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"Tujuan : Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mengevaluasi sensitivitas dan spesifisitas dari beberapa metode penapisan keganasan pada tumor ovarium jenis epitelial dengan membandingkan Skor Gatot dan Risk Malignancy Index, serta mengajukan modifikasi Skor Gatot.Metode : Empat ratus satu pasien dengan kecurigaan keganasan ovarium tipe epithelial dimasukkan sebagai subjek penelitian, dilakukan prosedur anamnesis, pemeriksaan fisik, laboratoris dan ultrasonografi. Dari data tersebut, diambil variabel-variabel yang sesuai dengan Skor Gatot dan Risk Malignancy Index. Dilakukan analisa statistik berupa perhitungan sensitivitas dan spesifisitas serta ROC dan titik potong optimal.Hasil : Dari 401 subjek penelitian, didapatkan bahwa Skor Gatot memiliki sensitivitas 73.7% dan spesifitas 45.6% (p = 0.000; LR 28.830) sedangkan RMI memiliki nilai sensitivitas 72.4%, spesifisitas 35.94% (p = 0.02, LR 9.588) untuk RMI 1 dan nilai sensitivitas 76%, spesifisitas 30.9% (p = 0.05; LR 7.984) untuk RMI 2. Dilakukan modifikasi pada Skor Gatot dengan pembobotan ulang pada tiap variabel, didapatkan hasil Modifikasi Skor Gatot 1 memiliki titik potong pada nilai 28.5 dengan sensitivitas sebesar 60.4% dan spesifisitas sebesar 61.4% (p= 0.000, LR 44.228) dan Modifikasi Skor Gatot 2 memiliki nilai potong pada titik 5.75 dengan kisaran nilai sensitivitas 49.3 – 69.6% dan sensitivitas 51.6-65.2% ( p = 0.000; LR 36.806).Kesimpulan : Skor Gatot dan RMI memberikan hasil yang kurang memuaskan dalam melakukan prediksi keganasan ovarium. Dengan melakukan pembobotan ulang pada tiap variabel pada Skor Gatot, sensitivitas dan, terutama, spesifisitas dapat ditingkatkan dalam mendeteksi adanya keganasan ovarium tipe epitelial. Hal ini ditujukan agar dapat meningkatkan prediksi keganasan pada pasien dalam usia reproduksi.

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Objective : The study was designed to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of several methods in detecting ovarian epithelial malignancy by comparing Gatot Score and Risk Malignancy Index, and also proposing the modification of Gatot Score.

Method : Four hundred and one subjects with suspected epithelial ovarian malignancy entered the study and performed anamnesis, physical examinations, laboratories studies and ultrasonography. From the data, we took the variables according to Gatot Score and Risk Malignancy Index. We performed statistic analysis in term of sensitivity, specificity, ROC and optimal cut-off-point.

Results : From 401 observation subjects, revealed that Gatot Score possess the sensitivity of 73.7% and specificity of 45.6% (p = 0.000; LR 28.830), while RMI possess the sensitivity of 72.4% and specificity of 35.94% (p = 0.02, LR 9.588) for RMI 1, and the sensitivity of 76% and specificity of 30.9% (p = 0.05; LR 7.984) for RMI 2. Modification to Gatot Score was performed by re-weighting to its all variables, which resulted in Gatot Score Modification 1 with cut-off point of 28.5, sensitivity of 60.4% and specificity of 35.94% (p= 0.000, LR 44.228) and Gatot Score Modification 2 with cut-off point of 5.75, sensitivity range between 49.3 – 69.6% and specificity range between 51.6-65.2% ( p = 0.000; LR 36.806).

Summary : Both Gatot Score and RMI resulted in unsatisfactory output in predicting the malignancy of ovary. By reassigning the weighting of all variables in Gatot Score, especially the specificity was improved in detecting the malignancy of epithelial type ovary. This measure was directed for patients in reproductive ages, thus increasing the possibility of true malignancy."

