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Hasil Pencarian

Ditemukan 141236 dokumen yang sesuai dengan query
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Andi
"Dalam penelitian ini, arkaea termoasidofil diisolasi dari sumber mata air panas bersulfur di Kawah Domas, Tangkuban Perahu. Isolat KD1 sampai KD3 diambil dengan kondisi pH 2 dan temperatur antara 52 dan 57 oC. Kultur diatur untuk mendukung pembiakan Thermoplasma dikarenakan dalam habitat alami tersebut terdapat beberapa mikroorganisme ekstremofilik lainnya (spesies Sulfolobus, Bacillus acidocaldarius) sehingga mikroorganisme lainnya terseleksi. Themoplasma dari alam yang terdapat di Kawah Domas bertumbuh dengan kondisi anaerob-autorof dengan bantuan elemental sulfur, namun di dalam laboratorium Thermoplasma ini mampu bertumbuh secara mikroareofil-heterotrof di dalam kultur yang ditambahkan glukosa dan yeast extract Difco dengan keasaman diatur menggunakan asam sulfat. Kondisi pembiakan laboratorium tadi diatur pada temperatur 55±2 oC and pH 1.5-2 di dalam medium Freundt melalui serial transfer sampai beberapa generasi agar terpilih spesies Thermoplasma. Mikroaerasi diatur dengan menggunakan kanula jarum suntik yang ditancapkan pada tutup botol kultur. Sebelum pengkulturan, medium dan komponen tambahan tersebut dibagi ke dalam botol dengan volume 300 mL dan disterilisasi pada 121 oC di dalam autoclave. Laju pertumbuhan kultur dipantau menggunakan spektrofotometer melalui nilai densitas optisnya pada panjang gelombang 578 nm dan kondisi mikroskopisnya menggunakan mikroskop beda fase. Jumlah sel tiap mililiter dihitung menggunakan kamar hitung Neubauer. Kurva pertumbuhan dibuat untuk tiga generasi kultur dari isolat KD3. Sel dipanen pada fase logaritma akhir setelah 150-200 jam pada nilai densitas optis 0.35. Pengamatan mikroskop beda fase menunjukkan 57.5 x 106 sel Thermoplasma tiap mililiter, berbentuk telur mata sapi dengan rata-rata ukuran diameternya 1.2 μm. Tidak ada kontaminasi mikroorganisme lain yang ditemukan, khususnya Bacillus acidocladarius yang dalam eksperimen ini tidak ditemukan. Dari sel yang dipanen, dilakukan ekstraksi total lipid membrannya, cairan organik diuapkan dalam rotavapor dan pola lipid yang dianalisis menggunakan kromatografi lapis tipis menunjukkan pola karakteristik spesies Thermoplasma.
Kesimpulan: Dari isolat Kawah Domas, spesies Thermoplasma dapat dikultur secara selektif seperti ditunjukkan oleh mikroskop beda fase dan menggunakan kromatografi lapis tipis yang menunjukkan pola lipid yang khas pada membrannya.

In this study, thermoacidophilic archaea were isolated from hot acidic sulfur springs in Kawah Domas, Tangkuban Perahu. Isolates KD1 to KD3 were taken at pH 2 and temperatures between 52 and 57 oC. From the variety of extremophilic microorganisms in such habitat (e.g., Thermoplasma species, Sulfolobus species, Bacillus acidocaldarius), selective cultures with optimum conditions for the growth of Thermoplasma species were applied. Wild type Thermoplasma at Kawah Domas is growing anaerobic-autotrophically on elemental sulfur, but is able to grow microaerophilic-heterotrophically in culture with glucose and Difco yeast extract in sulfuric acid. The latter growth conditions were chosen at 55±2oC and pH 1.5-2 in Freundt’s medium through serial transfer for several generations to select Thermoplasma species. For micro-aeration, a syringe cannula was inserted into the rubber top of the culture bottles. Prior to culture, the medium and additional components were divided into 300 mL bottles and sterilized at 121 oC in an autoclave. Culture growth was monitored photometrically by OD at 578 nm and by phase contrast microscopy. The number of cells per mL of culture was counted in a Neubauer chamber. Growth curves were plotted for three culture generations of isolate KD3. Cells were harvested in late log-phase after 150 - 200 hours at OD 0.35. Phase contrast microscopy showed 57.5 x 106 Thermoplasma cells per mL, typically “fried-egg” shaped with an average size of 1.2 μm in diameter. No contamination by other microorganisms could be found, especially Bacillus acidocaldarius was not present. From harvested cells, total membrane lipids were extracted, organic solvents evaporated in a rotavapor and the lipid pattern analysed by thin layer chromatography showing a lipid pattern characteristic of Thermoplasma species.
