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"Densitas tulang adalah jumlah kandungan mineral per cm2 tulang, dibedakan menjadi 3 yaitu normal, osteopenia, dan osteoporosis. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui risiko kegoyangan gigi melalui analisis densitas tulang. Diasumsikan bahwa densitas tulang rendah yang berhubungan dengan osteopenia/osteoporosis dapat berpengaruh secara langsung pada mikroarsitektur tulang alveolar, dan menyebabkan kegoyangan gigi. Subjek terdiri dari 22 pria dan 56 wanita berusia ≥ 50 tahun. Pengukuran densitas tulang mandibula dilakukan dengan radiograf panoramik dan periapikal DDIR (direct digital intraoral radiograph). Pengukuran densitas tulang skeletal dilakukan dengan QUS (Quantitative Ultrasound). Hasilnya menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara kebersihan mulut dan densitas tulang skeletal dengan kegoyangan gigi (p= 0,000, p=0,035, berturut-turut) serta diperoleh indeks perkiraan kegoyangan ≥50% dari seluruh gigi di mandibula.

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Bone mineral density is the amount of bone mineral content in cm2. It can be classified into normal, osteopenia, and osteoporosis. This study was conducted to determine the risk assessment of tooth mobility through bone density analysis. Low bone density, which is associated with osteopenia / osteoporosis can affect directly the alveolar bone microarchitecture, and cause tooth mobility. The subjects consisting of 22 men and 56 women aged ≥ 50 years. Mandibular bone density measurements done by panoramic radiographs and periapical DDIR (direct digital intraoral radiograph). Bone mineral density measurement was performed with QUS (Quantitative Ultrasound). The result showed that there is a relationship between oral hygiene and bone mineral density with tooth mobility (p = 0.000, p = 0.035, respectively) and an index was formulated to estimate mobility of ≥ 50% out of teeth in mandible."

"Latar Belakang: Berkurangnya kepadatan tulang dapat dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor seperti usia dan jenis kelamin dan memiliki pengaruh terhadap perawatan kedokteran gigi. Radiograf panoramik digital dapat menjadi salah satu cara untuk memperkirakan penurunan densitas radiografik tulang. Tujuan: Memperoleh nilai rerata densitas radiografik tulang kortikal tepi bawah mandibula pada individu pria dan wanita yang berusia 20 – 60 tahun di RSKGM FKG UI dari radiograf panoramik digital. Metode: Menggunakan studi potong lintang dengan 300 sampel radiograf panoramik digital yang terbagi menjadi 150 sampel wanita dan 150 sampel pria dan dikategorikan berdasarkan kelompok usia berjumlah 75 sampel untuk setiap kelompok usia. Rerata densitas radiografik diperoleh di region of interest tulang kortikal tepi bawah mandibula menggunakan software I-Dixel Morita. Hasil: Hasil analisis statistik menunjukkan nilai rerata densitas radiografik tulang pada kelompok wanita sebesar 92,80 sedangkan pada kelompok pria sebesar 97,46. Berdasarkan kelompok usia, kelompok usia 31- 40 memiliki rerata densitas radiografik paling besar yaitu 101,99 sedangkan nilai terendah pada kelompok usia 51-60 sebesar 86,43. Kesimpulan: Rerata densitas radiografik tulang kortikal tepi bawah mandibula pada pria lebih tinggi dibandingkan wanita serta terus mengalami peningkatan dari usia 20 tahun dan mulai mengalami penurunan di usia lebih dari 40 tahun.

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Background: Reduced bone density can be influenced by several factors such as age and gender and has an influence on dental treatment. Digital panoramic radiographs can be used to estimate decreased bone density.

Objective: To obtain the radiographic mean density of cortical bone at the inferior border of the mandible in male and female aged 20-60 years at RSKGM FKG UI using digital panoramic radiographs.

Methods: A cross-sectional study with 300 digital panoramic radiograph samples divided into 150 female and 150 male samples and categorized by age group into 75 samples for each age group. The mean radiographic density was obtained in the region of interest of the cortical bone at the inferior border of the mandible using the I-Dixel Morita software.

Results: the results of statistical analysis showed that the mean radiographic bone density in the female group is 92.80 while in the male group it is 97.46. Based on the age group, the 31-40 age group had the highest mean radiographic density which is 101.99, while the lowest value was in the 51-60 age group which is 86.43.

Conclusion: The mean radiographic density of cortical bone at the inferior border of the mandible in men is higher than in women and continues to increase from the age of 20 and begins to decrease at the age of more than 40 years."

