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"ABSTRAKDiabetes melitus merupakan salah satu penyakit kronis yang paling sering dialamilanjut usia di Indonesia. Mereka yang menderita diabetes tidak hanya memilikimasalah dalam hal fisik, namun juga bermasalah secara psikologis. Kondisi fisikyang lemah memiliki korelasi dengan tingkat harapan (hope) pada individu.Harapan yang rendah berdampak pada rendahnya kebahagiaan serta kesejahteraanhidup. Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah untuk menguji efektivitas cognitivebehavioraltherapy (CBT) dalam meningkatkan harapan pada lanjut usia yangmenderita diabetes melitus.Penelitian dilakukan di Panti Werdha Bina Bhakti, Serpong, Tangerang.Desain penelitian berupa kuasi eksperimen dengan desain pretest-posttest danwithin-subjects, dengan jumlah partisipan sebanyak tiga orang (berusia 65 sampai85 tahun). Dari hasil penelitian, dua dari tiga partisipan mengalami peningkatanuntuk skor harapan dan disertai dengan penurunan kadar gula dalam darah.Peningkatan harapan ini diwujudkan dengan kepatuhan (adherence) terhadapaturan medis yaitu pengontrolan konsumsi makanan yang mengandung glukosa.Disamping itu, peningkatan harapan juga diwujudkan dengan perasaan yangtenang dan bahagia, serta merasa diperhatikan dan dipedulikan. Kondisi tersebutjuga dapat memberikan kontribusi terhadap penurunan kadar gula dalam darah.Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa CBT cenderung efektif dalammeningkatkan harapan pada lanjut usia yang menderita diabetes melitus.

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ABSTRACTDiabetes mellitus is one of the most common chronic disease suffered by theelderly in Indonesia. Those who suffered from diabetes are not only physicallyimpaired, but psychologically impaired as well. Weak physical condition has acorrelation with the level of individual hope. Low level of hope has an impact onthe low level of well being. The aim of this research was to measure theeffectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) in enhancing hope for olderadults who suffered from diabetes melitus.The research was conducted in Panti Werdha Bina Bhakti, Serpong,Tangerang. Research design was made in the form of quasi experiment withpretest-posttest and within-subjects design, and with the three participants (aged65 to 85 years). From the research, two out of three participants increased theirlevel of hope and decreased their sugar levels in blood. This increasing level ofhope was manifested with the adherence of medical rules in controlling foodconsumption containing glucose. Besides that, the higher hope was alsomanifested with a calm and happy feeling, and also feel cared for. Such conditionscould give a contribution to the decreased sugar levels in blood. Thus, it could beconcluded that CBT tends to be effective in increasing the level of hope for olderadults who suffered from diabetes mellitus."

"ABSTRAKLatar belakang Diabetes melitus tipe 2 adalah penyakit kronis yang perawatannya sangat bergantung kepada kemampuan penderitanya untuk mematuhi regimen medis berupa pengaturan pola makan, berolahraga, pengecekan kadar glukosa darah, dan meminum obat sesuai anjuran. Ketidakpatuhan terhadap regimen medis dapat mengakibatkan kontrol glukosa darah memburuk dan memperbesar resiko komplikasi penyakit, seperti gangguan mata dan hipertensi. Pada lansia dengan diabetes melitus tipe 2, kepatuhan medis menjadi suatu isu yang lebih kompleks, karena semakin bertambah usia seseorang maka regimen medis yang dimiliki juga akan menjadi lebih kompleks, sedangkan kemampuan kognitif dan memori mengalami penurunan. Oleh karena itu, peneliti mencoba menjawab permasalahan tersebut dengan memberikan Cognitive Behavioral Therapy kepada 2 (dua) orang lansia dengan diabetes melitus tipe 2 yang bermasalah dengan kepatuhan medis. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan single subject design. Pengukuran dilakukan saat pra-intervensi, pertengahan intervensi, dan pasca-intervensi. Hasil pengukuran intervensi melalui pengisian 8-Item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8), wawancara dan observasi, serta pengukuran kadar glukosa darah, menunjukkan kenaikan tingkat kepatuhan medis dari rendah menjadi menengah pada kedua partisipan. Kesimpulan penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa Cognitive Behavioral Therapy efektif untuk meningkatkan kepatuhan medis pada para lansia dengan penyakit diabetes melitus tipe 2. Partisipan juga merasa mendapatkan manfaat dari teknik-teknik yang diajarkan dalam terapi ini dan memahami bahwa untuk mempertahankan kepatuhan medis yang mereka miliki, partisipan perlu untuk selalu menerapkan teknik-teknik tersebut dalam keseharian mereka.