"Tujuan: Mengetahui pengaruh mutasi patogenik BRCA1/2 tumor terhadap kesintasan pasien advanced stage-high grade serous epithelial ovarian cancer di RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo, RSUP Persahabatan, dan RS MRCCC Siloam Jakarta.Metode: Sejumlah 68 sampel dari 144 pasien diagnosis high-grade serous epithelial ovarian cancer (HGSOC) stadium FIGO IIB-IV, periode 1 Januari 2015 sampai 31 Maret 2021, di RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo, RSUP Persahabatan, dan RS MRCCC Siloam Jakarta, menjalani pemeriksaan NGS mutasi patogenik BRCA1/2 tumor, dilibatkan dalam penelitian kohort historikal ini. Kami membandingkan karakteristik klinikopatologis pasien, dan hasil luaran kesintasan, setelah pasien menjalani tatalaksana primer, berdasarkan status mutasi patogenik BRCA1/2 tumor. Faktor terkait tatalaksana, yang diperkirakan berpengaruh terhadap hasil luaran kesintasan pasien, juga turut dianalisis dalam penelitian ini.Hasil: Angka kejadian mutasi patogenik BRCA1/2 tumor diketahui sebesar 27,94% (19/68). Antara kelompok mutasi patogenik BRCA1/2 tumor, dengan kelompok tanpa mutasi patogenik, tidak terdapat perbedaan statistik signifikan berdasarkan usia, paritas, indeks massa tubuh (kg/m2), riwayat kanker payudara, stadium FIGO 2014, kadar CA125 serum pre operatif (U/mL), volume cairan ascites intra operatif (mL), lesi residual pasca laparotomi debulking, pemberian neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT), pemberian kemoterapi adjuvant. Riwayat kanker keluarga terkait HBOC, merupakan variabel paling berpengaruh terhadap mutasi patogenik BRCA1/2 tumor. Kelompok dengan riwayat kanker keluarga terkait HBOC, berisiko 5,212 kali lebih besar mengalami mutasi patogenik BRCA1/2 tumor, dibandingkan dengan kelompok tanpa riwayat kanker tersebut (RR adjusted 5,212; 95%CI 1,495-18,167; nilai p=0,010).Pada kelompok mutasi patogenik BRCA1/2 tumor, kemungkinan meninggal 86% lebih rendah (RR adjusted 0,149; 95%CI 0,046-0,475; nilai p=0,001), dan median survival yang lebih baik (median 46 bulan; 95%CI 34,009-57,991; nilai p=0,001), apabila dibandingkan dengan kelompok tanpa mutasi patogenik (median 23 bulan; 95%CI 15,657-30,343; nilai p=0,001). Analisis multivariat menunjukkan mutasi patogenik BRCA1/2 tumor merupakan faktor prognostik independen yang baik terhadap hasil luaran kesintasan (RR adjusted 0,149; 95%CI 0,046-0,475; nilai p=0,001).Kesimpulan: Pasien advanced stage-high grade serous epithelial ovarian cancer, dengan mutasi patogenik BRCA1/2 tumor, memiliki kesintasan lebih baik, dibandingkan pasien tanpa mutasi patogenik BRCA1/2 tumor.

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Objective: To evaluate the impact of pathogenic BRCA1/2 tumor mutational status on advanced stage- high grade serous epithelial ovarian cancer survival outcome at RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo, RSUP Persahabatan, and RS MRCCC Siloam Jakarta.

Methods: A total 68 of 144 patients diagnosed with FIGO 2014 stage IIB-IV high grade serous epithelial ovarian cancer (HGSOC) between January 1st, 2015 until March 31st, 2021, at RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo, RSUP Persahabatan, and RS MRCCC Siloam Jakarta, underwent NGS tumor BRCA1/2 gene testing, and were included in this cohort hystorical study. We compared patients clinicopathological characteristics, and survival outcomes after primary treatment, according to pathogenic BRCA1/2 tumor mutational status. Treatment-related factors that might affect patients’ survival outcome were also investigated.

Results: The BRCA1/2 pathogenic tumor mutations prevalence was observed in this study 27.94% (19/68). There were no significant statistical differences in age, parity, body mass index (kg/m2), previous breast cancer history, FIGO 2014 staging, pre-operative serum CA 125 level (U/mL), intra operative ascites volume (mL), post cytoreductive surgery residual lesion, neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT), and adjuvant chemotherapy administration, between the pathogenic tumor BRCA1/2 mutation, and no pathogenic tumor BRCA1/2 mutation groups. The hereditary breast ovarian cancer family history (HBOC) variable has the strongest correlation with pathogenic tumor BRCA1/2 mutation. The group with a family history of HBOC-related cancer had a 5.212 times greater risk of developing pathogenic BRCA1/2 tumor mutations, compared with the group without a history of those cancer (RR adjusted 5.212; 95%CI 1.495-18.167; p value=0.010).