"Pendahuluan Gangguan kepadatan tulang saat ini menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang saat ini menjadi salah satu masalah kesehatan masyarakat. Banyak faktor yang berdampak pada kepadatan tulang. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan faktor risiko individu seperti gender, usia, indeks massa tubuh (IMT), merokok, kualitas tidur, diabetes, aktivitas fisik, gangguan mental emosional (stress), dan lama shift malam dengan kepadatan massa tulang yang tidak normal pada pekerja shift malam dan untuk mengetahui interaksi antar variabel mana yang paling bertanggung jawab pada pekerja dengan kejadian kepadatan tulang yang tidak normal. Metode Penelitian ini adalah penelitian cross-sectional secara analitik pada 80 orang pekerja RSON untuk melihat kepadatan tulang dengan bone mineral density pada pekerja shift malam dengan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan yaitu gender, usia, indeks massa tubuh, merokok, kualitas tidur, diabetes, aktivitas fisik, gangguan mental emosional (stress), dan lama shift malam. Penelitian ini dilakukan dari November 2022-April 2023. Variabel bebas yakni pekerja shift malam, usia, jenis kelamin, indeks massa tubuh, merokok, gangguan mental emosional (stress), kualitas tidur, diabetes, dan aktivitas fisik. Skor Bone Mass Density (BMD) sebagai variable terikat. Dan keluaran yang dihasilkan adalah terdapat hubungan antara kepadatan tulang tidak normal dengan gender, usia, indeks massa tubuh, merokok, kualitas tidur, diabetes, aktivitas fisik, gangguan mental emosional (stress), dan lama shift malam.Hasil Subjek penelitian didominasi oleh perempuan sebanyak 53 peserta (66,3%). Usia dibagi menjadi 2 dikarenakan median dari usia adalah 38 tahun. Didapatkan hasil pada usia pekerja,  pekerja sebagian besar berusia kurang dari 38 tahun sebanyak 42 pekerja (52,5%). Pada indeks massa tubuh didominasi dengan indeks massa tubuh gemuk sebanyak 52 pekerja (65%). Pekerja yang memiliki kebiasaan tidak merokok yakni 60 pekerja (75%). Diabetes pada pekerja didominasi oleh tidak memiliki diabetes sebanyak 70 pekerja (86,3%). Pada hasil pengisian dari kualitas tidur didapatkan hasil terbanyak pada kualitas tidur yang buruk sebanyak 47 pekerja (58,75%) dan gangguan mental emosional (stress) pada pekerja yang berasal dari pengisian kuesioner Self Reporting Questionnaire -20 (SRQ-20) didapatkan hasil yang tinggi pada tidak terdapat stress pada pekerja sebanyak 69 pekerja (86,25%). Pada hasil pengisian kuesioner International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) untuk penilaian aktivitas fisik pada pekerja didapatkan hasil  dominan aktivitas fisik sedang 49 pekerja (61,3%). Lama kerja Shift malam yang dilakukan oleh seluruh pekerja yang mengikuti penelitian ini didapatkan didominasi oleh pekerja yang bekerja kurang dari 10 tahun sebanyak 43 pekerja (53,75%). Perihal kepadatan tulang pada pekerja didapatkan hasil pekerja yang memiliki kepadatan tulang yang normal sebanyak 60 pekerja (75%). Analisis multivariat dilakukan untuk mengetahui interaksi antar variabel dan untuk mengetahui variabel mana yang paling bertanggung jawab sebagai faktor risiko yang berpengaruh terhadap  kepadatan tulang. Dari analisis multivairat menggunakan Metode Backwards Conditional didapatkan variable yang paling dominan terhadap terjadinya BMD tidak normal adalah IMT normal-kurus, usia >38 tahun, aktivitas fisik sedang, aktivitas fisik ringan, merokok, dan diabetes mellitus. Dengan nilai R square sebesar 0.367. Dilakukan kembali analisis multivariat metode enter dengan memasukkan variabel di atas dan ditambahkan dengan variabel shift malam, dan didapatkan hasil dengan nilai Nagelkerke R Square sebesar 0.378. Kemungkinan Odds Ratio(OR) pekerja dari lama shift malam >20 tahun untuk BMD tidak normal sebesar 1.454x lipat lebih besar dibandingkan lama shift < 20 tahun, namun tidak bermakna. Variabel yang paling dominan berisiko terjadinya BMD tidak normal adalah diabetes dan merokok. Dimana risiko terjadinya BMD tidak normal pada pekerja shift malam dengan diabetes sebesar 8.624x lebih tinggi dibandingkan pada pekerja shift malam dengan tanpa diabetes. Pada pekerja shift malam yang merokok didapatkan risiko terjadinya BMD tidak normal sebesar 4.963x lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan pekerja shift malam yang tidak merokok. Risiko terjadinya BMD tidak normal pada pekerja shift malam dengan aktifitas fisik sedang turun 80% mengalami penurunan dibandingan dengan pekerja shift malam yang pekerja shift malam yang tidak beraktifitas fisik sedang.Kesimpulan Pada Prevalensi kepadatan tulang di pada pekerja shift malam di tempat kerja dengan pembagian 60 pekerja normal (Normal ≥ -1 SD) (75%) dan 20 pekerja (25%) terdapat kepadatan tulang tidak normal (Osteopenia -1 SD s/d -2,5 SD, Osteoporosis ≤ -2,5 SD). Didapatkan hubungan antara usia >38 tahun, diabetes, dan aktivitas sedang-tinggi dengan kepadatan tulang tidak normal pada pekerja shift malam. Pada analisis multivariat, seluruh variabel bisa menjelaskan penurunan skor kepadatan tulang (BMD) sebesar 36.7%. Terdapat variabel bermakna antara aktivitas sedang, diabetes, dan  merokok.