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ABSTRACT

Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease which its treatment heavily depend on patients ability to adhere to their medical regimens. Type 2 diabetes mellitus medical regimen consists of healthy diets, frequent exercises, blood glucose level control, and regular taking of medications. Non-adherence to medical regimen could lead to worse blood glucose control and result in the increase of another disease complication, such as glaucoma and hypertension. In older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus, medical adherence becomes a more complex issue, because as people grow old, their medical regimen will become more complex. Meanwhile, their cognitive and memory ability decrease. In this research, the researcher will provide Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for 2 (two) older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus and have problems with their medical adherence. Research design use single subject design. There are three assessments that were taken, pre-intervention, mid-intervention, and post-intervention. Result assessments through 8-Item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8), interview, observation, and blood glucose control showed increase in medical adherence levels, from low medical adherence to medium medical adherence in both participants. Conclusion this research proved that Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is effective to increase medical adherence in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. All participants also experienced the benefits from techniques that were given during therapy and understood that to maintain the medical adherence they achieved; they need to keep applied those techniques into their daily life."

"ABSTRAKDiabetes Mellitus (DM) merupakan salah satu penyakit yang paling sering muncul di dunia. Banyaknya regimen yang harus dipatuhi penderita DM, adanya risiko komplikasi, dan lain sebagainya merupakan faktor yang dapat memengaruhi munculnya diabetes-related distress pada penderita DM. Melalui berbagai penelitian yang telah dilakukan, diketahui bahwa diabetes-related distress memberikan pengaruh negatif terhadap kondisi fisik ataupun psikologis penderita DM. Pengaruh negatif tersebut juga dialami oleh penderita DM, yang juga diperburuk oleh karakteristik lanjut usia.Melihat pengaruh negatif dari diabetes-related distress pada penderita DM yang tergolong lanjut usia (lansia) tersebut, peneliti tertarik untuk memberikan intervensi untuk mengurangi diabetes-related distress dengan menggunakan pendekatan Cognitive Behavior Therapy. Penelitian dilakukan kepada dua orang lansia yang mengalami diabetes-related distress. Kedua partisipan yang menjalani intervensi Cognitive Behavior Therapy mengalami penurunan tingkat diabetes-related distress. Hal tersebut didapatkan melalui wawancara dan observasi, serta pengukuran menggunakan alat ukur PAID (Problem Areas In Diabetes). Setelah intervensi selesai diberikan, para partisipan sudah mampu mempraktikkan teknik-teknik intervensi yang diberikan dalam rangkaian intervensi. Para partisipan juga memahami bahwa keberhasilan intervensi ditentukan oleh kemandirian dan niat mereka untuk menjalankan teknik-teknik tersebut dalam kehidupan sehari-hari.

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ABSTRACT

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is one of the most frequent diseases to appear globally. Too many regimens to adhere, complication risks, and so on can endorse diabetes-related distress in DM patients. Many studies have found that the presence of diabetes-related distress gives negative impacts to patients, physically and psychologically. In older DM patients, those negative impacts is worsen by the characteristics of older adults.

