of Representatives on its legislation initiative. The shift related to the role and authority of the House on legislation is stipulated on Section 5 article (1) and Section 20 article (1) of 1945 Constitution. From the time when the 1999 -- 2004 House of Representatives was inaugurated on 1 October 1999, this reform era of the House of Representatives was considered as having a better performance on legislation compare with previous eras of the House of Representatives. The achievement of the House of Representatives during this period can be seen from the quantity and quality aspects. From quantity aspect, since October 1999 to June 2004 there had been a number of laws, while from the quality aspect it can be said that it was better than the previous periods. However, it is realized that the quality of the laws during this period was being challenge by the people. Even from the very beginning during the publication the draft, there had been critics from the people related to the draft.This thesis discusses about the implementation of legislative function as one main function of the House of Representatives. This thesis tries to explain to what extend the House of Representatives functioning as one indicator of democracy process. The main question of this thesis is trying to describe the conversion process that is how an input to the House of Representatives in form of initiative draft is being process as an output that is the law. The theory used here is David Easton system theory and Interest Group theory from Gabriel A. Almond, and Montesquieu's threefold division of political authority.This research uses qualitative research method with data gathering technique through in-depth interview and library study. The problem is being analyzed using a comprehensive integral approach, while the mechanism of the discussion is open, and the decision made based on discussion to reach an agreement.The research result shows that during conversion process, inputs from the society and interest groups were promptly articulated, categorized and unified, and then processed to become a draft of initiative of the House of Representatives. In some cases, there were also some initiative drafts of the House of Representatives after a joint discussion with the government that were never been approved by the President."

"On legislative power in Indonesia after amendment to the Indonesian 1945 Constitution."

"Konsekuensi dari negara hukum demokratis yakni adanya partisipasi publik dalam penyelenggaraan negara salah satunya proses pembentukan undang-undang. Namun yang terjadi di Indonesia, partisipasi publik dalam pembentukan undang-undang di Indonesia lebih bersifat formalitas semata. Permasalahan yang dikaji adalah sejauh mana partisipasi publik dalam pembentukan undang-undang, kemudian bagaimana upaya untuk memperkuat partisipasi publik yang substantif dalam pembentukan undang-undang. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Yuridis Normatif dengan model pendekatan undang-undang, pendekatan sejarah, pendekatan konseptual dan pendekatan perbandingan. Tulisan ini memberikan gambaran bagaimana akibat dari minimnya partisipasi publik dalam pembentukan undang-undang yakni korupsi legislasi dan Judicial Review, dan seharusnya posisi partisipasi publik dalam proses pembentukan undang-undang serta upaya memperkuatnya

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The consequence of a democratic rule of law is public participation in state administration, one of which is the process of forming laws. However, what happened in Indonesia, public participation in the formation of laws in Indonesia is more of a formality. The problem discussed is how far public participation in the formation of laws, then how are efforts to strengthen substantive public participation in the formation of laws. The research method used is juridical normative with a statute approach model, a historical approach, a conceptual approach and a comparative approach. This research provides the consequences of the minimal public participation in the formation of laws, which one is corruption of legislation and Judicial Review, and the position of public participation in the process of forming laws must be and efforts to strengthen them."

"Dalam proses penyebarluasan dan partisipasi masyarakat, belum benar-benar melibatkan Penyandang Disabilitas. Hal ini terkait pembuatan Peraturan Perundang-Undangan yang mencakup tahapan perencanaan, penyusunan, pembahasan, pengesahan atau penetapan, dan pengundangan sebagaimana diatur dalam Undang-Undang No. 12 Tahun 2011. Pengesahan UU Nomor 11 Tahun 2020 tentang Cipta Kerja menuai pro dan kontra. Kritik terhadap Undang-Undang ini menyasar pada aspek formil dan materiil. Selain soal substansi yang kontroversial dan penggunaan perspektif yang tidak seimbang dalam memandang permasalahan dan merumuskan solusi, minimnya pelibatan publik, terkhusus golongan masyarakat Penyandang Disabilitas juga menjadi sasaran kritik atas proses pembentukan Undang-Undang ini. Proses penyebarluasan dan keikutsertaan partisipasi masyarakat seharusnya merata kepada setiap kelompok, termasuk kelompok Penyandang Disabilitas di dalamnya. Hal ini dikarenakan, sesuai dengan amanat Undang-Undang No. 12 Tahun 2011 tentang Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-Undangan dan penerapan prinsip-prinsip Convention on the Rights of Person with Disabilities, berbicara mengenai pemenuhan hak-hak Penyandang Disabilitas dalam proses penyebarluasan dan partisipasi masyarakat pembentukan Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2020 tentang Cipta Kerja. Konvensi ini sendiri merupakan konvensi yang memuat kedaulatan atas penyandang disabilitas guna menunjukkan kesunggukan atas perlindungan terhadap hak mereka, memastikan semua penyandang disabilitas dapat menikmati semua hak dasar manusia dan kebebasan yang fundamental.