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Introduction Bone density disorders are currently a public health problem that is currently a public health problem. Many factors have an impact on bone density. The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship of individual risk factors such as gender, age, body mass index, smoking, sleep quality, diabetes, physical activity, mental emotional disorders (stress), and night shift length with abnormal bone mass density in night shift workers and to determine which interactions between variables are most responsible for workers with abnormal bone density. 

Methods This study was an analytic cross-sectional study in 80 RSON workers to see bone density with bone mineral density in night shift workers with associated factors namely gender, age, body mass index, smoking, sleep quality, diabetes, physical activity, mental emotional disorders (stress), and length of night shift. This study was conducted from November 2022-April 2023. The independent variables were night shift workers, age, gender, body mass index, smoking, mental emotional disorders (stress), sleep quality, diabetes, and physical activity. Bone Mass Density (BMD) score as the dependent variable. And the resulting outcome is that there is an association between abnormal bone density with gender, age, body mass index, smoking, sleep quality, diabetes, physical activity, mental emotional disorders (stress), and length of night shift.

Results The study subjects were dominated by women as many as 53 participants (66.3%). Age was divided into 2 because the median age was 38 years. The results obtained in the age of workers, most workers are less than 38 years old as many as 42 workers (52.5%). Body mass index is dominated by obese body mass index as many as 52 workers (65%). Workers who have a non-smoking habit are 60 workers (75%). Diabetes in workers is dominated by not having diabetes as many as 70 workers (86.3%). The results of the filling of the sleep quality obtained the most results in poor sleep quality as many as 47 workers (58.75%) and mental emotional disorders (stress) in workers derived from filling out the Self Reporting Questionnaire -20 (SRQ-20) questionnaire obtained high results in the absence of stress in workers as many as 69 workers (86.25%). In the results of filling out the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) questionnaire for assessing physical activity in workers, the dominant result of moderate physical activity was 49 workers (61.3%). The length of night shift work carried out by all workers who participated in this study was found to be dominated by workers who worked for less than 10 years as many as 43 workers (53.75%). Regarding bone density in workers, it was found that 60 workers (75%) had normal bone density. In multivariate analysis, all variables can explain the decrease in bone density by 36.7%. Multivariate analysis was conducted to determine the interaction between variables and to determine which variables are most responsible as risk factors that affect bone density. From the multivariate analysis using the Backwards Conditional Method, it was found that the most dominant variables for the occurrence of abnormal BMD were normal-thin BMI, age> 38 years, moderate physical activity, light physical activity, smoking, and diabetes mellitus. With an R square value of 0.367. Multivariate analysis of the enter method was re-conducted by entering the above variables and adding the night shift variable, and the results were obtained in table 7 with a Nagelkerke R Square value of 0.378. The Odds Ratio(OR) probability of workers from night shift duration >20 years for abnormal BMD is 1.454x greater than shift duration <20 years, but not significant. The most dominant variables at risk of abnormal BMD are diabetes and smoking. Where the risk of abnormal BMD in night shift workers with diabetes is 8.624x higher than in night shift workers with no diabetes. In night shift workers who smoke, the risk of abnormal BMD is 4.963x higher than that of night shift workers who do not smoke. The risk of abnormal BMD in night shift workers with moderate physical activity decreased by 80% compared to night shift workers who did not have moderate physical activity. Conclusion In the prevalence of bone density in night shift workers in the workplace with a division of 60 normal workers (Normal ≥ -1 SD) (75%) and 20 workers (25%) there is abnormal bone density (Osteopenia -1 SD to -2.5 SD, Osteoporosis ≤ -2.5 SD). There was an association between age >38 years, diabetes, and moderate - high activity with abnormal bone density in night shift workers. In multivariate analysis, all variables could explain the decrease in bone density (BMD) score by 36.7%. There were significant variables between moderate activity, diabetes, and smoking."