The pathogenic BRCA1/2 tumor mutation group displayed better survival outcome. In the pathogenic BRCA1/2 tumor mutation group, the likelihood of dying was 86% lower (RR adjusted 0.149; 95%CI 0.046-0.475; p-value=0.001), and the median survival was better (median 46 months; 95%CI 34.009- 57.991; p value=0.001), than without pathogenic BRCA1/2 tumor mutations group (median 23 months; 95%CI 15.657-30.343; p value=0.001). The multivariate analyses identified pathogenic BRCA1/2 tumor mutation as an independent favorable prognostic factor for survival outcome (RR adjusted 0.149; 95%CI 0.046-0.475; p-value=0.001).

Conclusions: In advanced stage-HGSOC, patients with pathogenic BRCA1/2 tumor mutations have a better prognosis with longer survival outcome than those without pathogenic BRCA1/2 tumor mutations."

"Kemoterapi adalah salah satu pilihan pengobatan untuk pasien kanker ginekologi. Kemoterapi menunjukkan efek samping secara fisik, psikososial dan seksual. Pendidikan kesehatan adalah salah satu metode yang digunakan untuk membantu mengurangi efek samping pada pasien yang menjalani kemoterapi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan DORLAN terhadap masalah fisik, psikososial, dan seksual pada pasien kanker ginekologi yang menjalani kemoterapi. Penelitian kuasi eksperimental dengan teknik pengambilan sampel dengan consecutive sampling. Sampel berjumlah 94 wanita dengan kanker ginekologi yang menjalani kemoterapi dimasukkan dan terdiri dari 47 peserta dalam kelompok intervensi dan 47 peserta dalam kelompok kontrol. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuesioner data demografis, kuesioner FACT-G, Sexual Satisfaction Scale for Women (SSS-W), dan kuesioner Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada perbedaan dalam masalah fisik (p-value 0,000), masalah psikososial (p-value 0,001), masalah seksual (p-value 0,041) sebelum dan sesudah pemberian pendidikan kesehatan DORLAN pada kelompok intervensi. Hasil juga menunjukkan ada perbedaan masalah fisik, psikososial, dan seksual pasien kanker ginekologi selama kemoterapi antara kelompok intervensi dan kelompok kontrol (p-value: 0,049, 0,001 dan 0,003). Pemberian pendidikan kesehatan DORLAN dapat diberikan sebagai usaha preventif terhadap masalah fisik, psikososial, dan seksual pasien kanker ginekologi selama kemoterapi.

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Chemotherapy is one of the treatment option for gynecological cancer patients. Chemotherapy demonstrates side effects physically, psychosocially and sexually. Health education is one of the methods used to help reduce such side effects in patients undergoing chemotherapy. This study aims to identify the effect of the DORLAN health education on the physical, psychosocial, and sexual problems in gynecological cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. A quasi-experimental study with consecutive sampling techniques. A sample of 94 women with gynecological cancer who were undergoing chemotherapy were included and consisted of 47 participants in an intervention group and 47 participants in a control group. Data collection was performed using demographic data questionnaires, a FACT-G questionnaire, a Sexual Satisfaction Scale for Women (SSS-W) questionnaire, and a Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) questionnaire. The results showed that there were differences in physical problem (p-value 0.000), psychosocial problem (p-value 0.001), sexual problem (p-value 0.041) before and after delivery of the DORLAN health education to the intervention group. Similarly, there were differences in physical, psychosocial, and sexual problems among gynecological cancer patients during chemotherapy between the intervention group and the control group (p-value: 0.012, 0.029 and 0.001). The DORLAN health education can be given as a preventive measure against physical, psychosocial, and sexual problems of gynecological cancer patients during chemotherapy."

"Penelitian ini membahas perbandingan performa diagnostik sistem skoring International Ovarian Tumor Analysis (IOTA) dengan Risk of Malignancy Index-4 (RMI-4) dan indeks morfologi Sassone dalam memprediksi keganasan ovarium prabedah. Dilakukan uji diagnostik potong-lintang secara retrospektif dengan pasien neoplasma ovarium di RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo dari Januari hingga Desember 2013. Nilai diagnostik dari keempat metode skoring dihitung dengan luaran: sensitivitas, spesifisitas, nilai prediksi positif, nilai prediksi negatif, akurasi dan nilai AUC. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan IOTA simple-rules memiliki performa diagnostik lebih baik dibandingkan IOTA subgroup, RMI-4 dan indeks morfologi Sassone.