Conclusion: From Kawah Domas isolates, Thermoplasma species could be cultured selectively as demonstrated by phase contrast microscopy and by thin layer chromatography with the characteristic membrane lipid pattern.
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Depok: Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Indonesia, 2013
S47654
UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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"Tangkuban Perahu mount crater is the most popular tourist attraction in West Java. It is easily accessible by car to reach the creater. However, the present development does not reflect the needs of tourist for a better facilitation as a tourist object. Some of the facilities seem have been abandoned for a long time, that grass had grown wildly and left the place without any care. On the other hand, tourists still need more space and facilities to accommodate their activities. This seems to be unfortunate for the object that nobody care about it. The demands for improvement from visiting tourists continuously growing but the idea satisfy their needs seem far away. Now it is the time for the management to re-thinking this matter carefully. Whether they will fulffil the tourist needs nor ignore it, and the consquence is very clear, tourist will try to find another object to satisfy their needs.
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JUKIN 2:1 (2007)
Artikel Jurnal  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Ratna Nawang Sari
"Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis risiko-risiko yang perlu dipertimbangkan bagi investor terkait pengembangan proyek pembangkit listrik energi terbarukan panas bumi dan mengukur besaran pengaruh penerapan simulasi Monte Carlo dalam pengambilan keputusan. Dari analisis yang dilakukan terhadap investasi proyek pembangunan energi terbarukan panas bumi 110 MW, ada 4 parameter risiko karena potensi nilainya yang dapat berubah-ubah dan dianggap sangat berpengaruh terhadap analisis tingkat kelayakan proyek yakni inflasi, capacity factor, jadwal pelaksanaan proyek dan struktur pembiayaan.
Dengan memperhitungkan tingkat probabilitas risiko most likely scenario menggunakan simulasi Monte Carlo, diperoleh hasil bahwa proyek tidak layak dilakukan. Hasil analisis proyek dengan memperhitungkan risiko memberikan nilai Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR) dan Profitability Index (PI) yang lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan analisis kelayakan proyek tanpa memperhitungkan risiko. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa analisis risiko sangat berperan terhadap analisis tingkat kelayakan proyek. Analisis juga dilakukan untuk melihat potensi kelayakan proyek melalui skenario optimis dengan probabilitas risiko rendah serta skenario dengan memasukan perubahan harga listrik dalam perhitungan arus kas.
Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa skenario optimis masih menghasilkan NPV negatif. Proyek dikatakan layak untuk diimplementasikan apabila harga listrik panas bumi yang diperoleh sedikitnya IDR 685/kWh dengan memperhitungkan analisis resiko dalam perhitungan arus kas. Sehingga analisis risiko menggunakan simulasi Monte Carlo disarankan dalam melakukan analisis kelayakan proyek agar memberikan hasil analisis kelayakan proyek yang konservatif untuk dapat digunakan investor dalam pengambilan keputusan.

This study was conducted to analyze the risks for investors to consider project related to the development of renewable energy geothermal power plant and measure the magnitude effect of the application of Monte Carlo simulation in decision making. Based on the study carried out to 110 MW geothermal renewable energy, there are four parameters that serve as a potential risk factor and considered to be very influential on the analysis of feasibility of the project, which are inflation, capacity factor, project schedule and finacing structure.
Taking into account the risk using Monte Carlo simulation, the result shows that the project is not feasible. Result of Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR) and Profitability Index (PI) by taking into account risk analysis is lower than project feasibility analysis without taking risks. It demonstrates that risk analysis having great influence for project return. Analysis was also conducted to assess the potential feasibility of the project through an optimistic scenario with a low probability of risk and scenario by including changes in electricity prices in the cash flow calculation.
