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"Pendahuluan: Kulit buah manggis memiliki khasiat antioksidan, antitumor, antiinflamasi, antialergi, antibakteri, antijamur dan antivirus. Kulit buah manggis memiliki kandungan zat aktif xanton, antosianin, tanin, fenol, dan lainnya. Proses penyembuhan fraktur tulang terdiri dari fase inflamasi sampai fase remodeling dengan khasiat antiinflamasi dan antioksidan yang berperan dalam proses penyembuhan fraktur tulang. Tujuan: Mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak kulit buah manggis terhadap penyembuhan tulang. Metode dan Bahan: Penelitian ini menggunakan enam ekor mencit (12 femur) yang terdiri dari 6 femur kanan diaplikasikan saline water, 3 femur kiri diaplikasikan ekstrak kulit buah manggis dosis 5 mg/kg, dan 3 femur kiri dengan dosis 20 mg/kg pada hari ke 2,4,6. Pembuatan defek dilakukan dengan bur bulat pada femur sebelum aplikasi. Semua mencit dikorbankan pada hari ke 7 dan selanjutnya ukuran diameter defek dievaluasi dengan alat digital radiografi. Hasil: Terdapat penurunan ukuran diameter defek pada dosis 5 mg/kg yang tidak berbeda bermakna (p > 0,05) dengan saline water dan dosis 20 mg/kg. Kesimpulan: Aplikasi ekstrak kulit buah manggis dapat menurunkan ukuran diameter defek tulang.

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Background: Pericarp of mangosteen has effects of antioxidant, antitumor, antiinlammatory, antialergy, antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral. Pericarp of mangosteen contains active substances of xanthone, anthocyanin, tannins, phenols, and more. Bone fracture healing process consists of the inflammatory phase to a phase of remodeling with antiinflammatory and antioxidant properties that play a role in process of bone fracture healing.

Objective: Examine the extract of mangosteen peel on bone fracture healing.

Material and Methods: This study uses six mice (12 femur) consisting of 6 right femur that was applied saline water, 3 left femur was applied the extract of mangosteen peel with a dose of 5 mg/kg, and 3 left femur with a dose of 20 mg/kg on day 2, 4, 6. Defect is created with a round bur in femur before application. All mice were sacrificed on day 7 and then the diameter of defect is evaluated by means of digital radiography.

The Results: There was a decrease of the diameter of defects at the dose of 5 mg/kg that were not significantly different (p > 0.05) with saline water and a dose of 20 mg/kg.

Conclusion: Applications of mangosteen peel extract can decrease the size of diameter of bone defect."

"Latar belakang: Kulit buah manggis diketahui memiliki banyak khasiat seperti antioksidan, antiinflamasi, antitumor, antivirus, antibakteri, antifungi, antihistamin, antimalaria dan lainnya. Dalam menjalankan perannya, banyak zat aktif yang ,menghambat penyembuhan fraktur sehingga diperlukan peran antioksidan. Tujuan: Mengetahui efek ekstrak kulit buah manggis terhadap penyembuhan tulang. Metode dan Bahan: Penelitian ini menggunakan model fraktur yaitu defek femur kiri-kanan pada 6 ekor mencit (12 femur). Kemudian diaplikasikan ekstrak kulit buah manggis dosis 20 mg/kg BB (3 femur kiri) dan 40 mg/kg BB (3 femur kiri) serta saline water sebagai kontrol (6 femur kanan) pada hari ke 2, 4 dan 6. Pada hari ke 7, semua mencit dikorbankan. Selanjutnya ukuran diameter defek dievaluasi dengan dental digital radiography. Hasil: Terdapat penurunan ukuran diameter defek pada femur mencit yang diaplikasikan ekstrak kulit buah manggis dosis 40 mg/kg BB namun tidak berbeda bermakna bila dibandingkan dengan kontrol (saline water). Kesimpulan: Aplikasi ekstrak kulit buah manggis dosis 40 mg/kg BB dapat menurunkan ukuran diameter defek pada tulang.

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Background: Peel of mangosteen has many benefits such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, antihistamine, antimalarial and others. It has a lot of active substances contained therein as xanthones, anthocyanins, phenols, tannins and others. In bone fractures, an increase of free radicals that are supposed to inhibit the bone fractures healing that required the antioxidants.