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This study compared diagnostic performance of scoring system of International Ovarian Tumor Analysis (IOTA) with Risk of Malignancy Index-4 (RMI-4) and Sassone morphology index to predict ovarian malignancy preoperatively. A retrospective study was done involving subject with ovarian neoplasm at National General Hospital Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo on January to December 2013. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, accuracy and AUC value were calculated. This study concluded that diagnostic performance of IOTA simple-rules were significantly better than IOTA subgroup, RMI-4 and Sassone morphology index."

"Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian uji diagnostik dengan menggunakan metode potong lintang. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara konsekutif. Penelitian dilakukan di Poliklinik Obstetri dan Ginekologi RSCM Jakarta pada 31 Januari 2015 hingga 31 Januari 2020. Sebanyak 183 pasien wanita dengan kecurigaan neoplasma ovarium padat diikutsertakan dalam penelitian. Pasien dengan penyakit sistemik lainnya atau mengalami kehamilan dieksklusi dari penetlitian. Dilakukan uji kesesuaian dengan menggunakan uji Kappa. Didapatkan sensitivitas dan spesifisitas dari masing-masing penanda tumorHasil : AFP memiliki sensitivitas 1,92% dan spesifisitas 77,1% sebagai penanda disgerminoma. LDH memiliki sensitivitas 55,67% dan spesifisitas 65,65% sebagai penanda disgerminoma.. AFP memiliki sensitivitas 30,43% dan spesifisitas 85% sebagai penanda teratoma. LDH memiliki sensitivitas 30,43% dan spesifisitas 58,13% sebagai penanda teratoma . AFP memiliki sensitivitas 100% dan spesifisitas 88,89% sebagai penanda Yolk sac tumor. LDH memiliki sensitivitas 41,67% dan spesifisitas 59,65% sebagai penanda Yolk sac tumor. Kombinasi AFP dan LDH memiliki sensitivitas 100% dan spesifisitas 50,29% sebagai penanda Yolk sac tumor. Kombinasi tumor marker AFP dan LDH memiliki nilai sensitivitas yang lebih tinggi namun tidak memiliki akurasi yang lebih baik dibandingkan pemeriksaan menggunakan AFP atau LDH saja.Kesimpulan : AFP dan LDH merupakan penanda tumor yang dapat digunakan untuk deteksi dini maupun skrining pada kasus neoplasma padat ovarium.

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Background: Ovarian neoplasms are the most common malignancy experienced by women in Indonesia. Solid ovarian neoplasm is a form of ovarian neopalsma that has a low survival rate due to late diagnosis. Early detection using tumor markers is one of the focuses of researches on ovarian neoplasms, one of which includes AFP and LDH.

Objective : To determine the sensitivity and specificity of AFP, LDH, and the combination of the two tumor markers.

Method : This research is a diagnostic test using cross sectional method. Sampling is done consecutively. The study was conducted at the Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic of RSCM Jakarta from 31 January 2015 to 31 January 2020. A total of 182 female patients with suspicion of solid ovarian neoplasms were included in the study. Patients with other systemic diseases or pregnant were excluded from research. Conformity test was performed using the Kappa test. Sensitivity and specificity of each tumor marker was obtained

Result : AFP has a sensitivity of 1.92% and specificity of 77.1% as a marker of dysgerminoma. LDH has a sensitivity of 55.67% and a specificity of 65.65% as a marker of dysgerminoma. AFP has a sensitivity of 30.43% and a specificity of 85% as a marker of teratoma. LDH has a sensitivity of 30.43% and specificity 58.13% as a marker of teratomas. AFP has 100% sensitivity and 88.89% specificity as a marker of Yolk sac tumor. LDH has a sensitivity of 41.67% and specificity 59.65% as a marker of Yolk sac tumor. The combination of AFP and LDH has a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 50.29% as a marker of Yolk sac tumor. The combination of AFP and LDH marker tumors has a higher sensitivity value but does not have better accuracy than examinations using AFP or LDH alone"