The analysis shows that the optimistic scenario still produces a negative NPV. The project is feasible to implement if the price of geothermal power obtained at least IDR 685 / kWh by taking into account the risk analysis in the calculation of cash flow. Hence, risk analysis using Monte Carlo simulation is suggested in the analysis of project feasibility study in order to provide conservative result to the investor for decision-making.
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Depok: Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Indonesia, 2015
T-Pdf
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Rafita Anggraini
"ABSTRAK
Mikroalga biasanya hanya dimanfaatkan sebagai pakan ikan. Kandungan minyak mikroalga mengandung EPA dan DHA. Selain minyak, mikroalga juga mengandung protein dan karbohidrat yang dapat dijadikan sumber pangan dengan gizi yang baik. Saat ini, sedang marak dilakukan penelitian guna mencari cara memperoleh minyak secara optimum. Untuk memperoleh minyak dari mikroalga ada beberapa metode salah satunya adalah dengan menggunakan metode ultrasonik. Kadar minyak yang dihasilkan berbeda-beda sesuai dengan pelarut yang digunakan. Waktu memanen biomassa mikroalga juga perlu diperhitungkan agar dapat diperoleh biomassa yang maksimal. Scenedesmus sp. dapat dipanen pada hari ke 13 dan Coelastrum sp. dapat dipanen pada hari ke 10.

ABSTRACT
Microalgae are usually used as fish feed. The content of microalga oil containing EPA and DHA. Microalgae also contains protein and carbohydrate that can be used as a source of food with good nutrition. Currently, many research is being done to find way to get optimum oil. There are several methods to obtain oil, one of that is ultrasonic method. The oil produced varies according to the solvent. Harvesting time of microalgae biomass also considered in order to obtain the maximum biomass. Scenedesmus sp. can be harvested on 13th day and Coelastrum sp. on 10th day."
2016
S63436
UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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[Fakultas Teknik Universitas Indonesia, ], [2007, 2007]
S38108
UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Zessinda Luthfa
"Thermoplasma acidophilum adalah jenis arkaea yang mampu beradaptasi di lingkungan ekstrim, yaitu pH 1- 4 dan temperatur antara 39oC dan 59oC (Freisleben et al., 1994). Karena organisme ini tidak memiliki dinding sel, maka membran sel ini harus tahan dan stabil untuk melindungi sitoplasma terhadap pengaruh lingkungan. Cincin siklopentana dan eter berkontribusi sebagai stabilitas struktural tetraether lipid (TEL) dalam konstituen membran.
Pada studi ini, membran TEL yang berdimensi 4x1x1 Å dimodelkan dengan menggunakan model pelarut implisit GBSW. Selain itu diberikan pengaruh temperatur (312 dan 332 K), pH (1 dan 4), dan jumlah cincin siklopentana (no l , tiga, dan lima NCC dilambangkan, TCC, LCC, masing- masing) yang kemudian disimulasikan se lama 100 ps.
Hasilnya, dianalisis berdasarkan pada struktur, energi interaksi, dan RMSD dari se luruh atom di dalamnya. Berdasarkan ketiga variasi yang digunakan, maka membran dengan kandungan cincin s iklopentana disimulasikan denga n empat keadaan: keadaan A (pH 4;T=312K), B (pH 4;T=332K), C (pH 1,5;T=312K), dan D (pH 1,5;T=332K). Jarak antara gugus kepala (bagian hidrofobik) merupakan ketebalan dari struktur membran, berada pada 21- 23A (konsisten dengan Stern et al., 1992) dengan nilai terpanjang dimiliki oleh membrane NCC dan terpendek LCC. Sedangkan berdasarkan perhitungan energi interaksi, energi ikatan terendah dan RMSD dari se luruh atom paling kecil dimiliki oleh membran LCC di keadaan D (81,03 kkal/mol dan 8,13 Å). Nilai tersebut sesuai dengan kondisi kultur pertumbuhannya (pH 1,5 dan 59oC) dan beberapa hasil eksperimen (Ernst et al., 1998, Shimada et al., 2008, dan N icolas, 2005) yang menunjukkan bahwa secara biologis dan model membran TEL stabil dalam kondisi ekstrim dengan temperatur tinggi dan pH rendah.