Objective: To examine the effect of mangosteen peel extract on bone healing.

Methods and Materials: This study uses fracture model that defects on left-right femur in 6 mice (12 femur). Then applied mangosteen peel extract doseges of 20 mg/kg (3 left femur), 40 mg/kg (3 left femur) and saline water as a control (6 right femur) on days 2, 4 and 6. On day 7, all mice were sacrificed. Furthermore, the diameter size of the defect was evaluated with dental digital radiography.

Results: There was a decrease in the diameter of the femoral defect in mice that are applied mangosteen peel extract dose of 40 mg/kg, but not significantly different when compared with saline water.

Conclusion: The application of mangosteen peel extract 40 mg/kg BW dosage can reduce the diameter size of the bone defect."

"Generally the signs and symptoms of advances periodontal disease are periodontal pockets formation to alveolar bone defect. Bone defect treated with placement a preparation material to promote new bone formation. Tissue transplantation were developed to reconstruct bone defect with the placement of bone graft material. This paper will discussed the used of demineralized freeze dried bone allograft (DFDBA) and anorganic bone mineral combined with synthetic 15 amino acid sequence within type 1 collagen (PepGen P-15), the potential healing of bone defect to enhance the optimum treatment of periodontal disease."

"Artritis reumatoid (AR) dapat menyebabkan penurunan massa tulang sistemik akibat adanya peningkatan osteoklastogenesis dan penghambatan osteoblastogenesis melalui peningkatan sklerostin yang menyebabkan penghambatan jalur Wingless(Wnt)-bcatenin canonicaldan bone morphogenetic proteins(BMP). Sampai saat ini masih belum ada penelitian tentang korelasi TNF-adan sklerostin terhadap penanda turnovertulang (CTX dan P1NP) pada pasien AR perempuan premenopause.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan patogenesis hilangnya massa tulang pada pasien artritis rheumatoid perempuan premenopause dengan menilai hubungan antara kadar sitokin proinflamasi TNF-α, penghambat Wnt signalingsklerostin, dan penanda resorpsi tulang P1NP dan CTX.Studi potong lintang ini melibatkan 38 perempuan AR premenopause. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara konsekutif. Pemeriksaan dilakukan dengan ELISA.Penelitian ini didapatkan kadar CTX (rerata 2,74 ng/ml) yang lebih tinggi dan P1NP (median 34,04 pg/ml) yang lebih rendahdibandingkan dengan sampel sehat pada penelitian sebelumnya. Terdapat korelasi negatif (r = -0,388) antara kadar TNF-α dengan kadar sklerostin yang bermakna secara statistik (p = 0,016). Terdapat pula korelasi positif (r = 0,362) antara kadar TNF-α dengan kadar P1NP yang bermakna secara statistik (p = 0,026). didapatkan adanya peningkatan CTX dan penurunan P1NP, adanya korelasi negatif bermakna antara kadar TNF-α dan sklerostin serta adanya korelasi positif bermakna antara kadar TNF-α dan P1NP.

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Rheumatoid arthritis is associated with systemic bone mass loss due tostimulation of osteoclastogenesis and inhibition of osteoblastogenesis through inhibition of Wingless(Wnt) -bcatenin canonical and bone morphogenetic proteins(BMP) pathway by sclerostin. There are currently no studies that assess the correlation of TNF-α and sclerostin with bone resorption markers CTX and P1NPin premenopause rheumatoid arthritis patients. This study aims to explainthe pathogenesis of bone mass decrease by assessing the correlation between TNF-α, sclerostin, P1NP and CTX. This cross-sectional study involves 38 premenopausal women with AR. Sampling is done consecutively. Examination is done by ELISA.

This study found higher level of serum CTX (mean 2,74ng/mL) and lower level of P1NP (median 34,04 pg/mL) than normal population in previous studies. There was a negative correlation (r = -0,388) between TNF-α levels and sclerostin levels which was significant (p = 0,016). There wasalso a positive correlation (r = 0,362) between TNF-α levels and P1NP levels which was also significant (p = 0,026). This study found an increase in CTX and decrease in P1NP. There was a significant negative correlation between TNF-α and sclerostin levels and also a significant positive correlation between TNF-α and P1NP levels."