Knowing those negative impacts to older DM patients, I decided to conduct a study that consists of delivering intervention with cognitive behavior therapy approach to lessen diabetes-related distress for older adults with DM. There are two participants in this study, both are older adults with high level of diabetes-related distress. All participants experienced decreased level of diabetes-related distress from their participation in this intervention, as shown in interview, observation, and an assessment using PAID (Problem Areas In Diabetes). After all the intervention sessions have been delivered, all participants are able to practice the interventions techniques that were given. All participants also understand that the therapeutic success is determined by their independence and their willingness to change by practicing the techniques in daily life."

"Kecemasan adalah suatu perasaan gelisah atau ketakutan terhadap sesuatu yang dapat dialami oleh semua individu, termasuk diantaranya lanjut usia. Pada lansia, kecemasan dapat disebabkan oleh perubahan kondisi fisik yaitu kondisi geriatrik, perubahan psikologis yaitu perubahan fungsi kognitif, perkembangan temprament individu, dan perubahan lingkungan seperti kemiskinan, seringnya terjadi kekerasan, pola adaptasi yang gagal, serta peristiwa hidup yang negatif. Kecemasan pada lansia dapat menyebabkan munculnya beberapa penyakit, diantaranya penyakit jantung, hipertensi, hingga berujung pada kematian.Fenomena kecemasan ini cukup sering ditemui di usia lanjut. Di Indonesia, fenomena ini sering ditemui di beberapa kota dengan tingkat populasi lansia yang tinggi seperti di Kota Depok. Penelitian ini berusaha menjawab fenomena yang ada dengan memberikan intervensi psikologis kepada lansia yang berdomisi di Depok. Intervensi ini merupakan intervensi kelompok cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) yang diberikan kepada 5 orang partisipan. Pegukuran dilakukan pada saat pra-intervensi dan pasca-intervensi untuk mengetahui perubahan tingkat kecemasan yang jelas pada masing-masing partisipan. Kelima partisipan yang mengikuti intervensi ini mengalami penurunan tingkat kecemasan yang diukur menggunakan skala PSWQ (Penn State Worry Questionaire) dan STAI (State Trait Anxiety Inventory). Penurunan pada kelima partisipan bervariasi tergantung dari masalah dan ketaatan partisipan saat mengikuti intervensi.Kelima partisipan telah mengikuti teknik-teknik yang sudah diberikan selama proses intervensi seperti mengenali gejala, reaksi tubuh dan dampak cemas, membuat dan mengevaluasi rencana kegiatan, mengenali pikiran negatif, merekonstruksi pikiran negatif, mencari solusi dari masalah, dan berlatih relaksasi. Keberhasilan penelitian tergantung dari motivasi untuk sembuh, kepatuhan dalam mengikuti intervensi dan keinginan untuk melakukan teknik-teknik yang sudah diberikan selama intervensi.

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Anxiety can be defined as a feeling of discouraged or frightened about something, occur in human beings, as well as to the old ages. For older people, anxiety can be caused by the changing of their physical condition e.g. geriatric condition, the changing of psychological condition e.g. the change of cognitive function, individual temperament development, the changing of their surroundings e.g. poverty, violence, the failure of adaptation pattern, and the negative side of life. Anxiety for the old ages may lead to some diseases such as coronary heart disease, high blood pressure which could lead them to death.

This anxiety phenomenon often appears in the old ages. In Indonesia, this phenomenon can be found in some cities with high population of the old ages such as in Depok. This research was trying to figure out the answer by giving a psychological intervention for old aged individual living in Depok. The intervention was group cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) given to 5 participants. The measurement was done at pre intervention and post intervention to find the changing of anxiety level of each participant.

All participants who joined this intervention experienced decrease of anxiety level which was measured by PSWQ scale (Penn State Worry Questionnaire) and STAI (State Trait Anxiety Inventory). Various result was found depends on problems and the obediency of the participant during the intervention. The success of this research may be influenced the motivation of healing, obedient, and willingness to do the techniques given by participants."