"Tujuan: Menganalisis faktor yang paling berpengaruh antara tinggi dan densitasmandibula, usia, jenis kelamin, tingkat pendidikan, lama tidak bergigi dan pengalamanmemakai gigi tiruan sebelumnya dengan kepuasan pasien terhadap hasil perawatan gigitiruan lengkap.Metode: Penelitian potong lintang dilakukan pada 92 subjek (55 laki-laki dan 37perempuan) berusia 45 tahun ke atas yang memakai gigi tiruan lengkap dan dibuat diRSGM FKG Universitas Indonesia. Subjek dipilih melalui consecutive samplingmethod dan diminta mengisi kuesioner PDA-ID 1 bulan pasca insersi gigi tiruanlengkap. 92 radiograf panoramik dari subjek tersebut digunakan untuk mengukurketinggian tulang (di regio anterior serta posterior mandibula) dan densitas mandibulamenggunakan metode Xie dan MCI (Mandibular Cortical Index). Uji intraobserver daninterobserver dilakukan untuk mengetahui konsistensi pengukuran tinggi dan densitastulang mandibula di antara 2 pengamat. Skor PDA-ID digunakan untuk mengukurkepuasan subjektif pada subjek dengan perbedaan kelompok usia, jenis kelamin,tingkat pendidikan, lama tidak bergigi dan pengalaman memakai gigi tiruansebelumnya.Hasil: Hasil uji intraobserver dan interobserver menunjukkan tidak terdapat variasipengukuran antar pengamat untuk tinggi mandibula (p>0,05) serta Kappa Valuedensitas mandibula = 0,78 tergolong baik. Analisis bivariat menunjukkan hubunganbermakna pada tinggi tulang mandibula (p=0,000), tingkat pendidikan (p=0,013) danpengalaman memakai gigi tiruan sebelumnya (p=0,000). Variabel yang dapat diolahkedalam analisis multivariat (p<0,250) yaitu tinggi mandibula (p=0,000), densitasmandibula (p=0,160), tingkat pendidikan (p=0,013), jenis kelamin (p=0,174), lamatidak bergigi (p=0,202) dan pengalaman memakai gigi tiruan sebelumnya (p=0,000).Analisis multivariat menunjukkan faktor yang paling berpengaruh pada kepuasan pasienterhadap hasil perawatan gigi tiruan lengkap yaitu tinggi tulang mandibula di anterior(p=0,000). Pengalaman memakai gigi tiruan sebelumnya merupakan faktor confoundingyang penting (selisih Odds Ratio = 30%).Kesimpulan: Tinggi tulang mandibula di anterior merupakan faktor yang palingberperan dalam kepuasan pasien terhadap hasil perawatan gigi tiruan lengkap.

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Objective: To analyze the most important factor affecting patients satisfactiontowards complete denture treatment with vertical heights and bone density of mandible,age, sex, education level, duration of edentulism, and denture experiences.Method : A-cross sectional study assessed the data of 92 subjects (55 men, 37 women),aged 45 years and older who wore complete denture constructed in Dental TeachingHospital Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia. All participants selected throughconsecutive sampling methods were asked to complete the PDA-ID questionnaire at 1-month post complete denture insertion. 92 Panoramic radiograph of the subjects wereused in this study to evaluate the vertical heights (at the anterior and posterior ofmandible) and bone density of mandible using Xie methods and MCI (MandibularCortical Index). Intraobserver and interobserver reliability test for the heightmeasurement and bone density of mandible was assessed between two observer. PDAID score was compared between the patients with different age group, sex, educationlevel, duration of edentulism and previous denture experiences.Result: Intraobserver and interobserver reliability test show there were no significantdifference in vertical height measurement of mandible (p>0,05) and bone density ofmandible (Kappa Value=0,78) between two observer. Statistically, there weresignificant differences in patient satisfaction between different vertical heights ofmandible (p=0,000), education level (p=0,013) and previous denture experiences(p=0,000). Predictive factors could be included in multivariate analysis (p<0,250) werevertical heights of mandible (p=0,000), bone density of mandible (p=0,160), educationlevel (p=0,013), sex (p=0,174), duration of edentulism (p=0,202) and previous dentureexperiences (p=0,000). Multivariate analysis shows patients satisfaction with completedenture treatment was mostly affected by vertical heights of anterior mandible(p=0,000). Meanwhile, the previous denture experiences was contributed as animportant confounding factor (Odd Ratio difference = 30%).Conclusion:.Vertical height of the anterior mandible is a determinant factor affectingpatients satisfaction towards complete denture treatment."