Thermoplasma acidophilum is an archaeon able to grow in extreme conditions of pH 1- 4 and temperatures between 39 and 59oC (Freisleben et al., 1994). Since the organism lacks a cell wall, the cell membrane must be resistant and stable to protect the cytoplasm from life- threatening environmental influences. Pentacycles and ether bonds contribute to the structural stability of tetraether lipids (TEL) as membrane constituents.
In this work, molecular dynamic simulations of TEL membrane with 4x1x1 dimension is used as an implicit solvent GBSW model .The influence of temperature (312 and 332 K), pH (1 and 4), and the number of pentacycles ( none, three, and five denoted NCC, TCC, LCC, respectively ) is simulated at 100 ps.
Analysis is based on the structure, interaction energy, and RMSD of all atoms and with these three variations, a model with four membrane states is established for each number of pentacycles: State A (pH 4; T =312K), state B (pH 4 ;T =332K), state C (pH 1.5;T =312K), and state D (pH 1.5 ; T =332K). The distance between the polar head groups denoting the thickness of the hydrophobic membrane moiety of all different structures is obtained between 21-23Å (consistent with Stern et al., 1992). NCC exerts the longest and LCC the shortest distance. Based on interaction energy calculations, the lowest bond energy and RMSD of all atoms is obtained for LCC at state D (81.03 kcal/mol and 8.13 Å).
This result is consistent with culture growth conditions at pH 1.5 and 59oC and experimental studies, which show the stability of biological and model TEL membranes in extre m e conditions of high temperature and low pH (Ernst et al., 1998, Shimada et al., 2008, and N icolas, 2005)."
Depok: Universitas Indonesia, 2012
S-Pdf
UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Ridza Aziz
Jakarta: Multi Donor Fund UNDP, 2009
361.8 RID k
Buku Teks  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Ronny
"ABSTRAK
Pasien mikosis meningkat sejalan dengan bertambahnya populasi imunokompromi. Pengetahuan tentang jamur penyebab dan respons terhadap antijamur penting dalam tatalaksana mikosis yang dipengaruhi oleh geografi, sehingga penting untuk menelitinya sesuai wilayah dalam hal ini Jakarta. Penelitian bersifat retrospektif dilakukan di Laboratorium Parasitologi FKUI dengan meneliti data tahun 2004-2015. Didapatkan 16478 isolat dari 14707 bahan klinis. Golongan khamir terbanyak adalah C. albicans, C. tropicalis dan C. parapsilosis, sementara golongan kapang adalah Aspergillus dan Fusarium. Sebagian besar khamir peka terhadap flukonazol dan Aspergillus seluruhnya peka terhadap vorikonazol. sebagian besar uji kepekaan khamir peka terhadap itrakonazol sedangkan kepekaan kapang hanya sekitar 50 peka.
ABSTRACT Patients with mycosis rise along with increasing number of immunocompromised population. Awareness to causative fungi and its susceptibility to antifungals is important in mycoses treatment which is influenced by geographic conditions, so investigation by region is needed, in this case Jakarta. Retrospective study was conducted to investigate data at Parasitology laboratory FKUI from 2004 2015. There were 16,478 isolates obtained from 14,707 clinical specimens. The most common yeasts are C. albicans, C. tropicalis and C. parapsilosis, whereas Aspergillus and Fusarium were the most common mold. Most of the yeasts are sensitive to fluconazole and itraconazole, the whole Aspergillus are sensitive to voriconazole, whereas the susceptibility to itraconazole is only about 50 . "
2017
SP-PDF
UI - Tugas Akhir  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Erni Hernawati Purwaningsih
"This study is proposed to solve the main problem in the first experiment which has the pitfall of the incorporation of methylprednisolone (MPL) into liposome's membrane. The liposomal-methylprednisolone (L-MPL) has already been formulated by Mishina, et at31.32 and experimented on several studies of organ transplantation in rat, successfully. But, all procedures even using other combination and ratio of lipids are irreproducible methods. The pitfall of the incorporation of MPL into liposome's membrane is caused by the micelle formation of MPL.
To reduce or may be to inhibit the micelle formation of MPL that usually formed spontaneously when it is dispersed in aqueous media, the reactive -OH group at C21 position should have been esterified with palmitate to enhance the lipophilicity of the drug. This reaction, based on the Benameur's method, yielded 71% of pure methylprednisolonepalmitate (MPLP) as a new drug. To analyze the properties of this drug such as the stability or the availability of the drug both in liposome's membrane and in several organs in vivo, several studies have already been done in this study using sophisticated equipment.