"ABSTRAKPenurunan jumlah aktivitas pada lansia biasa dikaitkan dengan pengalaman tidak menyenangkan seperti tidak memiliki teman, perasaan hampa dan kesepian. Pengalaman tersebut didefinisikan sebagai loneliness yang sifatnya subjektif dan mempengaruhi kualitas hidup serta kesehatan individu. Loneliness ditemukan dapat mempengaruhi tekanan darah sistolik pada lansia yang mengarahkan lansia pada gangguan hipertensi.Fenomena terkait loneliness dapat ditemukan pada para lansia di Depok. Peneliti memberikan Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) pada 3 (tiga) orang lansia untuk menurunkan tingkat loneliness yang dialaminya. Jika loneliness telah menurun, maka peneliti juga mengharapkan tekanan darah lansia dapat turun dan stabil. Penelitian dijalankan dengan menggunakan desain single-subject repeated measures dengan melakukan tiga kali pengukuran di awal, pertengahan dan akhir rangkaian intervensi untuk melihat pengaruh pemberian terapi terhadap loneliness yang dialami partisipan.Hasil dari penelitian adalah ketiga partisipan mengalami penurunan loneliness yang terlihat dari wawancara, observasi, dan pengukuran menggunakan The Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale, The De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale, dan Personal Definitions of Loneliness. Seluruh partisipan juga mengalami penurunan tekanan darah menurut hasil pemeriksaan menggunakan tensi meter digital. Penurunan loneliness diperkirakan terjadi karena ketaatan partisipan dalam menjalani terapi terutama dalam melakukan perubahan perilaku serta adanya motivasi yang tinggi dalam pelaksanaan terapi. Penurunan loneliness akan lebih signifikan jika partisipan memiliki dukungan sosial untuk mempertahankan perilaku positif serta kemampuan bahasa yang lebih baik. Selain itu, Partisipan telah mampu mempraktikkan teknik-teknik yang diberikan dalam terapi seperti mengenali loneliness yang dialami, relaksasi, pemecahan masalah, dan melawan pikiran buruk.

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ABSTRACT

In older adults, reduced activities often related to unpleasant experiences, such as having no friends, feeling of emptiness and loneliness. Feeling of loneliness is subjective to individuals and affects their health and quality of life. It is found that loneliness can have impact on systolic blood pressure among older adults and result in hypertension.

Phenomena related to loneliness happen among older adults in Depok. This study evaluated the efficacy of Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) in reducing level of loneliness among older adults, so that their blood pressure would get lower and stay in a stable condition. Design of the study was single-subject repeated measures with three participants, and three times measurement (initial, middle, final).

Results of the study suggest that all three participants' level of loneliness reduced, which can be seen from interview, observation, and scores of quantitative inventories (The Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale, The De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale, and Personal Definitions of Loneliness). Participants' blood pressure also reduced. Participants' compliance to therapy processes, such as high motivation and changes in behavior, contributed to the reduced level of loneliness. It is assumed that loneliness scores would be reduced more significantly if participants had better social support, maintained positive behaviors, and had better verbal capacity. Despite of lack of verbal capacity, participants were able to practice some techniques, such as identifying loneliness, relaxation, problem solving, and countering negative thoughts."

