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"Studi terkini menyatakan bahwa terdapat sebuah kelompok mikrobiota, yang dapat memberikan efek menguntungkan bagi kesehatan manusia. Kelompok ini dikenal dengan sebutan probiotik. Probiotik didefi nisikan sebagai mikroorganisme hidup, non patogenik, yang bila diberikan dalam jumlah mencukupi, dapat memberikan manfaat kesehatan bagi pejamunya. Pemberian probiotik dapat mengubah komposisi mikrobiota di usus. Berbagai sediaan probiotik mempunyai peranan untuk dapat mencegah berbagai kelainan maupun menyembuhkan sejumlah penyakit. Probiotik telah menunjukkan berbagai manfaat di dalam hal melegakan konstipasi, mempercepat penyembuhan diare, menurunkan resiko kanker kolorektal, menormalkan status nutrisi, dan mengurangi gejala-gejala sindrom usus iritabel, infl ammatory bowel disease, serta intoleransi laktosa. Namun, manfaat-manfaat terkait penggunaan probiotik tersebut bersifat strain spesifi k. Oleh karena itu, untuk dapat memberikan manfaat kesehatan, probiotik harus diberikan dengan menggunakan regimen dosis tertentu untuk masing-masing strain probiotik, berdasarkan studi klinis yang adekuat. Meskipun pada umumnya probiotik bersifat aman, namun pemantauan yang cermat perlu dilakukan pada penggunaan probiotik untuk pasien lansia.

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AbstractRecent studies have reported that there is a group of microbiota, which have been shown to bring benefi cial effects on human?s health. They are called probiotics. Probiotics have been defi ned as live, non pathogenic microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefi t on the host. The administration of probiotics can change the composition of the gut microbiota. Several probiotics preparations seem to have a role in the prevention of certain diseases as well as treatment of various conditions. Probiotics have been shown to be helpful in relieving constipation, promoting recovery from diarrhea, reducing the risks of colorectal cancer, normalizing nutritional status, and improving the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome, infl ammatory bowel disease, and lactose intolerance. However, the benefi ts associated with probiotics are strain specifi c. Therefore, the use of probiotics to confer health benefi ts should indicate the dosage regimens of each probiotics strain, based on adequate clinical trials. Although probiotics are generally regarded as safe, careful monitoring should be performed on the use of probiotics in the elderly patients."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan konsumsi pangan probiotik pada mahasiswi Program Studi Gizi Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Indonesia tahun 2011. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan desain studi cross sectional dan pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan cara sampel jenuh pada mahasiswi Program Studi Gizi seluruh angkatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan konsumsi terakhir pangan probiotik pada > 4 minggu lalu sebesar 37,4%, disusul oleh responden yang mengonsumsi pangan probiotik pada < 2 minggu lalu yakni 34,6%, konsumsi 2-4 minggu lalu sebesar 27,9%. Pihak yang menganjurkan konsumsi adalah inisiatif sendiri yakni 86,3%, sebagian besar mengaku merasakan manfaat dari konsumsi probiotik yakni 56,9%, tidak melihat saran/petunjuk pemakaian produk yakni sebesar 72,1%, dan responden mengkonsumsi dua merek produk pangan probiotik sebesar 50,3%. Rata-rata skor pengetahuan responden mengenai probiotik adalah 38,84 poin dari skor maksimal 80 poin. Sebanyak 44,7% memiliki uang saku Rp.0-Rp 500.000, memiliki skor aktivitas fisik 0,7184, tidak memiliki riwayat konstipasi dalam satu bulan terakhir sebesar 83,1%, dan memiliki rata-rata frekuensi keterpaparan media promosi mengenai probiotik sebanyak 29,15 kali dalam satu bulan. Hubungan yang bermakna hanya ditemui pada variabel aktivitas fisik (p=0,016), sedangkan variabel lainnya tidak memiliki hubungan yang signifikan yakni hubungan konsumsi pangan probiotik sebagai variabel dependent dengan pengetahuan (p=0,173), besar uang saku (p=0,695), riwayat konstipasi dalam satu bulan terakhir (p=0,915), dan media promosi probiotik (p=0,833) sebagai variabel independen. Dibutuhkan penelitian lanjutan pada kelompok usia yang berbeda dengan penambahan variabel penelitian seperti kebiasaan makan.