"[ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Penggunaan biomaterial berupa bahan tandur tulang dan membran untuk prosedur Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR) sangat diperlukan di bidang bedah maksilofasial dan, untuk mengatasi defek tulang yang dapat terjadi oleh berbagai sebab. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek pemakaian bahan tandur tulang DFDBX dengan membran perikardium (MPK) bovine pada defek tulang kalvaria tikus.Bahan dan Metode: Studi eksperimental ini menggunakan 45 ekor tikus Sprague Dawley sebagai hewan coba dibagi dalam 3 kelompok secara acak. Ciritical size defect sebesar diameter 5 mm dibuat pada tulang kalvaria seluruh hewan coba. Kelompok I merupakan kelompok kontrol, tidak diberikan perlakuan dan defek dibiarkan sembuh dengan sendirinya, kelompok II yang diberi DFDBX, dan pada kelompok III defek diisi dengan DFDBX dan ditutup dengan MPK (DFDBX+MPK). Setelah 1,4 dan 8 minggu dilakukan dilakukan pengorbanan pada kelompok hewan coba, dilanjutkan dengan evaluasi secara radiologik, histopatologik untuk reaksi radang, pertumbuhan tulang dan pemeriksaan imunohistokimia dengan osteokalsin. Data dianalisis secara statistik dengan menggunakan uji ANOVA.Hasil: Penilaian radiografik diperoleh perbedaan bermakna pada rerata densitas area defek minggu ke 8 antara kelompok kontrol dengan DFDBX+MPK (p<0,001) dan antara kelompok DFDBX dengan DFDBX+MPK (p=0,03).Pertumbuhan tulang baru pada minggu ke 8 tertinggi adalah pada kelompok DFDBX+MPK dengan perbedaan bermakna dengan kelompok kontrol (p=0,016) dan dengan kelompok DFDBX nilai p=0,048. Ekspresi osteokalsin minggu ke-8 menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna antara kelompok kontrol dengan kelompok DFDBX (p<0,001) maupun dengan kelompok DFDBX+MPK (p=0,0013), namun tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kelompok DFDBX dengan kelompok MPK (p=1,000).Kesimpulan: Penggunaan DFDBX dengan kombinasi MPK terbukti secara radiologik, histopatologik dan imunohistokimia dapat meningkatkan regenerasi tulang pada defek tulang kalvaria.