"Latar Belakang Perilaku duduk menetap telah menjadi suatu rutinitas yang berkontribusi sebagai penyebab gangguan kesehatan seperti keropos tulang. Namun, untuk beberapa orang seperti pekerja kantoran, hal ini sulit dihindari. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan faktor risiko individu dan pekerjaan terhadap kepadatan mineral tulang (Bone Mineral Density/BMD) pada pekerja kantoran dengan pola kerja sedenter. Metode Penelitian ini merupakan studi potong lintang pada populasi pekerja administratif di RS Olahraga Nasional dan Kemenpora RI pada bulan Januari-Maret 2023. Variabel terikat adalah kepadatan mineral tulang berupa skor T yang diukur menggunakan alat DEXA. Variabel bebas mencakup faktor individu seperti usia, jenis kelamin, riwayat osteoporosis pada keluarga, indeks massa tubuh (IMT), merokok, minum alkohol, asupan kalsium, asupan vitamin D, penyakit DM, aktivitas fisik di luar tempat kerja dan faktor pekerjaan yaitu lama duduk harian di tempat kerja. Hasil Subjek penelitian berjumlah 110 orang pekerja kantoran, 70,9% perempuan, median usia 37 tahun. Skor BMD rendah terdapat pada 29 subjek (26,4%) terdiri dari 3 subjek dengan osteoporosis dan 26 subjek dengan osteopenia. Analisis multivariat dengan regresi logistik mendapatkan faktor yang berhubungan secara independen dengan skor BMD rendah adalah penyakit DM (OR 10,7 dengan IK 95% 1,3-85,2), lama duduk di tempat kerja >6 jam/hari (OR 8,5 dengan IK 95% 2,8-25,5), IMT kurus (OR 7,5 dengan IK 95% 1,2-46,6), dan usia>50 tahun (OR 5,1 dengan IK 95% 1,6-15,9). Tidak ditemukan adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara jenis kelamin, asupan vitamin D, aktivitas fisik, dan merokok terhadap skor BMD yang rendah. Kesimpulan. Satu dari empat pekerja kantoran mengalami skor kepadatan mineral tulang yang rendah yang berhubungan dengan penyakit DM, lama duduk di tempat kerja, status gizi, dan usia. Diperlukan tata laksana okupasi berupa modifikasi posisi bekerja untuk mengurangi waktu duduk harian demi mencegah terjadinya gangguan kesehatan tulang di kemudian hari.

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Background Prolonged sitting has become a routine that contributes to causing health problems, one of which is bone loss. However, for some people, such as office workers, this is difficult to avoid. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between individual and occupational risk factors on bone mineral density (BMD) in sedentary office workers. Methods This research is a cross-sectional study conducted on a population of office workers at the National Sports Hospital and the Indonesian Ministry of Youth and Sport in January-March 2023. The dependent variable is bone mineral density in the form of a T-score as measured using Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA). Independent variables include individual factors such as age, gender, family history of osteoporosis, body mass index (BMI), smoking, alcohol consumption, calcium intake, vitamin D intake, history of DM, physical activity, and occupational factors, namely daily sitting time at work. Results The subjects totaled 110 office workers, 70.9% were female, the median age was 37 years old. Low BMD were found in 29 subjects (26.4%) consisting of 3 subjects with osteoporosis and 26 subjects with osteopenia. Multivariate analysis using logistic regresion found factors that were independently associated with a low BMD were history of diabetes mellitus (OR 10.7, 95% CI 1.3-85.2), duration of daily sitting at work > 6 hours (OR 8.5, 95% CI 2.8-25.5), underweight (OR 7.5, 95% CI 1.2-46.6), and age> 50 years old (OR 5.1, 95% CI 1,6-15,9). No significant relationship was found between gender, vitamin D intake, physical activity, and smoking on low BMD. Conclusions One in four office workers experience a low bone mineral density related to DM, prolonged sitting at work, nutritional status, and age. Occupational management is needed in the form of modifying work positions to reduce daily sitting time and to prevent bone loss in the future."