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Regarding the dissemination and public participation process, Persons with Disabilities have not been involved. It is related to the making of Legislation, which includes the stages of planning, preparation, discussion, ratification or stipulation, and promulgation as stipulated in Law No. 12 of 2011. The ratification of Law Number 11 of 2020 on Job Creation has drawn pros and cons. Criticism of this law targets the formal and material aspects. Apart from the controversial substance and the use of unbalanced perspectives in looking at problems and formulating solutions, the lack of public involvement, especially for people with disabilities, has also become a target of criticism for forming this Law. The process of dissemination and participation of public participation should be evenly distributed to every group, including people with disabilities. It is because, under the mandate of Law No. 12 of 201 concerning the Formation of Legislation and the application of the principles of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, it talks about the fulfillment of the rights of Persons with Disabilities in the process of dissemination and public participation in the formation of Law No. 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation. This convention contains sovereignty over persons with disabilities to show seriousness about protecting their rights, ensuring that all persons with disabilities can enjoy all basic human rights and fundamental freedoms."

"Upaya pemerintah menarik modal asing maupun dalam negeri, guna percepatan pembangunan dengan diusulkannya RUU Penanaman Modal pada tanggal 21 Maret 2006 kepada DPR untuk dibahas agar menjadi UU Penanaman Modal sebagai pedoman dalam berinvestasi. Namun RUU Penanaman Modal yang diusulkan pemerintah dinilai banyak pihak terlalu berhaluan liberalis sehingga banyak mendapat penolakan dari kalangan akademisi, praktisi, politisi maupun dari masyarakat namun. Fraksi DPR menilai pembahasan RUU Penanaman Modal harus tetap pada prinsip bahwa investasi harus melahirkan multiplier investasi karena dukungan kebijakan. Di sinilah tantangan terbesar RUU Penanaman Modal. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui: (1). Pengaruh ideologi dan identitas terhadap pembuatan kebijakan khususnya dalam proses pembuatan Undang-Undang Penanaman Modal tahun 2007; (2). Pengaruh kepentingan kekuasaan dan kepentingan publik dalam proses pembuatan kebijakan Undang-Undang Penanaman Modal. Untuk mendapatkan penjelasan kedua faktor tersebut metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendalaman terhadap kontestasi ideologis dalam pembahasan RUU Penanaman Modal dengan wawancara secara mendalam terhadap pelaku pembuat kebijakan di parlemen dengan nara sumber pihak-pihak yang terlibat langsung dari pemerintah, akademisi, ketua fraksi maupun anggota fraksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemerintah menggunakan prinsip liberal karena konteks pada saat undang-undang ini diajukan mengharuskan sebuah tatanan regulasi yang terbuka, efisien dan menyuguhkan berbagai insentif. Indonesia berada dalam posisi menarik modal asing dan bukan menolak. Banyak pasal yang diusulkan oleh pemerintah dirombak secara total di DPR karena dinilai terlalu liberal. Hal ini untuk kesinambungan bahwa tidak hanya mempromosikan hak-hak penanam modal tetapi juga fungsi, kewajiban dan tanggung jawab penanam modal juga menjadi perhatian. Fraksi-fraksi di DPR lebih memperlihatkan upaya kontrol terhadap RUU yang diajukan pemerintah agar tidak terlalu kebablasan. Dinamika pembahasan RUU PM menjadi bahasan yang sangat menarik antara paham Nasionalis dan Liberalis meskipun di akhir bahasan liberalis menjadi pemenang. Pihak nasionalis menyatakan sudah memasukkan koridor-koridor yang dapat mengontrol jalannya penanaman modal di dalam pasal-pasal UU Penanaman Modal N0 25 Tahun 2007.