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This study aims to determine the factors associated with the consumption of probiotic foods in female students of Nutrition Program of Public Health Faculty at the University of Indonesia in 2011. This study is a quantitative study using cross-sectional study design and sampling is done by saturated sampling of students at Nutrition Program Study throughout the year.

The result showed final consumption of probiotic foods in > 4 weeks ago are 37,4%, followed by respondents who consumed probiotic foods at < 2 weeks ago are 34,6%, consumption of 2-4 weeks ago are 27,9%. Students that promote the consumption their own initiative are 86,3%, most claim to feel the benefits of probiotic foods consumption are 56,9%, did not see a suggestion/user of products are 72,1%, and the respondents consume two brands of probiotic food products are 50,3%. An average score of knowledge about probiotics is 38,84 points from 80 maximum points. A total of 44,7% had an allowance (per month) of Rp.0-Rp.500.000, an average score of physical activity are is 0,7184, no history of constipation in the past month are 83,1%, and has an average 29,15 time in a month of exposure to media promotion of probiotics.

A significant association was only found on the variable of physical activity (p=0,016), whereas other variables had no significant relationship which is the relationship of food consumption of probiotic foods as a dependent variable with knowledge, (p=0,173), large pocket money (p=0,695), history of constipation in the past month (p=0,915), and media promotion (p=0,833) as independent variables. Further research is needed in different age groups with the addition of the study variables such as eating habit. "

"Latar Belakang : Influenza Like Illness ILI adalah sekumpulan gejala infeksi influenza yang sulit dibedakan dengan infeksi pernapasan akut lainnya. Prevalensi ILI tertinggi terjadi pada usia lanjut dan sering disertai komplikasi berat hingga kematian. Pada usia lanjut terjadi immunosenescence yang menyebabkan rentan terhadap infeksi. Pengaruh probiotik terhadap sistem imun merupakan salah satu manfaat yang paling diketahui. Pemberian probiotik oral dilaporkan dapat meningkatkan kerja baik imunitas adaptif maupun bawaan. Studi serta penelitian yang menilai mengenai peranan probiotik pada infeksi non intestinal masih terbatas. Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui hubungan probiotik dengan Influenza Like Illness pada populasi usia lanjut. Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan studi kohort retrospektif dengan data sekunder diambil dari penelitian Dr. dr. Sukamto, SpPD, K-AI pada populasi usia lanjut sehat yang terdapat dalam komunitas usia lanjut di Jakarta Timur, pada bulan Juni-Desember 2015. Terdapat dua kelompok yang diberikan probiotik selama 6 bulan dan kelompok tanpa probiotik, serta dilakukan analisis chi square, untuk menilai angka kejadian ILI dan uji t untuk menilai perbedaan rerata durasi terjadinya ILI. Hasil Penelitian : Sebanyak 275 usia lanjut sehat diikutsertakan dalam penelitian ini, 139 usia lanjut pada kelompok probiotik dan 136 usia lajut pada kelompok non probiotik. Kejadian ILI pada kelompok probiotik n= 4 subjek 2,9 dan pada kelompok tanpa probiotik n= 6 subjek 4,4 , nilai p= 0,361, risiko relatif RR sebesar 0,652 dengan interval kepercayaan 95 = 0,188-2,260. Didapatkan durasi ILI pada kelompok probiotik selama 2,75 hari dan kelompok tanpa probiotik selama 4,33 hari, nilai p 0,163. Kesimpulan : Tidak didapatkan perbedaan kejadian ILI antara kelompok probiotik maupun non probiotik, namun didapatkan kecenderungan penurunan durasi ILI pada kelompok probiotik dan risiko ILI lebih rendah pada pemberian probiotik. Kata Kunci : Probiotik, Influenza Like Illness, usia lanjut.