"ABSTRAKStres adalah masalah yang umum dialami oleh setiap individu, termasuk juga pada lanjut usia. Ketika seseorang memasuki masa usia lanjut, terdapat sejumlah penurunan fungsi tubuh, baik secara fisik, kognitif, psikologis, maupun sosial yang dapat menimbulkan stres sehingga berdampak pada meningkatnya tekanan darah tinggi (hipertensi). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji efektivitas intervensi dengan pendekatan Terapi Kognitif-Perilaku untuk menurunkan tingkat stres pada lansia dengan hipertensi. Partisipan dalam penelitian ini adalah lanjut usia (N=4) berusia 65-74 tahun. Setiap partisipan mempersepsikan hidupnya sebagai stres, yang diukur dengan alat ukur Perceived Stress Scale (Cohen, Kamarck, dan Mermelstein, 1983) dan memiliki penyakit hipertensi berdasarkan pengukuran menggunakan alat digital blood pressure monitoring. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah pre-post design, dimana dilakukan pengukuran tingkat stres dan tekanan darah pada awal dan akhir intervensi untuk melihat perubahan yang terjadi. Pada akhir intervensi terlihat adanya penurunan tingkat stres dan perubahan tekanan darah dari hipertensi menjadi tekanan darah pada kategori normal untuk lanjut usia. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa intervensi dengan pendekatan Terapi Kognitif-Perilaku berhasil menurunkan tingkat stres yang berdampak pada penurunan tekanan darah yang tinggi pada lanjut usia.

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ABSTRACT

Stress is a common problem that happen in every individual, including older adult. When people become old, there are decline in bodily function, such as physically, cognition, psychological, and social aspect which can be stressful and increase high blood pressure (hypertension). The aim of this study is to examine effectiveness of Cognitive-behavioral therapy to reduce stress for older adult with hypertension. The participant of the study is older adult (N=4) with age between 65-74 years old. Each participant perceives their life as stressful, measured by perceived stress scale (Cohen, Kamarck, dan Mermelstein, 1983), and has hypertension based on digital blood pressure monitoring machine. The pre-post design applied in study, which is stress and blood pressure measured before and after intervention to see any possible change. At the end of intervension, there are decrease in stress score and change in blood pressure from hypertension to normal blood pressure for older adult. Result indicated that Cognitive-behavioral therapy success to reduce stress and decrease the hypertension in older adult."

"[Kesehatan merupakan hal yang penting dalam kehidupan manusia. Meskipun lebih sering diasosiasikan dengan kesehatan fisik, kesehatan menurut WHO juga meliputi kesehatan mental dan sosial. Kesehatan mental yang baik perlu dimiliki oleh seorang dewasa muda agar mampu memenuhi tugas-tugas perkembangannya secara optimal. Salah satu faktor yang berhubungan positif dengan kesehatan mental adalah self-esteem. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat sejauh mana efektivitas teknik intervensi Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) dalam meningkatkan self-esteem dewasa muda yang memiliki self-esteem negatif. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain one group before and after study dimana peneliti melihat perubahan pada satu kelompok sebelum dan setelah diberikan intervensi. Adapun alat ukur yang digunakan untuk melihat perubahan self-esteem pada partisipan adalah Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) dan Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory (CSEI). Wawancara dan observasi juga dilakukan kepada partisipan untuk memperoleh gambaran masalah terkait self-esteem yang dialami.Dua orang partisipan mengikuti program intervensi yang terdiri dari lima sesi pertemuan hingga selesai. Hasilnya, terdapat peningkatan skor RSES dan CSEI pada kedua partisipan. Secara kualitatif, kedua partisipan juga sudah melaporkan sikap yang lebih positif terhadap dirinya sendiri meskipun masih mengalami perasaan-perasaan negatif terkait diri. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa teknik intervensi CBT efektif dalam meningkatkan self-esteem pada dewasa muda dengan self-esteem negatif.