The incorporation of the new drug , MPLP, into liposome's membrane of a conventional liposome of Egg-yolk Phosphatidylcholine (EPC) was 70 %_ The incorporation was increased to approximately 95 % in liposome's membrane of EPC and tetra ether lipids (TEL) from Sulfolobus acidocaldarius as a stabilizer of the liposomal membrane The newest drug that is proposed in evaluating the stability of the drug in vitro and the distribution of the drug on several organs in mice is liposomal- methylprednisolone-palmitate (L-MPLP).
The stability of L-MPLP in vitro was evaluated on their particle size. They were more stable at 20° C for 9 days of incubation than at room temperature. In vivo study of L-MPLP were shown as a distribution of the metabolite of MPL or MPLP on several organs on TLC where the distribution in the liver has more higher than in the spleen, kidney, thymus, and bone-marrow, in sequence. The distribution of the metabolite of L-MPLP in the liver has also shown higher than the metabolite of the control group of liposome, MPL, or MPLP as a free drug.
Because of these successful results, this experiment will have to be continued to improve the stability of this drug and to analyze the other effects on immunosuppressive properties, toxicity, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the drug."
Depok: Universitas Indonesia, 2002
D269
UI - Disertasi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Ariva
"Soxhlet menjadi salah satu metode yang efektif untuk mengekstrak lipid dari mikroalga, yang dikenal sebagai bahan baku produksi biodiesel, karena dapat memaksimalkan kontak antara lipid dan pelarutnya. Penelitian ini menguji berbagai variasi massa kering alga, pelarut biner azeotrop kombinasi heksana/alkohol, dan sumber mikroalga dengan mengekstrak lipid Chlorella vulgaris dan Nannochloropsis sp. menggunakan metode Soxhlet dalam rangka mencapai yield dan efisiensi optimal sekaligus menganalisis mengenai komposisi lipid yang sesuai kriteria bahan baku biodiesel.
Hasil penelitan menunjukkan yield dan efisiensi ekstraksi Soxhlet yang paling optimal, dengan peningkatan hingga 1.4%, dicapai dengan memakai massa 3 gram dan pelarut heksana/1-butanol. Dari spesies alga, Nannochloropsis sp. mengandung lipid lebih banyak daripada Chlorella vulgaris. Bila dibandingkan dengan Bligh and Dyer, yield hasil ekstraksi Soxhlet lebih rendah karena sampel terlokalisir sehingga lebih sedikit komponen non lipid yang ikut terekstrak.
Dilihat dari komposisi lipid hasil analisa GC/MS, lipid Nannochloropsis sp. tersusun dari asam lemak rantai panjang dan Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid (PUFA) seperti asam oleat, asam linoleat, asam palmitat, dan asam linolenat sehingga dapat diaplikasikan secara luas sebagai bahan baku biodiesel maupun suplemen kesehatan ketimbang Chlorella vulgaris.

Soxhlet becomes an effective method to extract lipid from microalgae which is known as feedstock for biodiesel production because it is capable to maximize the contact between the biomass and its solvent. This research has tested a variety of dried algae mass, binary azeotropic solvents combination hexane/alcohol, and sources of Chlorella vulgaris and Nannochloropsis sp. to achieve the optimum yield and efficiency as well as analyze the suitable lipid composition as feedstock for biodiesel production.
Result showed Soxhlet extraction yield and efficiency at an optimum, with an increase up to 1,4%, achieved by using 3 grams mass and solvent hexane/1-butanol. Among the species of algae, Nannochloropsis sp. contains more lipid than Chlorella vulgaris. Comparing to the Bligh and Dyer method, Soxhlet extraction tends to show lower yield because the sample is localized apart from its solvent so that fewer non-lipid components were extracted.
Considering the fatty acid composition, Nannochloropsis sp. contains more long-chain fatty acids and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid (PUFA) such as oleic acid, linoleic acid, palmitic acid, also linolenic acid, so it can be widely applied as feedstock for biodiesel production and food supplements instead of Chlorella vulgaris.
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Depok: Fakultas Teknik Universitas Indonesia, 2013
S45922
UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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