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Background : Influenza Like Illness ILI is a group of influenza infection symptoms that are difficult to distinguish from other acute respiratory infections. The highest prevalence of ILI is in the elderly and is often accompanied by severe complications and death. Immunosenescence occurs in the elderly, that causes susceptibility to infection. The effect of probiotics on the immune system is one of the most known benefits. Oral administration of probiotics reportedly can increase the performance both adaptive and innate immunities. Studies and research that assess the role of probiotics on non intestinal infections are still limited. This study aims to determine the relationship of probiotics and Influenza Like Illness in the elderly population.

Method : This study is a retrospective cohort study with secondary data drawn from the research of Dr. dr. Sukamto, SpPD, K AI in a healthy elderly population contained in the elderly community in East Jakarta, in June to December 2015. There are two groups, probiotic, given for 6 months, and non probiotic groups. Theese two groups were assessed by chi square analytic, to determine the incidence of ILI and t test to determine the mean differences of duration of ILI.

Results : A total of 275 healthy elderly is enrolled in this study, 139 elderly in the probiotic group and 136 elderly in the non probiotic group. The incidence of ILI in the probiotic group, n 4 subjects 2,9 and in the non probiotic group, n 6 subjects 4,4 , p 0.518, relative risk RR 0.652 with 95 confidence interval 0.188 ndash 2.260. The duration of ILI in the probiotic group is 2.75 days and the non probiotic group is 4.33 days, p value 0.163.

Conclusion : There are no differences in the incidence of ILI between probiotic and non probiotic groups, but there is downward trend in the duration of ILI in the probiotic group and a lower risk of ILI in the administration of probiotics. Keywords Probiotics, Influenza Like Illness, Elderly."

"Bacteria in agrobiology : plant probiotics, discusses the current trends and future prospects of beneficial microorganisms acting as probiotics. Topics include the application for the aboveground fitness of plants, in mountain ecosystems, in tropical and Mediterranean forests, and in muga sericulture. Further aspects are Arabidopsis as a model system for the diversity and complexity of plant responses, plant parasitic nematodes, nitrogen fixation and phosphorus nutrition."

"Insiden inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) terus meningkat pada negara berkembang dan dipertimbangkan menjadi penyakit global. Deksametason dipilih karena memiliki efek glukokortikoid yang poten dan anti-inflamasi. Namun, penggunaan kortikosteroid jangka panjang menimbulkan efek samping sistemik sehingga diperlukan sediaan tertarget kolon. Sediaan tertarget kolon dibuat dengan memformulasikan probiotik pada tablet inti yang kemudian disalut dengan penyalut primer dan sekunder. Probiotik berfungsi untuk menjamin pelepasan obat di kolon. Alginat dipilih sebagai penyalut primer karena memiliki sifat biodegradable pada mikroflora kolon, sedangkan kombinasi Eudragit L100 dan Eudragit S100 dipilih sebagai penyalut sekunder karena mampu melindungi obat dari asam. Formulasi tablet inti dilakukan dengan metode granulasi basah, lalu dikempa menjadi tablet. Tablet disalut menggunakan larutan alginat 3% dan larutan campuran Eudragit 10%. Penyalutan dilakukan hingga diperoleh kenaikan bobot sebesar 6,5% untuk alginat dan 8,7% untuk campuran Eudragit. Berdasarkan hasil evaluasi, tablet multisalut F3 memiliki karakteristik dan profil disolusi terbaik. Tablet multisalut F3 memiliki diameter 7,30±0,06 mm; tebal 3,71±0,06 mm; bobot 123,25±1,82 mg; kandungan 104,59±1,63%; kekerasan 14,24±1,30 Kp; keregasan 0,01%, dan kadar 104,18±0,63%. Hasil analisis SEM menunjukkan tablet multisalut memiliki morfologi permukaan dengan pori-pori yang lebih sedikit. Profil uji disolusi menunjukkan tablet multisalut F3 mengalami pelepasan obat yang lebih sedikit pada medium asam dibandingkan formulasi lain.