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ABSTRACTBackground: Reconstruction of cranial and maxillofacial defects is a challenging task. The standard method has included bone grafting and using membrane in guided bone regeneration procedure. Using biomaterial such as bone grafting and membrane for Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR) procedures is an essential issue in maxillofacial and dental reconstruction surgery to overcome bone defects caused by various etiologies. Our study was aimed to identify the effect of using Demineralized Freeze-Dried Bone Xenograft (DFDBX) with (or without) bovine pericardium membrane (PCM) on the treatment of rats calvarial bone defects.Materials and Method: The experimental study used 45 Sprague-Dawley rats as the experimental animals, which were categorized randomly into three groups, i.e. the control group, DFDBX group, and DFDBX+PCM group. The 5-mm-critical-sized calvarial defects were created in all experimental animals. The first group was a control group, which did not receive any treatment with self-limiting defects; while subjects in the second group received DFDBX (DFDBX group) and in the third group, the defects were filled with DFDBX and PCM (DFDBX + PCM group). Animals were sacrified at the 1st, 4th, and 8th weeks following the surgery. Subsequently, an evaluation was carried out using radiological analysis, histopathological assay to observe inflammatory reaction and bone growth, as well as immunohistochemical analysis of osteocalcin. Data were analyzed statistically using ANOVA test. The specimens were embedded ini paraffin, serially cut, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin for analysis under light microscope. The inflammation reaction, new bone formation, and the rest of DFDBX and PCM were histomorphometrically evaluated. Immunohistochemical analysis of osteocalcin expression was performed.Results: Radiological analysis demonstrated a significant difference of mean bone density in the defect area at the 8th week between subjects in the control group and those in DFDBX+PCM group (p < 0.001), as well as between subjects in the DFDBX group and those in DFDBX+PCM group (p = 0.03). The highest rate of bone healing at the 8th week was found in DFDBX+PCM group, which showed significant difference compared to the control group (p=0.016) and to DFDBX group (p=0.048). There was a significant difference of osteocalcin expression between the control group and DFDBX group (p < 0.001), as well as between the control group and DFDBX + PCM group (p=0,0013). However, there was no significant difference between the DFDBX group and the DFDBX+PCM group (p = 1.000). Conclusion: Our radiological, histopahtological and immunohistochemical evaluation has demonstrated that DFDBX combined with PCM increases bone regeneration in the treatment of bone calvarial defect. ;Background :Reconstruction of cranial and maxillofacial defects is a challenging task. The standard method has been bone grafting and using membrane in guided boneregeneration procedure.The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of Demineralized Freeze Dried BoneXenograft (DFDBX) with (or without)bovine pericardium membrane (PCM) on boneregeneration, in surgically created critical-size defects in rat calvaria, radiographically,histopathologically and immunohistochemically.Material and Methods :Surgical critical-size bone defects were created in 45 animalsthat randomly divided into three groups : control group, DFDBX group, andDFDBX+PCM group. Animals were sacrified at 1, 4 and 8 weeks post surgery.Radiological analysis was done. The specimens were embedded ini paraffin, serially cut,and stained with hematoxylin and eosin for analysis under light microscope. Theinflammation reaction, new bone formation, and the rest of DFDBX and PCM werehistomorphometrically evaluated. Immunohistochemical analysis of osteocalcinexpression was performed. Result : DFDBX and DFDBX+PCM groups demonstrated superior bone healingcompared with control group. Group DFDBX+PCM showmore advanced healing at 8weeks post surgery and show the highest density radiographically as compared with theother group DFDBX and control.Immunohistochemistry revealed the presence ofosteocalcin in osteoblast and matrix extracellular and show significant differences werenoted between DFDBX and DFDBX+PCM to control groups.Conclusion : Application of DFDBX combined with bovine PCM gave the best result in bone regeneration of critical size defects in rat calvaria. , Background :Reconstruction of cranial and maxillofacial defects is a challenging task. The standard method has been bone grafting and using membrane in guided boneregeneration procedure.The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of Demineralized Freeze Dried BoneXenograft (DFDBX) with (or without)bovine pericardium membrane (PCM) on boneregeneration, in surgically created critical-size defects in rat calvaria, radiographically,histopathologically and immunohistochemically.Material and Methods :Surgical critical-size bone defects were created in 45 animalsthat randomly divided into three groups : control group, DFDBX group, andDFDBX+PCM group. Animals were sacrified at 1, 4 and 8 weeks post surgery.Radiological analysis was done. The specimens were embedded ini paraffin, serially cut,and stained with hematoxylin and eosin for analysis under light microscope. Theinflammation reaction, new bone formation, and the rest of DFDBX and PCM werehistomorphometrically evaluated. Immunohistochemical analysis of osteocalcinexpression was performed. Result : DFDBX and DFDBX+PCM groups demonstrated superior bone healingcompared with control group. Group DFDBX+PCM showmore advanced healing at 8weeks post surgery and show the highest density radiographically as compared with theother group DFDBX and control.Immunohistochemistry revealed the presence ofosteocalcin in osteoblast and matrix extracellular and show significant differences werenoted between DFDBX and DFDBX+PCM to control groups.Conclusion : Application of DFDBX combined with bovine PCM gave the best result in bone regeneration of critical size defects in rat calvaria. ]"

"Latar belakang dan tujuan: Prevalensi osteoporosis di Indonesia cukup tinggi disertai peningkatan risiko patah tulang terutama pada wanita. Pemeriksaan kepadatan massa tulang dengan DXA merupakan baku emas dalam mendiagnosis osteopenia maupun osteoporosis dan memperkirakan risiko patah tulang berdasarkan nilai T-score, namun ketersediaan perangkat DXA sangat terbatas di wilayah Indonesia. Indeks ketebalan korteks merupakan salah satu parameter sederhana, objektif, dan mudah diterapkan pada radiografi konventional dalam memperkirakan kepadatan massa tulang, namun perlu dibuktikan korelasinya dengan nilai T-score. Metode: Uji korelatif dengan pendekatan potong lintang pada nilai indeks ketebalan korteks femur proksimal menggunakan radiografi konvensional dan T-score kolum femur menggunakan DXA berdasarkan database populasi Indonesia, terhadap 31 subjek penelitian, menggunakan data sekunder dalam kurun waktu Juli 2012 sampai Juni 2016. Hasil: Dengan uji korelasi Pearson, didapatkan nilai p<0,000 dan r=0,76 antara nilai indeks ketebalan korteks femur proksimal menggunakan radiografi konvensional dan T-score kolum femur menggunakan DXA. Kesimpulan: Terdapat korelasi positif yang kuat antara nilai indeks ketebalan korteks femur proksimal menggunakan radiografi konvensional dan T-score kolum femur menggunakan DXA.

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Background and Objective: The prevalence of osteoporosis in Indonesia is high with increased risk of fractures, especially in women. Examination of bone density by DXA is the gold standard in the diagnosis of osteopenia or osteoporosis and predicts fracture risk based on the T-score, but the availability of DXA devices in Indonesia is very limited. The cortical thickness index is a simple, objective parameter, and easily applied to conventional radiography in estimating bone density, but needs to be proven its correlation with the T-score.