"Total Hip Replacement merupakan salah satu operasi yang dilakukan untuk memperbaiki sendi pada bagian pinggul yang terkena penyakit, kecelakaan, kelainan tulang, dan penyakin bawaan. Ukuran tulang pada setiap etnis atau koloni pada setiap negara atau suatu daerah berbeda satu dengan yang lain. Penelitian tentang setiap ukuran tulang pada setiap etnis tersebut sangat diperlukan untuk mendapatkan desain yang sesuai dengan etnis tersebut. Desain dengan ukuran tulang orang Indonesiapun dibuat dan dilakukan simulasi. Proses simulasi yang berfungsi untuk mendapatkan data dari desain hip prosthesis dengan ukuran tulang orang Indonesia yang terbilang lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan ukuran tulang orang Eropa maupun Amerika. Proses simulasi yang telah disesuaikan dengan standar American Standard Testing and Material ASTM dan International Organization for Standarization ISO tentang Finite Element Analysis. Dari hasil simulasi tersebut didapatkan desain yang sesuai dengan tulang ukuran orang Indonesia dan ketentuan yang harus diperhatikan dalam melukan desain hip prosthesis orang Indonesia.

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Total Hip Replacement is one of the surgeries performed to repair joints in hip affected by disease, accidents, bone disorder, and congenital disease. The size of the bones in each ethnic od colony in each country or region is different from one another. Research on each bone size in each ethnic group is very needed to get a design that suits to that ethnicity. Indonesian bone size design was made and simulated. Function of simulation process to get data from hip prosthesis design with Indonesian bone size that smaller than European and American bone size. The simulation process have been adjusted to American Standard Testing and Material ASTM and International Organization for Standarization ISO about Finite Element Analysis. From the simulation result, it was found that design was in accordance with the bone size of Indonesian people and the provisions that must be considered in designing hip prosthesis for Indonesian people."

"Latar belakang: Bakteri A. actinomycetemcomitans merupakan bakteri utama penyebab periodontitis agresif dimana bakteri ini dapat memengaruhi sel tulang sehingga terjadi kehilangan tulang alveolar. Namun, belum ada studi yang mempelajari mengenai interaksi antara bakteri A. actinomycetemcomitans dengan sel osteoklas dan sel di galur diferensiasi sel osteoklas, yaitu sel bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMM) dan sel preosteoklas. Tujuan: Membandingkan interaksi sel BMM dan sel preosteoklas dengan bakteri A. actinomycetemcomitans. Metode: Membuat kultur primer sel osteoklas dari bone marrow cells (BMCs) pada conditioned medium dengan inkubasi selama 48 jam pada suhu 37oC. Setelah diinkubasi, kultur sel BMCs yang telah berdiferensiasi menjadi sel BMM diberi medium yang telah ditambahkan bakteri A. actinomycetemcomitans selama 30 menit dalam kondisi aerob dan anaerob. Kemudian medium disimpan untuk dilakukan kultur dan Total Plate Count untuk mengetahui jumlah koloni bakteri. Lakukan hal yang sama pada sel preosteoklas (setelah kultur diinkubasi selama 48 jam dan diganti mediumnya dan ditambahkan RANKL kemudian diinkubasi kembali selama 24 jam). Hasil: Jumlah koloni hasil interaksi bakteri A. actinomycetemcomitans dengan sel BMM menunjukkan hasil yang tidak signifikan (p > 0.05) sedangkan hasil interaksi bakteri A. actinomycetemcomitans dengan sel preosteoklas menunjukkan hasil yang signifikan (p < 0.05). Perbandingan koloni terkecil adalah pada hasil interaksi bakteri A. actinomycetemcomitans dengan sel BMM pada kondisi aerob (1 : 1,1). Kesimpulan: Interaksi antara bakteri A. actinomycetemcomitans dengan sel BMM dan sel preosteoklas mempengaruhi proliferasi dari bakteri A. actinomycetemcomitans dimana proliferasi bakteri A. actinomycetemcomitans paling tinggi terjadi saat berinteraksi dengan sel BMM pada kondisi aerob.