"Tumor ovarium tipe sel benih merupakan tumor tersering pada anak dan remaja putri. Di Indonesia, tumor ovarium merupakan permasalahan yang cukup berarti karena pasien umumnya datang dalam kondisi stadium lanjut akibat tidak adanya metode skrining yang memadai untuk mendeteksi kasus ini secara dini.Tujuan: (1) mengetahui jumlah kasus baru tumor ovarium primer tipe sel benih di Jakarta selama tahun 1997-2006; (2) mengetahui proporsi kasus tumor ovarium primer tipe sel benih dengan tumor genitalia perempuan di Jakarta selama tahun 1997-2006; (3) untuk mengetahui proporsi tumor ovarium primer tipe sel benih terhadap tipe lain tumor ovarium primer selama tahun 1997-2006. (4) untuk mengetahui adanya hubungan antara kelompok usia dengan derajat keganasan tumor ovarium primer tipe sel benih.Metode: Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode potong lintang pada data sekunder kasus tumor ovarium primer di Departemen Patologi Anatomi FKUI/RSUPN-CM tahun 1997-2006 dengan uji Chi-Square (p<0,05).Hasil: jumlah kasus baru tumor ovarium primer tipe sel benih di Jakarta adalah 578 kasus dengan subjek penelitian berasal dari kelompok usia 0-9 tahun hingga 80-89 tahun. Tumor ovarium primer tipe sel benih merupakan 4,79% dari semua tumor genitalia perempuan. Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna (p 0,000) antara kelompok usia dan derajat keganasan tumor ovarium primer tipe sel benih. Tumor sel benih merupakan 25,5% dari semua tumor ovarium primer.Kesimpulan: terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara usia pasien dengan derajat keganasan tumor ovarium primer tipe sel benih.

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Germ cell ovarian tumour is the most common type of tumour found among children and adolescents in Indonesia. In Indonesia, ovarian tumour has become a major problem since most patients seek medical attention in their late stages because there is no adequate screening method to diagnose ovarian tumour in early stages.Objectives: (1) To analyze the number of most recent diagnosed primary ovarian germ cell tumour's cases in Jakarta in the period of 1997-2006. (2) To analyze the proportion of primary ovarian germ cell tumours within all female's genital tumours. (3) To analyze the proportion of primary ovarian germ cell tumour within all primary ovarian tumours. (4) to know whether there is a relationship between age group and histological grade in primary ovarian germ cell tumours.Methods: based on secondary data from RSCM's Department of Pathology and Anatomy, this research was conducted using cross-sectional method with Chi-Square statistical test (p< 0.05).Result: this research indicates that there were 578 new cases of primary ovarian germ cell tumour, in the RSCM's Department of Pathology and Anatomy for the period of 1997-2006. These cases were distributed among the age group of 0-9 years old until 80-89 years old. The research findings indicates a statistically significant correlation (p<0.000) between the histological grade of primary ovarian germ cell tumour and the patients' age group. Primary ovarian germ cell tumours were found in 4,79% among all the female's genital tumour. Germ cell primary ovarian tumours were 25,5% of all primary ovarian tumours.Conclusion: there is a strong relationship between histological grade of primary ovarian germ cell tumour and the age of patients."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui nilai diagnostik skor prabedah dan prosedur potong beku pada pasien keganasan ovarium usia muda. Selain itu, penelitian ini ingin mengetahui apakah potong beku menambah nilai prediksi skor prabedah. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mengambil data RSCM dari tahun 2006-2010. Kami mendapatkan 437 pasien dengan diagnosis neoplasma ovarium kistik. Seratus lima puluh tujuh pasien berusia dibawah 40 tahun. Nilai diagnostik skor GP pada keganasan usia muda berturut turut sensitivitas, spesifitas, nilai duga positif, nilai duga negatif, dan akurasi sebesar 77%, 49%, 61%, 68%, dan 63% sedangkan RMI memberikan nilai diagnostik berturut-turut 69%, 49%, 58%, 45%, dan 59%, hasil yang tidak jauh berbeda dengan skor GP. Nilai diagnostik prosedur potong beku pada keganasan usia muda dengan skor GP >4 berturut turut sensitivitas, spesifitas, nilai duga positif, nilai duga negatif, dan akurasi sebesar 81.7%, 87.2% , 90.7%, 75.6%, dan 83%, sedangkan untuk RMI >200 nilai diagnostik berturut-turut adalah 81%, 87%, 89%, 77%, dan 83%. Potong beku menambah 6% dari prediksi prabedah skor GP dan 12% dari prediksi prabedah RMI.

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The aim of this paper is to know the diagnostic value of scoring system that taken before surgery and frozen section in the young age patient suspected malignancy. Using that result, we can also know whether the frozen section give additional value to clinical scoring system or not. This research was undergone by using RSCM’s medical record from 2006-2010. From 437 patients suspected ovarian malignancy, we took only 157 patients due to their age. Diagnostic value of GP score are 77%, 49%, 61%, 68%, 63%, while RMI are 69%, 49%, 58%, 45%, 59%, (sensitivity, spesifity, positive prediction value, negative predictive value, and accuracy respectively). Diagnostic value of frozen section in patient suspected malignancy using GP score >4 are 81.7%, 87.2%, 90.7%, 75.6%, 83%, while in patient with RMI > 200 are 81%, 87%, 89%, 77%, 83% (sensitivity, spesifity, positive prediction value, negative predictive value, and accuracy respectively). Frozen section only gave 6% additional value for GP score and 12% for RMI score."