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The Government aimed to attract foreign capital and domestic capital in order to accelerate the development with suggessed investment bill by the government on March 21st 2006 to the Parliament to be discussed in order of issue Investment Bill as a guide to investing. However, the proposed Bill were then assessed by parties who are not entirely liberals, with many resistance from academics, practitioners, and the public. The principle that investmens should generate investment multiplier with policy support. This is the biggest challenge of Investment Bill.

This study is written to explain : (1). The effect of ideology and identity on policy-making, especially during the deliberation process of Investment Act in 2007; (2). The effect of power motivation and public interests on the policy making process of Investment Bill. In order to do so, this study elaborates ideological contestation in the discussion of Investment Bill with depth interviews with the policy makers in parliament and the government, academia, chairman of the faction and the faction members.

The study shows that the government proposed the liberal principle because the economic context at the time requires a regulatory structure that is open, efficient and offering various incentives. Indonesia was in need of foreign capital and not to refuse. Many clauses of the proposed bill were reformed totally in the Parliament because they were considered too liberal. The Parliament emphasized that the bill should not only promote the rights of investors but also functions, duties and responsibilities of Investors.

The paties behavior in the Parliament shows its control function over the bill proposed by the government so that it will not too excessively liberal and give away too much power to the market. The politics of the dliberation of the Investment bill between the Nationalists and Liberals were very interesting, even though at the end of the discussion liberals won. nationalist parties claimed that they already incorporate corridors that can control the investment in the articles of the Investment Law No. 25 of 2007."

"Perubahan konstitusi yang menekankan pada legislative heavy berada ditangan DPR RI menempatkan posisi DPR RI sebagai pemegang kekuasaan membentuk Undang-Undang, yang sebelumnya berada di tangan Presiden. Perubahan tersebut juga di imbangi dengan perubahan stuktur organ kenegaraan (lemabaga negara) Republik Indonesia pada lembaga yudikatif yaitu dengan dibentuknya lembaga baru Mahkamah Konstitusi yang mempunyai fungsi control terhadap DPR RI dalam menjalankan kekuasaan legislatifnya Dalam proses penaganan pengujian undang undang, peran Sekretariat Jenderal DPR RI sebagai unsur pendukung keahlian dan administrasi terhadap Dewan, yang juga merupakan aparatur pemerintah menjadi sangat penting dan sebagai bagian dari aparatur pemerintah wajib mewujudkan good governance dalam memberikan pelayanaan terhadap dewan yang merupakan cerminan dari rakyat Indonesia. Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana peran Sekretariat Jenderal DPR RI dalam memberikan dukungan kepada DPR RI dalam pengujian Undang Undang terhadap Undang Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia 1945, Apakah kendala-kendala yang dihadapi dalam pengujian Undang Undang terhadap UUD 1945. Hasil yang diharapkan dari penelitian ini adalah memperoleh gambaran secara menyeluruh mengenai peran Sekretariat Jenderal DPR RI dalam memberikan dukungan kepada DPR RI khususnya dalam penanganan pengujian undang undang terhadap UUD 1945. Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa tugas dari Sekretariat Jenderal DPR RI dalam menyelenggarakan dukungan administratif dan keahlian kepada DPR RI dalam penanganan perkara pengujian undang terhadap UUD 1945 belum dapat dilaksanakan secara optimal. Hal ini tergambar dalam pelaksanakan tugas penyiapan keterangan DPR RI yang dilakukan oleh Bagian Hukum. Salah satu penyebabnya adalah beban tugas unit kerja Bagian Hukum terlalu banyak, sumber daya manusia sebagai pendukung administratif dan keahlihan sangat terbatas. Tim Asistensi dan tim pengolah data yang bersifat ad hoc yang dibentuk untuk menangani penyiapan keterangan DPR RI tidak optimal karena, belum ada mekanisme kerja yang jelas. Penulisan tesis ini menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif yaitu penelitian yang dilakukan dengan cara meneliti data sekunder atau bahan pustaka dan pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan perundang-undangan (statue approach).