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Background: A. actinomycetemcomitans is the main bacteria that causes aggressive periodontitis of which this bacteria can affect bone cells resulting in alveolar bone loss. However, there has been no study that have examined the interaction between A. actinomycetemcomitans bacteria and osteoclast lineage cells, namely in bone marrow- derived macrophages (BMM) and preosteoclast cells. Objective: Comparing the interaction of BMM and preosteoclast cells with A. actinomycetemcomitans. Methods: Primary cultures of osteoclasts from bone marrow cells (BMCs) in conditioned medium were performed and incubated for 48 hours at 37oC. After incubation, the cultured BMCs that had differentiated into BMM were given medium that had been infected with A. actinomycetemcomitans for 30 minutes under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The medium were then isolated and total plate count were performed to determine the number of bacterial colonies. The same procedure were conducted for preosteoclast cells (after the culture was incubated for 48 hours and the medium was changed and RANKL was added and then incubated again for 24 hours). Results: The number of colonies produced by the interaction of A. actinomycetemcomitans with BMM showed insignificant results (p > 0.05), while the results of the interaction of A. actinomycetemcomitans with preosteoclast cells showed significant results (p < 0.05). The smallest colony comparison was the result of the interaction of A. actinomycetemcomitans with BMM under aerobic conditions (1 : 1,1). Conclusion: The interaction between A. actinomycetemcomitans bacteria with BMM and preosteoclast cells affects the proliferation of A. actinomycetemcomitans where the highest proliferation of A. actinomycetemcomitans occurs when interacting with BMM under aerobic conditions."

"Latar Belakang : Teknik bone engineering dalam rekonstruksi mandibula banyak dilakukan di bidang bedah mulut guna keberhasilan proses rehabilitasi. Penambahan dua hal yang memungkinkan untuk membantu proses penyembuhan adalah dengan bone graft dan penambahan growth factors seperti Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP). Penggunaan bone graft pada defek tulang yang besar dapat membantu penyembuhan luka. Autogenous bone graft merupakan jenis graft yang paling sering digunakan, dikarenakan sifatnya yang osteogenik, osteoconductive dan osteoinductive. Vascularized bone graft merupakan terapi pilihan pada defek mandibula dengan panjang lebih dari 6 cm. Namun non vascularized bone graft juga menjadi pilihan karena memiliki beberapa keuntungan seperti kontur yang lebih baik, memiliki volume tulang yang cukup untuk keperluan estetik atau insersi implan. Serta merupakan terapi pilihan pada defek tulang kurang dari 6 cm. Tetapi resiko resorpsi pada non vascularized bone graft lebih besar. Penambahan PRP yang mengandung banyak growth factor dapat membantu proses rehabilitasi penyembuhan jaringan tulang. Salah satunya TGF-β yang membantu peningkatan jumlah osteoblas untuk penyembuhan jaringan tulang. Pada penelitian ini penambahan PRP pada autogenous bone graft non vascularized diharapkan mampu membantu penyembuhan tulang, dengan melakukan pengamatan pada jumlah osteoblas. Tujuan : Mengevaluasi pengaruh penambahan platelet rich plasma pada penyembuhan tulang mandibula dengan autogenous bone graft dilihat dari jumlah osteoblas (studi pada Ovis Aries) Material dan Metode : Penelitian quasi eksperimental in vivo dengan membagi dua kelompok, kelompok dengan pemberian autogenous bone graft dan kelompok dengan pemberian autogenous bone graft dan penambahan PRP. Kemudian dilakukan evaluasi pengaruh pemberian platelet rich plasma pada penyembuhan tulang mandibula dengan autogenous bone graft dilihat dari jumlah osteoblas (studi pada Ovis Aries) Kesimpulan : Terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara jumlah osteoblas kelompok dengan pemberian autogenous bone graft dan kelompok dengan pemberian autogenous bone graft dan penambahan PR

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Background: Bone engineering techniques in mandibular reconstruction are mostly performed in the field of oral surgery for the success of the rehabilitation process. Two additional things that make it possible to help the healing process are bone graft and the addition of growth factors such as Platelet rich plasma (PRP). The use of bone grafts in large bone defects can aid in wound healing. Autogenous bone graft is the type of graft that is most often used, because of its osteogenik, osteoconductive and osteoinductive properties. Vascularized bone graft is the treatment of choice in mandibular defects longer than 6 cm. However, non-vascularized bone graft is also an option because it has several advantages such as better contours, having sufficient bone volume for aesthetic purposes or implant insertion. And is the treatment of choice for bone defects less than 6 cm. But the risk of resorption in the non-vascularized bone graft is greater. The addition of PRP which contains a lot of growth factors can help the rehabilitation process of healing bone tissue. One of them is TGF-β which helps increase the number of osteoblass for healing bone tissue. In this study, the addition of PRP to non-vascularized autogenous bone graft is expected to be able to help bone healing, by observing the number of osteoblass. Objective: To evaluate the effect of platelet rich plasma administration on the healing of mandibular bone with autogenous bone graft based on the number of osteoblass (study on Ovis Aries). Material and Methods: This in vivo analytical experimental study was divided into two groups, a group with autogenous bone graft and a group with autogenous bone graft and the addition of PRP. Then an evaluation of the effect of platelet rich plasma on the healing of mandibular bone with autogenous bone graft was evaluated from the number of osteoblass (study in Ovis Aries). Conclusion: There is a significant difference between the number of osteoblass in the group with autogenous bone graft and the group with autogenous bone graft and the addition of PRP."