"Get the evidence-based, practical guidance you need to provide state-of-the-art care to women with gynecologic cancers. From diagnosis through medical and surgical management, Berek and Hacker's Gynecologic Oncology, 6th Edition delivers invaluable knowledge and expertise on every aspect of gynecologic malignancies. Ideal for gynecologic oncologists and fellows, general gynecologists, and medical and radiation oncologists, this new edition clearly translates basic science to clinical practice, making it your go-to source for everyday reference. Features: concise, comprehensive coverage ensures."

"Radiology illustrated : gynecologic imaging is an up-to-date, image-oriented reference in the style of a teaching file that has been designed specifically to be of value in clinical practice. Individual chapters focus on the various imaging techniques, normal variants and congenital anomalies, and the full range of pathology. Each chapter starts with a concise overview, and abundant examples of the imaging findings are then presented.In this second edition, the range and quality of the illustrations have been enhanced, and image quality is excellent throughout. Many schematic drawings have been added to help readers memorize characteristic imaging findings through pattern recognition. The organization of chapters by disease entity will enable readers quickly to find the information they seek. Besides serving as an outstanding aid to differential diagnosis, this book will provide a user-friendly review tool for certification or recertification in radiology."

"Adanya transisi epidemiologi menjadikan penyakit tidak menular menjadi masalah baru di dunia kesehatan. Kanker leher rahim merupakan salah satunya. Penelitian Globocan tahun 2008 mengungkapkan bahwa kanker leher rahim merupakan kanker kedua penyebab lebih dari 80% kematian pada perempuan yang hidup di negara-negara berkembang. Di Indonesia dilaporkan terdapat 15.000 kasus baru kanker leher rahim pada tiap tahunnya.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran dan faktor-faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan kanker leher rahim di RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta tahun 2012. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mengambil data sekunder di bagian rekam medis RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta dengan desain studi kasus kontrol dan sampel sebanyak 100 orang masing-masing pada kelompok kasus dan kelompok kontrol.Faktor-faktor yang diidentifikasi dapat meningkatkan risiko kanker leher rahim adalah umur, tingkat pendidikan, status pekerjaan, usia pertama kali berhubungan seksual, jumlah pasangan seksual, dan paritas. Diketahui bahwa faktor yang paling dominan mempengaruhi kejadian kanker leher rahim di RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta tahun 2012 adalah paritas ≥3 anak (OR = 51,8; 95% CI: 14,53 - 184,67) dan berhubungan seksual pertama kali pada usia <16 tahun (OR = 40,91; 95% CI: 8,96 - 186,81).Untuk mengurangi kejadian kanker leher rahim diharapkan bagi instansi terkait dapat lebih mengutamakan upaya pelayanan promotif dan preventif dengan meningkatkan cakupan pelayanan deteksi dini kanker leher rahim dan penyuluhan kesehatan mengenai kanker leher rahim yang lebih massal sehingga dapat mencapai semua lapisan masyarakat.

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Transition of epidemiology has made a non-communicable diseases becoming the new health problems in the world. Cervical cancer is one of the problems. Globocan study in 2008 have shown that cervical cancer is the second most common cancer that leading causes more than 80% of deaths in women living in developing countries. In Indonesia there are 15.000 new cases of cervical cancer reported each year.

The purpose of this study is to know the prevalence of cervical cancer itself and risk factors that associated with cervical cancer in RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta, 2012. The research was conducted by taking secondary data on the medical record of RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta with case-control study and the sample size is 100 subjects in the case group and control group, respectively.

Factors that have been identified to increase the risk of cervical cancer are age, education level, employment status, age at first sexual intercourse, number of sexual partners, and parity. It is known that the most dominant factors that affecting the incidence of cervical cancer in RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta in 2012 are high parity (≥3) (OR = 51,8; 95% CI: 14,53 – 184,67) and first sexual intercourse at age <16 years (OR = 40,91; 95% CI: 8,96 - 186,81).

To reduce the incidence of cervical cancer the related agencies are expected to be more emphasis on promotive and preventive programs to improve the coverage of early detection of cervical cancer and health education about cervical cancer to be more mass so it can reach to all levels of society."