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The 1945 constitution's reform emphasizes the heavy of legislative power and function in the hands of the Parliament as the law maker. Such power and function had previously been in the hands of the Government. The constitution reform contributes to the changes in the structure of the state organs of the Republic of Indonesia on the judiciary power by the creation of new institution, as called the Constitutional Court which has the function to control the House of Representatives in carrying out its legislative power. The role of the Secretariat General of the House of Representatives as an element of expertise and administrative support to the Council, which is also the government apparatus becomes very important as part of government officials in providing a good governance basis in giving supports and services toward the council which is a reflection of the people of Indonesia.

Problem in this study is to what extend the role of the Secretariat General of the House of Representatives in providing support to the House of Representatives in the judicial review process. What are the constraints faced in the judicial review process. The expected outcome of this research is to obtain a thorough picture of the role of the Secretariat General of the House of Representatives in providing support to the Parliament, especially in the handling of the judicial review process in the Constitutional Court.

The results can be concluded that the task of the Secretariat General of the House of Representatives in carrying out administrative support and expertise to the House of Representatives in judicial review process cannot be implemented optimally. The study shows that the Secretariat General Organs, as called the legal division, cannot work optimally in preparing the DPR's statement. The reason is that the legal division has too much tasks to do while the human resources and administrative support is very limited.

The supporting team that temporarily formed as an 'ad hoc' team dealing with the preparation of testimony for the House of Representatives was not working optimally either; due to unclear mechanisms and lack of standard of operational procedure in supporting the Parliament task in front of the Constitutional Court. The thesis uses the method of juridical normative research. The research is done by examining secondary data or library materials and analyzing in term of the legislative approach (statue approach)."

"ABSTRAKGerakan reformasi 1998 telah melahirkan tuntutan demokratisasi dalam bentuk pemberdayaan rakyat di berbagai aspek kehidupan kenegaraan. Pembentukan UU sebagai bagian dari mengatur negara, dituntut pula adanya transparansi, partisipasi dan akuntabilitas. Hal ini akan melahirkan produk UU yang demokratis dan berguna bagi penataan negara menuju texwujudnya good governance dengan UUD 1945 sebagai landasan konstitusionalnya. Dalam penelitian ini diajukan satu masalah pokok yaitu : bagaimana partisipasi masyarakat dalam proses pembentukan UU di era reformasi ?? Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan sosiologi hukum khususnya sosiologi perundang-undangan.Kerangka teori yang dibangun untuk pcmecahan masalah pokok tersebut adalah mengacu pada teori demokrasi dan teori pembentukan UU. Perrama, teori demokrasi harus dipahami bahwa lernbaga perwakilan dalam mengambil keputusan yang bertalian dengan state policy berupa pembentukan UU harus membuka bagi adanya akses publik untuk ikut berpartisipasi dalam proses pembentukannya Kedua. teori pembentukan UU harus diletakkan dalam konteks sosial masyarakat yang menampung konflik nilai dan kepentingan di masyarakat yang akan diputus oleh lembaga legislatif.Dalam penelitian yang dilakukan terhadap tiga UU yaitu UU Sisclilmas, UU Pemilu dan UU Keténagakerjaan ditemukan adanya berbagai hal sbb. : Pertama, proses pembentukan UU di era reformasi memperlihatkan telah terjadi perubahan baik dilihat dari aspck kelembagaan DPR, aspek kepentingan masyarakat, aspek pengaturannya dan aspek pembahasan RUU. Kedua, partisipasi masyarakat dalam proses pembentukan UU dapat diidentifikasi dalam pelaku partisipasi, bcntuk partisipasi, cara partisipasi, materi partisipasi, penyerapan panisipasi dan tahap-tahap partisipasi dalam pembentukan UU.Ketiga, partisipasi masyarakat yang dilakukan terhadap proses pembentukan tiga UU yang diteliti, dapat mewamai dalam berbagai proses pembahasan pembentukan UU, sehingga produk UU yang dihasilkannya mendekati rasa kea/dilan, kepatuhan dan kepastian hukum masyarakat. Keempat, proses pembcntukan UU di era reformasi telah membuka akses publik dan melibatkan berbagai kekuatan politik dalam masyarakat. Hal ini pada dasamya rnempakan langkah ideal dalam proses pembentukan UU di era reformasi, dan dari sudut pandang sosiologi penmdang-undangan, UU merupakan endapan konflik nilai dan kepentingan yang secara politis diformulasikan dalam aturan hukum oleh lembaga legislatifi Akan tetapi, semua kondisi dalam proses pembentukan UU di era reformasi tersebut Blum disertai dengan perangkat peraturan perundang- undangan yang memadai.Atas dasar uraian di atas, maka perlu dilakukan perubahan terhadap UU No. 10 Tahun 2004 tentang Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-undangan khususnya yang berkaitan dengan pengaturan partisipasi masyarakat, Dengan demikian, akan terdapat dasar pijakan peraturan yang memadai guna memperkuat pemberdayaan rakyat melakukan partisipasi dalam proses pembemukan UU.