"[ABSTRAKPendahuluan: GCT tulang merupakan lesi jinak tetapi secara lokal dapat bersifat agresif pada daerah epifisis. Angka rekurensi yang tinggi, dilaporkan mencapai 75%. Tumor dapat bermetastasis ke paru (2-9%) dan tercatat 0-37% angka mortalitas akibat metastasis. Beberapa penelitian menghasilkan variasi berbeda penanganan tumor ini terhadap luaran onkologi dan fungsional serta angka kematian paska pembedahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan melaporkan pengalaman dalam penatalaksanaan pembedahan tumor ini dan untuk melihat adanya hubungan antara tatalaksana pembedahan dengan dampak klinis.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan kohort retrospektif, sebanyak 99 pasien GCT tulang menjalani tindakan kuretase ataupun wide resection di Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo pada 1995 - 2014. Luaran onkologi berdasarkan angka rekurensi lokal, metastasis tumor serta mortalitas dan luaran fungsional berdasarkan sistem penilaian Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS).Hasil: Lokasi tumor terutama di distal femur (25,2%). Rekurensi lokal terjadi pada 4 pasien, terutama di distal femur (50%). Rekurensi lokal terjadi seimbang pada wide resection dan kuretase dan secara statistik tidak bermakna (p 0.578, uji eksak Fischer). Tidak dijumpai kejadian rekurensi lokal pada seluruh pasien yang mengalami metastasis. Metastasis terjadi pada kelompok wide resection. Kematian terjadi pada 4 pasien yang mengalami metastasis. Sebagian besar pasien (51,1%) menunjukkan luaran fungsional kategori sangat baik (skor MSTS di atas 75%). Analisis kesintasan bebas rekurensi lokal secara statistik tidak bermakna (p 0.564). Analisis multivariat (regresi Cox) hanya faktor metastasis yang berpengaruh pada mortalitas (p. 0.001)Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara stadium tumor dengan metastasis dan jenis tindakan operasi. Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kejadian rekurensi lokal dan metastasis serta luaran fungsional dengan jenis tindakan operasi.

