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"Some diseases, such as cancer, hereditary and genetic diseases, as well as viral infectious diseases, have been treated unsatisfied by the conventional therapy so far, and even more, by the gene therapy. Together sixth the pharmaceutical industries, researchers put their best effort to hunt some molecules that can be mow favorable for such kind of therapy. After a pivotal study reported in May, 2001, it is certain that Ribonucleic acid (RNA) could effectively silence gene expression in mammalian cell line, SQ it was then proposed in 2004 the term RNA therapeutics. Antisense RNA therapy which came into the atage earlier seemed to be the one that can answer all the problems in knocking out the unwanted messenger in gate expression. RNA interference (RNAi) concept, which came later us around 2QOQ, began to look like a possible contender. It was reported some studies that RNAi seem to have some more advantages over hath stronger gene-silencing effects and greater ease of use. However, the main obstacle of all kind of gene therapy is, undoubtedly, on the delivery of this molecule to enter the target eel!, and mostly to where it is needed most inside the body. Some studies on genetic Material delivery system have been reported, and their progress has been discussed."

"Some diseases, such as cancer, hereditary and genetic diseases, as well as viral infectious diseases, have been treated unsatisfied by the conventional therapy so far, and even more, by the gene therapy. Together with the pharmaceutical industries, researchers put their best effort to hunt some molecules that can be more favorable forsuch kind of therapy. After a pivotal study reported in May, 2001, it is certain that Ribonucleic acid (RNA) could effectively silence gene expression in mammalian cell line, so it was then proposed in 2004 the term RNA therapeutics. Antisense RNA therapy which came into the stage earlier seemed to be the one that can answer all theproblems in knocking out the unwanted messenger in gene expression. RNA interference (RNAi) concept, which came later in around 2000, began to look like a possible contender. It was reported in some studies that RNAi seems to have some more advantages over both stronger gene-silencing effects and greater ease of use. However, themain obstacle of all kind of gene therapy is, undoubtedly, on the delivery of this molecule to enter the target cell, and mostly, to where it is needed most inside the body. Some studies on genetic material delivery system have been reported, and theirprogress has been discussed."

"Halitosis is a general term denoting unpleasant breath arising from mouth, where odorous breath components could be originated from intraoral and/or extraoral. Classification includes genuine halitosis, pseudo-halitosis and halitophobia. Local and systemic factor play role in the process of halitosis. Diagnosis of halitosis can be made by analysing the degree and type of the presence of volatile compounds, as well as the identification of microbial components. Currentlyavailable treatments of halitosis includes local (mechanic and chemical) and systemic (probiotic) approaches. Probiotic is a new therapeutic approach for halitosis. Development of available probiotic-based halitosis treatments is significantly progressing and is overviewed herein."

"Pendahuluan: Kolik infantil adalah salah satu gangguan saluran cerna fungsional yang cukup banyak ditemukan pada bayi dibawah usia 6 bulan dengan prevalens sekitar 20%. Meskipun keadaan ini bersifat self-limiting, bila tidak ditangani dengan baik dapat mempengaruhi kualitas hidup bayi dikemudian hari. Diagnosis dan tata laksana menjadi hal penting. Kriteria diagnosis yang dipakai saat ini adalah Kriteria Rome IV yang dipublikasi pada tahun 2016 sebagai revisi kriteria sebelumnya. Data mengenai pemahaman kolik infantil berdasarkan Kriteria Rome IV dan tata laksana bayi dengan kolik infantil oleh dokter spesialis anak di Indonesia belum pernah dilaporkan. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengisi celah informasi tersebut. Metode: Peneliti menggunakan kuesioner untuk mengetahui pengetahuan dan pendekatan terapi para dokter spesialis anak terhadap kolik infantil. Kuesioner dibagikan kepada sampel yang dipilih secara acak. Skor pengetahuan dan perilaku dianalisis dengan menggunakan variabel lama pengalaman klinis, akreditasi institutsi, tempat praktek, dan sumber informasi. Analisis dilakukan dengan SPSS 20.0. Hasil: 75 dari 131 (57.3%) dokter anak mengaku sudah menggunakan Rome IV pada praktek sehari-hari, dari mana mean skor mereka adalah 14.24±3.32 dari total 20 poin. Rata-rata skor pengetahuan adalah 14.38±3.17 dari 20 dan skor pendekatan terapi adalah 11.50±2.80 dari 16. Kesimpulan: Tidak ditemukan hubungan yang signifikan antara variable dengan skor pengetahuan maupun pendekatan terapi. Hasil pengetahuan dan pendekatan dokter spesialis anak terhadap kolik infantil masih belum optimal, sehingga masih perlu disiapkan sarana pembelajaran efektif oleh pihak yang berkepentingan demi meningkatkan capaian yang ada saat ini.