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Health is important in human life. Although more often associated with physical health, according to WHO health also includes mental and social health. Good mental health needs to be owned by early adults in order to meet their development tasks optimally. One of the factors positively associated with mental health is self-esteem. This study aims to look the efectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) to enhance the self-esteem of early adults who have negative self-esteem. The design of this study is one group before and after study in which researchers see changes in the group before and after a given intervention. The measuring instruments used to see changes in the participants' self-esteem are the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) and Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory (CSEI). Interview and observation was also made to the participants to obtain a picture related to self-esteem problems. Two participants completed the five sessions intervention program. Result shows increased RSES and CSEI scores on both participants. Qualitatively, participants reported a more positive attitude towards themselves although still experiencing negative feelings associated with themselves. This study shows that CBT is effective to enhance self-esteem in early adults with negative self-esteem. Health is important in human life. Although more often associated with physical health, according to WHO health also includes mental and social health. Good mental health needs to be owned by early adults in order to meet their development tasks optimally. One of the factors positively associated with mental health is self-esteem. This study aims to look the efectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) to enhance the self-esteem of early adults who have negative self-esteem. The design of this study is one group before and after study in which researchers see changes in the group before and after a given intervention. The measuring instruments used to see changes in the participants' self-esteem are the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) and Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory (CSEI). Interview and observation was also made to the participants to obtain a picture related to self-esteem problems. Two participants completed the five sessions intervention program. Result shows increased RSES and CSEI scores on both participants. Qualitatively, participants reported a more positive attitude towards themselvesalthough still experiencing negative feelings associated with themselves. This study shows that CBT is effective to enhance self-esteem in early adults with negative self-esteem.

, Health is important in human life. Although more often associated with physical health, according to WHO health also includes mental and social health. Good mental health needs to be owned by early adults in order to meet their development tasks optimally. One of the factors positively associated with mental health is self-esteem. This study aims to look the efectivenessof Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) to enhance the self-esteem of early adults who have negative self-esteem. The design of this study is one group before and after study in which researchers see changes in the group before and after a given intervention. The measuring instruments used to see changes in the participants' self-esteem are the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) and Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory (CSEI). Interview and observation was also made to the participants to obtain a picture related to self-esteem problems. Two participants completed the five sessions intervention program. Result shows increased RSES and CSEI scores on both participants. Qualitatively, participants reported a more positive attitude towards themselvesalthough still experiencing negative feelings associated with themselves. This study shows that CBT is effective to enhance self-esteem in early adults with negative self-esteem.

]"

"[Kesehatan merupakan hal yang penting dalam kehidupan manusia. Meskipun lebih sering diasosiasikan dengan kesehatan fisik, kesehatan menurut WHO juga meliputi kesehatan mental dan sosial. Kesehatan mental yang baik perlu dimiliki oleh seorang dewasa muda agar mampu memenuhi tugas-tugas perkembangannya secara optimal. Salah satu faktor yang berhubungan positif dengan kesehatan mental adalah self-esteem. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat sejauh mana efektivitas teknik intervensi Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) dalammeningkatkan self-esteemdewasa muda yang memiliki self-esteem negatif. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain one group before and after study dimana peneliti melihat perubahan pada satu kelompoksebelum dan setelah diberikan intervensi. Adapun alat ukur yang digunakan untuk melihat perubahan self-esteem pada partisipan adalah Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) danCoopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory (CSEI). Wawancara dan observasi juga dilakukan kepada partisipan untuk memperoleh gambaran masalah terkait self-esteem yang dialami. Dua orang partisipan mengikuti program intervensi yang terdiri dari lima sesi pertemuan hingga selesai. Hasilnya, terdapat peningkatan skor RSES dan CSEI pada kedua partisipan. Secara kualitatif, kedua partisipan juga sudah melaporkan sikapyang lebih positif terhadap dirinya sendiri meskipun masih mengalami perasaanperasaan negatif terkait diri. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa teknik intervensi CBT efektif dalam meningkatkan self-esteem pada dewasa muda dengan self-esteem negatif.