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The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) increases in developing countries and is regarded as a global disease. Dexamethasone was chosen because it has potent glucocorticoid and anti-inflammatory effects. However, long-term use of corticosteroids causes systemic side effects, so colon-targeted preparations are needed. Colon-targeted drug delivery was made by formulating probiotics in core tablets which are then coated with primary and secondary coatings. Probiotics ensure the release of drugs in the colon. Alginate was chosen as the primary coating because it has biodegradable properties on the colonic microflora. While the combination of Eudragit L100 and Eudragit S100 was selected as the secondary coating because it can protect the drug from acid. Core tablet formulation was carried out by the wet granulation method, then compressed into tablets. Tablets were coated using 3% alginate solution and 10% Eudragit combination solution. Coating was carried out until 6.5% weight gain for alginate, and 8.7% weight gain for Eudragit was obtained. Based on the evaluation results, F3 has the best characteristics and dissolution profile. The multicoated tablet has a diameter of 7.30±0.06 mm, 3.71±0.06 mm of thickness, 123.25±1.82 mg of weight, 104.59±1.63% of content uniformity, 14.24±1.30 Kp of hardness, 0.01% of friability and 104.18±0.63% of drug content. SEM analysis showed that the multicoated tablets had fewer pores. Dissolution test showed that F3 multicoated tablets experienced less drug release in acidic medium than other formulations. "

"Deksametason merupakan glukokortikoid sebagai agen antiinflamasi yang dapat digunakan untuk penyakit radang usus. Namun, deksametason memberikan efek samping jika diberikan secara konvensional. Sistem penghantaran obat tertarget kolon merupakan solusi untuk menghantarkan deksametason ke kolon. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan formulasi tablet multisalut dengan probiotik menggunakan xanthan gum sebagai penyalut primer, serta Eudragit L100 dan Eudragit S100 sebagai penyalut sekunder untuk menghantarkan deksametason menuju kolon. Tablet inti dibuat dengan metode granulasi basah, yang diformulasikan dalam tiga formulasi dengan konsentrasi probiotik berbeda-beda yaitu 16%, 40%, dan 0%. Penyalutan dilakukan sebanyak dua tahap hingga diperoleh penambahan bobot penyalut primer xanthan gum sebesar 7% dan penyalut sekunder Eudragit sebesar 8%. Kemudian tablet dilakukan karakterisasi meliputi uji organoleptis, morfologi, keseragaman ukuran, keragaman bobot, kekerasan, keregasan, keseragaman kandungan, kadar obat, waktu hancur dan profil disolusi in vitro. Jika ditinjau dari kakteristiknya, formulasi F2 merupakan formula terbaik karena memiliki morfologi yang lebih merata, keregasan sebesar 0,043%; kekerasan sebesar 13,28 ± 1,39 kp; keseragaman kandungan sebesar 106,80 ± 1,80%; bobot sebesar 122,82 ± 1,94 mg; dan kadar sebesar 106,18 ± 1,38%. Profil disolusi in vitro formulasi F2 menunjukkan formula terbaik karena lebih mampu menahan pelepasan deksametason dalam medium asam dibandingkan formula lainnya.