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ABSTRACTIntroduction: Giant cell tumor of bone is benign lesion with ability to be locally aggressive in epiphysis. Its recurrence rate was reported as high as 75%. Tumor can metastasize to lungs (2-9%) and up to 37% mortality rate due to metastasis. Several studies have reported different rates of local recurrence, lung metastasis, mortality rate, and functional outcome. This study aims to report our experience and analyze the correlation between surgery and clinical findings.Methods: In this retrospective cohort, 99 patients GCT of bone undergone curettage or wide resection in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital during 1995-2014. Oncological outcome were analyzed according to local recurrence rate, metastasis, and mortality rate, while functional outcome were measured according to Musculoskeletal Tumor Society Score (MSTS).Results: Tumor location were predominantly in distal femur (25.2%). Local recurrence were observed in 4 patient and mainly in distal femur (50%). Local recurrence were evenly balanced between surgical curettage and wide resection (50% each) and thus not statistically significant (Exact Fischer, p=0.578). Metastasis were observed in patients who undergone wide resection, however, no significant correlation were found between metastasis incidence and types of surgical intervention (Exact Fischer, p=0.318). Four have died related to metastasis. No local recurrence were observed in patients suffering from metastasis. In more than half of patients (51.5%), the functional status were very good (MSTS >75. Recurrence-free survival analysis not significant statistically (p 0.564).Multivariate analysis (Cox regression) showed that only metastasis was found to be significantly correlated to mortality (p. 0.001).Conclusion: Tumor stage was correlated to metastasis, and type of surgical intervention. No significant correlation were found between local recurrence, metastasis, and functional outcome to types of surgical intervention., Introduction: Giant cell tumor of bone is benign lesion with ability to be locally aggressive in epiphysis. Its recurrence rate was reported as high as 75%. Tumor can metastasize to lungs (2-9%) and up to 37% mortality rate due to metastasis. Several studies have reported different rates of local recurrence, lung metastasis, mortality rate, and functional outcome. This study aims to report our experience and analyze the correlation between surgery and clinical findings.Methods: In this retrospective cohort, 99 patients GCT of bone undergone curettage or wide resection in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital during 1995-2014. Oncological outcome were analyzed according to local recurrence rate, metastasis, and mortality rate, while functional outcome were measured according to Musculoskeletal Tumor Society Score (MSTS).Results: Tumor location were predominantly in distal femur (25.2%). Local recurrence were observed in 4 patient and mainly in distal femur (50%). Local recurrence were evenly balanced between surgical curettage and wide resection (50% each) and thus not statistically significant (Exact Fischer, p=0.578). Metastasis were observed in patients who undergone wide resection, however, no significant correlation were found between metastasis incidence and types of surgical intervention (Exact Fischer, p=0.318). Four have died related to metastasis. No local recurrence were observed in patients suffering from metastasis. In more than half of patients (51.5%), the functional status were very good (MSTS >75. Recurrence-free survival analysis not significant statistically (p 0.564).Multivariate analysis (Cox regression) showed that only metastasis was found to be significantly correlated to mortality (p. 0.001).Conclusion: Tumor stage was correlated to metastasis, and type of surgical intervention. No significant correlation were found between local recurrence, metastasis, and functional outcome to types of surgical intervention.]"

"Tujuan: Membandingkan angka keberhasilan dan kemudahan pemasangan sungkup faring proseal (LMP) yang difasilitasi rokuroniun dosis 0,2 mg/kg bb dengan rokuronium dosis 0.1 mg/kg bb.Metode: Dilakukan uji klinik tersamar ganda pada 48 pasien yang menjalani operasi berencana dengan anesthesia umum. Pasien dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok, yaitu 24 pasien mendapat rokuronium dosis 0,2 mg/kg bb dan 24 pasien lainnya mendapat rokuronium dosis 0,1 mg/kg bb untuk memudahkan pemasangan LMP. Selama penelitian, dilakukan pengamatan frekuensi dan kemudahan upaya pemasangan serta perubahan hemodinamik. Data numerik akan dianalisis dengan uji t serta data nominal dengan uji x-kuadrat dan uji Fisher.Hasil: Tidak ditemukan perbedaan berrnakna pada angka keberhasilan dan kemudahan pemasangan LMP antara kelompok yang mendapatkan rokuronium dosis 0,2 mg/kg bb dengan rokuronium 0,1 mg/kg bb. lnsiden gerakan, batuk dan relaksasi mandibula tidak berbeda bermakna. Satu kasus dari kelompok yang mendapatkan rokuronium dosis 0,1 mg/kg bb gagal dipasang dan mengalami laringospasme.Kesimpulan: Pemberian rokuronium dosis 0,2 mg/kg bb mempunyai angka keberhasilan dan tingkat kemudahan yang sama dalam pemasangan LMP dengan rokuronium dosis 0,1 mg/kg bb.

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Purpose: To compare success rate and ease grade on LMP insertion facilitated with rocuronium 0.2 mg/kgBW with rocuronium 0.1 mg/kgBW.

Methods: We performed a randomized, double-blind study in 48 patients under general anesthesia. Patients were randomized into two groups; 24 patients had rocuronium 0.1 mg/kgBW and others had rocuronium 0.2 mg/kgBW to facilitated LMP insertion. During the research, we observed the success rate and ease grade and also haemodynamic changes. For statistical analysis we used t-test, chi-square test and Fisher's test.

Results: There were no differences in patients who had rocuronium 0.1 mglkgBW and rocuronium 0.2 mg/kgBW to facilitated LMP insertion for success and ease grade. There were no significance in movement incidences; cough and mandibula relaxation. There is one patient from rocuronium 0.1 mg/kgBW group that failed because of laryngospasm.

Conclusion: LMP insertion with rocuronium 0.1 mg/kgBW and rocuronium 0.2 mg/kgBW have the same success rate and ease grade."