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Introduction: Infant colic is one many FGIDs that occur in infants under 6 months with an approximate prevalence of 20%. Even though this condition is self-limiting in nature, inappropriate therapy does affect the babys quality of life in the future. Hence, diagnosis and therapeutic approach becomes essential. The diagnostic criteria currently used is Rome IV which was published in 2016 as an update of the previous version. Unfortunately, data regarding Indonesian pediatricians understanding of infant colic according to Rome IV criteria and their therapeutic approach in managing infant colic has not been reported. Hence this research was conducted to fill in those gaps in information.

Methods: Researcher uses questionnaire aimed at assessing pediatricians knowledge and therapeutic approach towards the management of infant colic. The questionnaire were then given out to samples which were randomly selected. The scores of both knowledge and therapeutic approach are analyzed with variables which are: years of clinical experience, institution accreditation, place of practice, and source of information. The analysis was performed using SPSS 20.0.

Results: 75 out of 131 (57.3%) pediatrician claims to have use Rome IV in their daily practice, from which mean score were 14.24±3.32 of a total 20 points. Mean of knowledge score is 14.38±3.17 out of 20 and mean of therapeutic approach score is 11.50±2.80 out of 16.

Conclusion: There were no significant relationship between the other variables with the knowledge nor behavior scores. The results of pediatricians knowledge and approach towards infant colic was not optimal yet, so those with interest must improve the means for effective learning to allow improvement better that what is now achieved."

"Upaya promosi kesehatan jiwa sejak masa anak-anak penting untuk meningkatkan kualitas sumber daya manusia Indonesia. Karya ilmiah akhir ini bertujuan menggambarkan hasil penerapan terapi kelompok terapeutik anak toddler dengan memberdayakan ibu dan kader kesehatan jiwa. Metode yang digunakan adalah penerapan terapi kelompok terapeutik dalam program Community Mental Health Nursing. Terapi kelompok terapeutik dapat meningkatkan pencapaian tugas perkembangan kemandirian anak, kemampuan ibu dalam menstimulasi perkembangan anak toddler secara holistik (motorik, kognitif, bahasa, emosikepribadian, moral-spiritual, psikososial), dan kemampuan kader kesehatan jiwa membantu keluarga untuk memfasilitasi perkembangan kemandirian anak toddler. Perawat Jiwa di Puskesmas dapat menerapkan terapi kelompok terapeutik dengan memberdayakan ibu, keluarga, dan kader kesehatan jiwa.

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Mental health promotion in toddlerhood has important role to improve of Indonesian human resource quality. This scientific report describes implementation of toddler’s group therapeutic therapy by empowering mother and mental health cadre. The method used is toddler’s group therapeutic therapy in community mental health nursing program. The result showed the therapy could promote the achievement of autonomy in toddlerhood, the mothers’ ability in stimulating the holistic development of the toddlers (motoric, cognitive, language, emotion, personality, morale – spiritual, and psychosocial), and mental health cadre’s ability to help toddler’s family for otonomy development achievement. Mental health nurses in primary health care can implement the group therapeutic therapy by mother and mental health cadre empowerment."

"Remaja merupakan periode transisi dari masa anak ke masa dewasa yang ditandai dengan percepatan perkembangan fisik, mental dan emosional. Tujuan penulisan karya ilmiah akhir ini adalah diketahuinya hasil penerapan terapi kelompok terapeutik sebagai bentuk stimulasi perkembangan remaja dengan pendekatan model Stuart dan model promosi kesehatan. Kelompok pertama 16 orang diberikan terapi kelompok terapeutik, pendidikan kesehatan dan pemberdayaan kader, kelompok dua 9 orang diberikan terapi kelompok terapeutik dan pemberdayaan kader saja. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan peningkatan terhadap kemampuan remaja dalam menstimulasi perkembangan dan perkembangan identitas diri lebih tingi pada kelompok yang diberikan terapi kelompok terapeutik, pendidikan kesehatan keluarga dan pemberdayaan kader. Terapi kelompok terapeutik direkomendasikan untuk dilakukan pada tatanan pelayanan kesehatan jiwa di masyarakat dengan melibatkan keluarga dan kader kesehatan jiwa untuk mencapai perkembangan remaja yang lebih optimal.

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Adolescent is a period of transition from childhood to adulthood which is characterized by the acceleration of the development of physical, mental and emotional. The purpose of writing this paper is known the result of the application of group therapy as a form of therapeutic stimulation of adolescent development with approach of Stuart models and models of health promotion. The first group of 16 people given therapeutic group therapy, health education and empowerment of cadres, the second group 9 people given therapeutic group therapy and empowerment cadre only.

The results showed a higher increase in the ability to stimulate the development and adolescent identity development in the group given therapeutic group therapy, family health education and empowerment cadres. Therapeutic group therapy is recommended to be applied in order of mental health services in the community by involving families and mental health workers to achieve a more optimal adolescent development."