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Dexamethasone is a glucocorticoid as an anti-inflammatory agent that can be used for inflammatory bowel disease. However, dexamethasone produces side effects if given conventionally. Colon targeted drug delivery system is a solution to deliver dexamethasone to the colon. This research aimed to obtain a multicoated tablet formulation with probiotics using xanthan gum as primary coating, Eudragit L100, and Eudragit S100 as secondary coatings to deliver dexamethasone to the colon. Core tablets were made using a wet granulation method, which was formulated into three formulations with different concentrations of probiotics, 16%, 40%, 0%. The coatings were prepared into two stages until they got 7% additional weight of xanthan gum on primary layer and 8% extra weight of Eudragit on the secondary layer. Then tablets were characterized based on organoleptic, morphology, size uniformity, weight variation, hardness, friability, content uniformity, drug content, disintegration time, and in vitro dissolution profile. Based on the characteristics of tablets, F2 was the best formula because it had even morphology, friability was 0.043%, hardness was 13.28 ± 1.39 kp, content uniformity was 106,80 ± 1,80%; weight was 122.82 ± 1.94 mg; and drug content was 106.18 ± 1.38%. In vitro dissolution profile of F2 showed the best formula because it was more able to hold the release of dexamethasone in the acidic medium than others."

"Latar Belakang: Beberapa probiotik menunjukkan manfaat dalam mempersingkat durasi dan mengurangi kejadian diare dan dapat meningkatkan status gizi. Namun, informasi mengenai efek jangka panjang pada integritas usus dan pertumbuhan masih terbatas.Metode: Studi tindak lanjut tahun ke-10 ini dilakukan pada 155 remaja usia 11-18 tahun yang pernah mengikuti studi intervensi pemberian susu rendah laktosa yang mengandung kalsium dosis regular (440 mg/hari) sebagai kelompok kontrol, kalsium dosis regular + probiotik Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 (Kelompok Reuteri), dan kalslium dosis regular + probiotik Lactobacillus casei CRL 431 (Kelompok Casei). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi integritas usus, pertumbuhan, dan morbiditas setelah jangka waktu 10 tahun dari subjek penelitian sebelumnya. Integritas usus dinilai dengan memeriksa rasio laktulosa/manitol, dengan nilai cut off untuk integritas usus yang baik adalah ≤ 0,1. Sedangkan status pertumbuhan dinilai menggunakan nilai Z-score TB/U dan IMT/U.Hasil: Rerata usia subjek penelitian adalah 15.3 tahun, dengan nilai median rasio laktulosa manitol adalah 0,23, dengan proporsi untuk status integritas usus buruk sebesar 87,1 %. Rerata nilai Z-score TB/U adalah -1,11, dan rerata nilai Z-score IMT/U adalah -0,15. Terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan nilai Z-score TB/U antara kelompok Casei dibandingkan dengan kontrol (p = 0,045) dan juga antara kelompok Reuterii dibandingkan dengan kontrol (p = 0,034). Tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan dalam status integritas usus, BMIZ, dan morbiditas antara 3 kelompok perlakuan (p = 0,454; p = 0,565; p = 0,086 masing-masing).Kesimpulan: Probiotik pada anak dapat ditoleransi dengan baik dan mendukung pertumbuhan normal hingga remaja. Efek signifikan dari suplementasi probiotik masa kanak-kanak terlihat pada nilai Z-score TB/U, sementara tidak ada efek signifikan pada integritas usus, nilai Z-score IMT/U, dan morbiditas pada remaja.

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Background: Some probiotics showed benefits in shortening the duration and reducing the incidence of diarrhea and may improve nutritional status. However, information on its long-term effects on intestinal integrity and growth is still limited.

Method: This 10th year follow-up study was conducted in 155 adolescents aged 11-18 years who had participated in an intervention study given low-lactose milk containing regular-dose calcium (440 mg/day) as a control group, regular calcium dose + probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 (Reuteri group), and regular doses of calcium + probiotics Lactobacillus casei CRL 431 (Casei group). The objective of the current study was to evaluate gut integrity, growth, and morbidity through 10 years of age in participants from the previous trial study. Gut integrity was assessed by examining the ratio of lactulose/mannitol, with the cut off value for good intestinal integrity is ≤ 0.1. While growth status was assessed using the value of height-for-age Z-score (HAZ) and BMI-for-age Z-score (BMIZ).