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Health is important in human life. Although more often associated with physical health, according to WHO health also includes mental and social health. Good mental health

needs to be owned by early adults in order to meet their development tasks optimally. One of the factors positively associated with mental health is self-esteem. This study

aims to look the efectivenessof Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) to enhance the self-esteem of early adults who have negative self-esteem. The design of this study is one group before and after study in which researchers see changes in the group before and after a given intervention. The measuring instruments used to see changes in the participants' self-esteem are the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) and Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory (CSEI). Interview and observation was also made to the participants to obtain a picture related to self-esteem problems. Two participants completed the five sessions intervention program. Result shows increased RSES and CSEI scores on both participants. Qualitatively, participants reported a more positive attitude towards themselvesalthough still experiencing negative feelings associated with themselves. This study shows that CBT is effective to enhance self-esteem in early adults with negative self-esteem. Health is important in human life. Although more often associated with physical health, according to WHO health also includes mental and social health. Good mental health needs to be owned by early adults in order to meet their development tasks optimally. One of the factors positively associated with mental health is self-esteem. This study aims to look the efectivenessof Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) to enhance the self-esteem of early adults who have negative self-esteem. The design of this study is one group before and after study in which researchers see changes in the group before and after a given intervention. The measuring instruments used to see changes in the participants' self-esteem are the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) and Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory (CSEI). Interview and observation was also made to the participants to obtain a picture related to self-esteem problems. Two participants

completed the five sessions intervention program. Result shows increased RSES and CSEI scores on both participants. Qualitatively, participants reported a more positive

attitude towards themselvesalthough still experiencing negative feelings associated with themselves. This study shows that CBT is effective to enhance self-esteem in early adults with negative self-esteem., Health is important in human life. Although more often associated with physical health,

according to WHO health also includes mental and social health. Good mental health

needs to be owned by early adults in order to meet their development tasks optimally.

One of the factors positively associated with mental health is self-esteem. This study

aims to look the efectivenessof Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) to enhance the

self-esteem of early adults who have negative self-esteem. The design of this study is one

group before and after study in which researchers see changes in the group before and

after a given intervention. The measuring instruments used to see changes in the

participants' self-esteem are the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) and Coopersmith

Self-Esteem Inventory (CSEI). Interview and observation was also made to the

participants to obtain a picture related to self-esteem problems. Two participants

completed the five sessions intervention program. Result shows increased RSES and

CSEI scores on both participants. Qualitatively, participants reported a more positive

attitude towards themselvesalthough still experiencing negative feelings associated with

themselves. This study shows that CBT is effective to enhance self-esteem in early adults

with negative self-esteem.]"

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat sejauh mana pemberian intervensi Cognitive BehaviorTherapy (CBT) dapat mengurangi simtom-simtom depresi pada mahasiswa UI tahun pertamapenerima Bidikmisi. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain one group before and after studydesign, dengan jumlah partisipan sebanyak tiga orang. Masing-masing partisipan mengikutisesi CBT sebanyak enam kali, disertai satu kali sesi follow up (2 - 3 minggu setelah sesiterminasi). Proses screening awal dilakukan dengan memberikan Beck Depression Inventory(BDI) kepada mahasiswa UI tahun pertama penerima Bidikmisi. Hasil penelitian inimenunjukkan bahwa CBT efektif dalam mengurangi simtom-simtom depresi mahasiswa UItahun pertama penerima Bidikmisi. Didapati penurunan skor BDI yang signifikan dan leveldepresi partisipan berubah dari "berat" menjadi "tidak ada tanda-tanda depresi" dan "ringansedang".Selain itu, perubahan kualitatif juga dilaporkan dalam penelitian ini.

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ABSTRACTThis study evaluated the efficacy of Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) in reducingdepressive symptoms among Bidikmisi Freshmen in Universitas Indonesia (UI). Design ofthe study is one group before and after study design, with three scholars as participants. Eachparticipant attended six sessions of CBT, followed by a follow up session (2 - 3 weeks aftertermination). Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was used in the screening process. Resultssuggest that CBT reduced depressive symptoms among Bidikmisi freshmen in UI.Participants' BDI scores reduced significantly, and their level of depression changed from"severe" to "no symptoms of depression" and "mild - moderate". Qualitative changes werealso found and discussed."