Methods: A cross sectional correlation study between the cortical thickness index of proximal femur by conventional radiography and T-score of femoral neck by DXA based on population database in Indonesia, conducted in 31 subjects in the period of July 2012 to June 2016.

Results : With the Pearson correlation test, there is a significant correlation (p < 0.001 and r = 0.76) between the cortical thickness index of proximal femur by conventional radiography and T-score of femoral neck by DXA.

Conclutions: There is a strong positive correlation between the cortical thickness index of proximal femur by conventional radiography and T-score of femoral neck by DXA."

"Today jawbone radiographic studies have shifted to 'bone quality'. The jawbone quality indicator which is often used is trabeculation density. To obtain accurate interpretation, analysis of jawbone quality needs modern radiographic imaging modalities that still very limited in Indonesia. In prosthetic dentistry analysis of tarabecular bone density in postmenopause women is very important to anticipate the possibility of osteoporotic cases. Because of inadequacy of human eye sight, information obtained from plain conventional radiographic is very limited. With digitized conventional radiogram, dentist could obtain more accurate information to analyze radiographic trabeculation density in Indonesia. The aim of this study is to get more quantitative radiographic data from digitized conventional radiogram comparing those obtained from conventional radiogram. 112 conventional radiograms were evaluated using grading of trabeculation density. The same radiograms then digitized to obtain the quantitative numeric data of trabeculation density. The result showed that each grade from conventional radiogram has a range of numeric value in the digitized radiogram. This result could provide higher accuracy of trabeculation density analysis than the value obtained by using human eyes that will be beneficial for the dentist, especially prosthodontist in Indonesia."

"Latar Belakang: Estimasi jenis kelamin merupakan prioritas penting dan langkah awal dalam proses identifikasi. Tulang orokraniofasial memiliki karakteristik dimorfik yang stabil dibandingkan tulang kerangka lainnya dan memiliki ketahanan tinggi terhadap pengaruh lingkungan. Saat ini, telah banyak peneliti diberbagai belahan dunia yang melaporkan penelitian secara metrik menggunakan parameter tulang orokraniofasial untuk estimasi jenis kelamin dan menunjukkan hasil akurasi yang signifikan pada setiap populasi. Populasi Trunyan merupakan bagian dari penduduk asli (indigenous people) dari Provinsi Bali. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui dari analisis metrik pada parameter tulang orokraniofasial, mana yang dapat menunjukkan dimorfisme seksual pada laki-laki dan perempuan Populasi Trunyan, Bali. Metode Penelitian: Sampel terdiri dari 20 kranium (9 laki-laki dan 11 perempuan). Pengukuran dilakukan pada 34 parameter kranial (gabungan parameter Populasi Thailand dan Populasi Brazil). Analisis dilakukan secara statistik menggunakan SPSS dan dilakukan uji regresi logistik. Hasil: Nilai rata-rata ukuran kranium laki-laki lebih besar daripada perempuan hampir pada beberapa parameter pengukuran, kecuali nasal breadth dan foramen magnum breadth. Hasil analisis didapatkan sepuluh parameter tulang orokraniofasial menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan antara jenis kelamin laki-laki dan perempuan pada populasi Trunyan (p<0,05) yaitu parameter maximum cranial length, bizygomatic breadth, lambda – rhinion (La-Rhi), lambda – nasospinale (La-Ns), lambda-right zygomaxillare (La-RZgm), lambda-left zygomaxillare (La-LZgm), biauricular breadth, frontal chord, mastoid length right dan mastoid length left. Hasil analisis regresi logistik didapatkan dua parameter memiliki hubungan yang kuat untuk jenis kelamin laki-laki dan perempuan yaitu bizygomatic breadth dan minimum frontal breadth (R2=0,477). Secara keseluruhan, persamaan regresi logistik menunjukkan akurasi sebesar 75% untuk estimasi jenis kelamin pada Trunyan. Kesimpulan: Analisis metrik pada parameter tulang orokraniofasial dapat menunjukkan dimorfisme seksual pada laki-laki dan perempuan Populasi Trunyan, Bali.