Results: The average age of the study subjects was 15.3 years, with the median lactulose mannitol ratio was 0.23. Of the 155 adolescents who participated the study, 135 (87.1 %) had poor intestinal integrity. Mean value for HAZ was -1.11, and the mean value for BMIZ was -0.15. There was significant difference in HAZ between Casei group compared to control (p = 0.045) and also between Reuterii group compared to control (p = 0.034). There was no significant difference in intestinal integrity status, BMIZ, and morbidity among 3 treatment groups (p = 0.454; p = 0.565; p = 0,086 respectively).

Conclusion: Childhood probiotics are well tolerated and support normal growth until adolescence. Significant effect of childhood probiotic supplementation was seen on HAZ, while no significant effect on intestinal integrity, BMIZ, and morbidity in adolescence."

"Indonesia is the second largest supplier of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei, Boone 1931) in the USA market. Hence, the need for its sustainable production and improved growth. Probiotics, among others, are known for their growth enhancing attributes. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effects of powder and liquid probiotics on the growth of white shrimps at the Minaloka Jaya shrimp ponds, Grabag District, Purwerojo Regency, Central Java. The shrimps were cultivated for 60 days and applied with three probiotic treatments, namely commercial liquid probiotics with dosage of 10 mL/kg feed, powder probiotics with dosage of 10 g/kg feed and liquid probiotic with dosage of 10 mL/kg feed. Each probiotic preparation was administered four times a day to over 150,000 vannamei shrimps which were cultured in a semi-intensive system. Probiotics in powder and liquid forms contain Lactobacillus fermentum, L acidophilus, L. plantarum, L, curvatus, Bacillus licheniformis, B. subtilis, and B. polimyxa. B. megaterium, B. coagulans, Pseudomonasputida, Nitrosomonas sp. and Nitrobacter sp. Using the Randomized Block Design (RBD), the three treatments were replicated five times. The application of probiotics in both powder and liquid forms had increased the growth yield of the vannamei shrimp. However, the powder probiotic had shown better growth performance than the commercial liquid probiotics and liquid preparation of probiotics. Probiotic powder form provides a specific growth rate (SGR) of 8.18%, absolute body length of 9.68 cm, absolute biomass of 6.78 g, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of 1.93."

"Probiotik memiliki peranan penting pada saluran pencernaan manusia dalam meningkatkan kesehatan manusia, salah satu contohnya yaitu Bifidobacterium sp, bakteri ini banyak ditemukan terutama pada saluran cerna balita. Analisis isolasi Bifidobacterium sp. dari feses balita penting untuk dilakukan untuk penelitian mengenai kesehatan pencernaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa probiotik Bifidobacterium sp. dari feses balita di Indonesia menggunakan medium MRS-NPNL. Sampel diinkubasi pada suhu 37oC secara anaerob selama 72 jam. Dengan melakukan metode pewarnaan Gram dan analisis mikroskopik, morfologi koloni pada isolasi bakteri dianalisis secara visual. Selanjutnya, identifikasi molekular dilakukan dengan melakukan sekuens DNA PCR pada isolat Gram negatif dan berbentuk batang. Terdapat tiga isolat dipilih dan tidak ada satu pun yang teridentifikasi sebagai bifidobakteri melalui BLAST. Bakteri yang teridentifikasi yaitu Escherichia coli dan Enterococcus faecium.