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Abstract

Reformation movement in 1998 has brought demand for democratization in the form of the people empowerment in various aspects of state activities. Law-making is a part of regulating state, is also demanded to transparency, particmation and accountable. This will create legisaltion products that democratic and benefit for arrangement of state to bring into good governance with the 1945 Constitution as basic constitutional. In this rearch , I will examine one main problem : how public participation in legislative process? This rearch employs a sociological perspective, especially socioloy of legislation.

Theoritical framework formulated to solve the main problem is to base on democratic theory and law-making theory. Firstly, the democratic theory must be understood that constitutional bodies involved in the process of law making in taking decision related to state policy in law-making must be open to public access to participate. Secondly, the law-making theory must be put in the social context that accommodates conflicts of value and interest in society that will be decided by legislative institution.

The research focuses on three leislations, t.e. Act on National Education System, Act on General Elections, and Act of Labor and the result shows as follos : First, the law-making process in the reformation era has occurred changes in saveral aspects, such as representative institution, public interest, regulatory and law-making process.

Second public participation in the law-making process can identfed in several matters, such as people who participate, form of participation, method of participation. subject matter of participation, absord of participation. and stages of part icipation. Third public participation conducted in law -making process of the three Acts can affect in various law making process. Therefore, it is expected that legislotions enacted close to justice, compliance and legal certainty for society. For, lar making-process in the reformation era has opened public access and involved various political forces and society. This is basically an ideal step in law-making process in the reformation era and viewed from sociology of legislation. act is accumulation conflicts of value and interests which is politicalbrformulated in regulation by legislative body. However, all circumstances in the law-making process have not been equmped by a set of legislation sufficiently.

Hence, it is necessary to amend Act No. l 0 Year 200-I on Legislation Making Process, especially related to public participation. This amendement is expected to become a srjjicient basic regulatory for strengthening public participation in law-making process."