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Background: Sex estimation is an important priority and the first step in the identification process. Orocraniofacial bone has stable dimorphic characteristics compared to other skeletal bones and has high resistance to environmental influences. Currently, many researchers in various parts of the world have reported research on metrics using orocraniofacial bone parameters to estimate gender and showed significant accuracy results in each population. The Trunyan population is part of the Indigenous population (customary community) of Bali province. Objective: To determine the metric analysis of orocraniofacial bone parameters, which can indicate sexual dimorphism in males and females of the Trunyan population, Bali. Methods: The sample consisted of 20 craniums (9 males and 11 females). Measurements were made on 34 cranial parameters (combined parameters of the Thai population and the Brazilian population). The analysis was carried out statistically using SPSS and a logistic regression test. Results: The average size of male craniums is generally larger than that of females in most measurement parameters, except nasal breadth and foramen magnum breadth. The results of the analysis obtained ten orocraniofacial bone parameters which showed significant differences between male and female sex in the Trunyan population (p<0.05), which is the maximum cranial length, bizygomatic breadth, lambda – rhinion (La-Rhi), lambda – nasospinale (La-Ns), lambda-right zygomaxillare (La-RZgm), lambda-left zygomaxillare (La-LZgm), biauricular breadth, frontal chord, mastoid length right and mastoid length left. The results of the logistic regression analysis showed that two parameters had a strong relationship between males and females, which are bizygomatic breadth and minimum frontal breadth (R2=0,477). Overall, the logistic regression equation showed an accuracy of 75% for sex estimation in Trunyan. Conclusion: Metric analysis of orocraniofacial bone parameters can show sexual dimorphism in males and females of the Trunyan population, Bali."

"Latar Belakang : Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) telah dilaporkan memiliki efek positif pada regenerasi tulang, serta pada penyembuhan jaringan. PRP telah dianggap sebagai sumber autogenous dari faktor pertumbuhan terkonsentrasi yang dapat digunakan secara klinis untuk meningkatkan penyembuhan luka. Namun, kontroversi mengenai manfaatnya dalam regenerasi tulang. Dengan demikian, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh PRP terhadap pembentukan tulang pada fraktur mandibula. Efek PRP pada graft tulang adalah masalah yang menguntungkan. Telah dilaporkan bahwa PRP memperbaiki regenerasi tulang dalam graft tulang. Kematangan graft tulang dikombinasikan dengan PRP secara signifikan lebih besar dari tanpa PRP. Graft tulang yang dikombinasikan dengan PRP menunjukkan sistem Harversian yang matang dan proporsi lamelar yang lebih besar dan menghasilkan stabilitas hasil pemasangan graft tulang yang lebih superior. Digunakan pemindaian CBCT untuk memperkirakan proses penyembuhan tulang pada garis fraktur karena teknik ini dianggap sebagai salah satu teknik yang akurat, dapat direproduksi, dan noninvasif untuk mengukur kepadatan tulang.Tujuan : Mengetahui pengaruh penambahan Platelet Rich Plasma pada autogenous bonegraft terhadap densitas tulang (studi pada Ovis aries sebagai model manusia).Material dan Metode : Penelitian metode eksperimental analitik ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan Platelet Rich Plasma pada autogenous bonegraft terhadap densitas tulang (studi pada Ovis aries sebagai model manusia).Kesimpulan : Tidak terdapat pengaruh penambahan Platelet Rich Plasma pada autogenous bonegraft terhadap densitas tulang (studi pada Ovis aries sebagai model manusia) pada periode waktu 3 minggu dan 6 minggu antara kelompok yang diberikan PRP dan kelompok yang tidak diberikan PRP.Pada analisis sampel Non PRP 3 minggu dengan Non PRP 6 minggu terdapat perbedaan walaupun secara statistik tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan antara rerata PRP dan non PRP pada 3 minggu dan 6 minggu dengan nilai p> 0,05.

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Background : Although advances in understanding of peripheral nerve injury and regeneration and advances in surgical technique continue to be produced, successful results cannot be guaranteed after reconstructive surgery. Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) has been reported to have a positive effect on nerve regeneration, as well as on tissue healing. PRP has been considered an autologous source of concentrated growth factors that can be used clinically to improve wound healing. However, controversy still exists regarding its benefits in bone regeneration. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of PRP on bone formation in mandibular fractures. The effect of PRP on bonegraft is a beneficial issue. It has been reported that PRP improved bone regeneration in bonegrafts, also that the maturity of bonegraft combined with PRP was significantly greater than that without PRP, and that bonegraft combined with PRP showed a mature Harversian system and a larger proportion of lamellar, resulting in stability of the results. placement of a superior bonegraft. CBCT scans are used to estimate the bone healing process at the fracture line as it is considered one of the most accurate, reproducible, and noninvasive techniques for measuring bone density.

Aim: To determine the effect of Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) mixed with autogenous bonegraft on bone density in sheep (Ovis aries).

Materials and Methods: This analytical experimental research method was conducted to determine the effect of Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) mixed with autogenous bonegraft on the total bone density in sheep (Ovis aries).

Conclusion: The addition of Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) mixed with autogenous bonegraft had no effect on the increase in bone density at 3 weeks after bonegraft application and there was no difference in bone density between the groups that were given PRP and the groups that were not given PRP. In the sample analysis of Non PRP 3 weeks with Non PRP 6 weeks there is a difference even though it was no statistically significant difference between the mean PRP and non-PRP at 3 weeks and 6 weeks with p value> 0.05"