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Probiotic has an important role in human gastrointestinal tract to improve human health, for example bacteria Bifidobacterium sp, this bacteria mostly found in toddler intestine. The enumeration of Bifidobacterium sp. from toddler feces is important for studies of bowel health. This study aimed to analyze the probiotic Bifidobacterium sp. from toddler feses in Indonesia using MRS-NPNL medium. Samples were incubated at 37oC anaerobically for 72 hour. By performing Gram staining method and microscopy analysis, the colonies morphology of isolated bacteria were visually inspected. Furthermore, molecular identification was carried out by PCR DNA sequencing of these colony isolate that has similar shape as bifidobacteria. Three isolates were choosen and none of them identified as bifidobacteria by performing BLAST. Those bacteria identified as Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecium."

"Latar Belakang. Cairan rehidrasi oral dan zinc telah menjadi terapi standar dalam tata laksana diare akut pada anak. Probiotik sudah digunakan secara luas pada kasus diare akut pada anak meskipun belum direkomendasikan oleh WHO. Penelitian yang membandingkan penambahan probiotik pada terapi standar masih sangat terbatas.Tujuan. Mengetahui efektivitas pemberian suplementasi probiotik pada terapi standar diare akut. Metode. Penelitian uji klinis acak tersamar ganda dilakukan pada anak usia 6 bulan sampai 36 bulan dengan diare akut tanpa dehidrasi dan dehidrasi ringan sedang, yang dilakukan di kelurahan Kenari, Jakarta Pusat antara bulan Oktober 2011 sampai Februari 2012. Kelompok perlakuan diberikan terapi standar ditambah probiotik Lactobacillus rhamnosus R0011 1.9 x 109 cfu dan Lactobacillus acidophilus R0052 0.1 x 109 cfu, sedangkan kelompok kontrol diberikan terapi standar dan plasebo. Luaran yang dinilai adalah durasi diare dan frekuensi defekasi. Penelitian ini bersifat intention to treat analysis. Hasil. Total 112 subjek masuk dalam penelitian, terdiri dari 56 subjek mendapat terapi standar ditambah probiotik, dan 56 subjek hanya terapi standar. Median lama durasi diare setelah terapi pada kelompok perlakuan yaitu 68,5 jam sedangkan pada kelompok kontrol 61,5 jam (p=0,596). Median frekuensi defekasi pada kelompok perlakuan yaitu 5 kali, sedangkan pada kelompok kontrol 5,5 kali (p=0,795). Simpulan. Pada penelitian ini tidak ditemukan penurunan durasi diare dengan penambahan probiotik pada terapi standar. Meskipun kelompok perlakuan memiliki frekuensi defekasi yang lebih sedikit dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol, namun perbedaan tersebut tidak bermakna.

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Background. Oral rehydration solution and zinc have been used as standard therapy for treating acute diarrhea in children. Probiotics are widely used in treatment of acute diarrhea in children, although it has not been recommended by WHO. Studies comparing supplementation of probiotics to standard therapy are still limited.

Objectives. To know the efficacy of probiotic supplementation to standard therapy in acute diarrhea.

Methods. A randomized double blind clinical trial was performed in children aged 6-36 months with acute diarrhea without dehydration or mild to moderate dehydration in Kenari sub district, central Jakarta, between October 2011 until Februari 2012. Supplemented group was given standard therapy and probiotics Lactobacillus rhamnosus R0011 1.9 x 109 cfu and Lactobacillus acidophilus R0052 0.1 x 109 cfu, while control group was given standard therapy and placebo. The outcomes were duration of diarrhea and frequency of defecation. Stool frequency was recorded daily until resolution of diarrhea. The analysis was based on intention to treat.

Results. A total of 112 subjects were included in the study, consisted of 56 subjects in supplemented group and 56 subjects in control group. Median duration of diarrhea in supplemented group was 68,5 hours while in the control group was 61,5 hours (p=0,596). Median frequency of defecation in supplemented group was 5 times, while in the control group was 5,5 times (p=0,795).

Conclusion. This study did not find shorter duration of diarrhea with supplementation of probiotics to standard therapy. Although supplemented group had lower frequency of defecation compared to control group, the difference was not significant."