"ABSTRAKGerakan reformasi 1998 telah melahirkan tuntutan demokratisasi dalam bentuk pemberdayaan rakyat di berbagai aspek kehidupan kenegaraan. Pembentukan UU sebagai bagian dari mengatur negara, dituntut pula adanya transparansi, partisipasi dan akuntabilitas. Hal ini akan melahirkan produk UU yang demokratis dan berguna bagi penataan negara menuju texwujudnya good governance dengan UUD 1945 sebagai landasan konstitusionalnya. Dalam penelitian ini diajukan satu masalah pokok yaitu : bagaimana partisipasi masyarakat dalam proses pembentukan UU di era reformasi ?? Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan sosiologi hukum khususnya sosiologi perundang-undangan.Kerangka teori yang dibangun untuk pcmecahan masalah pokok tersebut adalah mengacu pada teori demokrasi dan teori pembentukan UU. Perrama, teori demokrasi harus dipahami bahwa lernbaga perwakilan dalam mengambil keputusan yang bertalian dengan state policy berupa pembentukan UU harus membuka bagi adanya akses publik untuk ikut berpartisipasi dalam proses pembentukannya Kedua. teori pembentukan UU harus diletakkan dalam konteks sosial masyarakat yang menampung konflik nilai dan kepentingan di masyarakat yang akan diputus oleh lembaga legislatif.Dalam penelitian yang dilakukan terhadap tiga UU yaitu UU Sisclilmas, UU Pemilu dan UU Keténagakerjaan ditemukan adanya berbagai hal sbb. : Pertama, proses pembentukan UU di era reformasi memperlihatkan telah terjadi perubahan baik dilihat dari aspck kelembagaan DPR, aspek kepentingan masyarakat, aspek pengaturannya dan aspek pembahasan RUU. Kedua, partisipasi masyarakat dalam proses pembentukan UU dapat diidentifikasi dalam pelaku partisipasi, bcntuk partisipasi, cara partisipasi, materi partisipasi, penyerapan panisipasi dan tahap-tahap partisipasi dalam pembentukan UU.Keriga, partisipasi masyarakat yang dilakukan terhadap proses pembentukan tiga UU yang diteliti, dapat mewamai dalam berbagai proses pembahasan pembentukan UU, sehingga produk UU yang dihasilkannya mendekati rasa kea/dilan, kepatuhan dan kepastian hukum masyarakat. Keempat, proses pembcntukan UU di era reformasi telah membuka akses publik dan melibatkan berbagai kekuatan politik dalam masyarakat. Hal ini pada dasamya rnempakan langkah ideal dalam proses pembentukan UU di era reformasi, dan dari sudut pandang sosiologi penmdang-undangan, UU merupakan endapan konflik nilai dan kepentingan yang secara politis diformulasikan dalam aturan hukum oleh lembaga legislatifi Akan tetapi, semua kondisi dalam proses pembentukan UU di era reformasi tersebut Blum disertai dengan perangkat peraturan perundang- undangan yang memadai.Atas dasar uraian di atas, maka perlu dilakukan perubahan terhadap UU No. 10 Tahun 2004 tentang Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-undangan khususnya yang berkaitan dengan pengaturan partisipasi masyarakat, Dengan demikian, akan terdapat dasar pijakan peraturan yang memadai guna memperkuat pemberdayaan rakyat melakukan partisipasi dalam proses pembemukan UU.

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Abstract

Reformation movement in 1998 has brought demand for democratization in the form of the people empowerment in various aspects of state activities. Law-making is a part of regulating state, is also demanded to transparency, particmation and accountable. This will create legisaltion products that democratic and benefit for arrangement of state to bring into good governance with the 1945 Constitution as basic constitutional. In this rearch , I will examine one main problem : how public participation in legislative process? This rearch employs a sociological perspective, especially socioloy of legislation.

Theoritical framework formulated to solve the main problem is to base on democratic theory and law-making theory. Firstly, the democratic theory must be understood that constitutional bodies involved in the process of law making in taking decision related to state policy in law-making must be open to public access to participate. Secondly, the law-making theory must be put in the social context that accommodates conflicts of value and interest in society that will be decided by legislative institution.

The research focuses on three leislations, t.e. Act on National Education System, Act on General Elections, and Act of Labor and the result shows as follos : First, the law-making process in the reformation era has occurred changes in saveral aspects, such as representative institution, public interest, regulatory and law-making process.

Second public participation in the law-making process can identfed in several matters, such as people who participate, form of participation, method of participation. subject matter of participation, absord of participation. and stages of part icipation. Third public participation conducted in law -making process of the three Acts can affect in various law making process. Therefore, it is expected that legislotions enacted close to justice, compliance and legal certainty for society. For, lar making-process in the reformation era has opened public access and involved various political forces and society. This is basically an ideal step in law-making process in the reformation era and viewed from sociology of legislation. act is accumulation conflicts of value and interests which is politicalbrformulated in regulation by legislative body. However, all circumstances in the law-making process have not been equmped by a set of legislation sufficiently.

Hence, it is necessary to amend Act No. l 0 Year 200-I on Legislation Making Process, especially related to public participation. This amendement is expected to become a srjjicient basic regulatory for strengthening public participation in law-making process."