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"Both a serious academic text and a delightful story, this book offers a look at a full range of learning theories from behavioral to cognitive. It also covers memory, motivation, connectionism (neural net models), and social learning and concludes with a comprehensive synthesis.Summary:Both a serious academic text and a delightful story, this book offers a look at a full range of learning theories from behavioral to cognitive. It also covers memory, motivation, connectionism (neural net models), and social learning and concludes with a comprehensive synthesis.SynopsisPART I: SCIENCE AND THEORY. 1. Human Learning. PART II: MOSTLY BEHAVIORISTIC THEORIES. 2. Early Behaviorism: Pavlov, Watson, and Guthrie. 3. The Effects of Behavior: Thorndike and Hull. 4. Operant Conditioning: Skinner's Radical Behaviorism. 5. Evolutionary Psychology: Learning, Biology, and the Brain. PART III: THE BEGINNINGS OF MODERN COGNITIVISM. 6. A Transition to Modern Cognitivism: Hebb, Tolman, and the Gestaltists. PART IV: MOSTLY COGNITIVE THEORIES. 7. Three Cognitive Theories: Bruner, Piaget, and Vygotsky. 8. Symbolic Models of the Mind and Neural Networks. 9. Learning and Remembering. 10. Motivation. 11. Social Learning: Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory. PART V: SUMMARY. 12. Summary, Synthesis, and Integration. Epilogue. Glossary. References. Name Index."

"The Psychology of Fraud, Persuasion and Scam Techniques provides an in-depth explanation of not only why we fall for scams and how fraudsters use technology and other techniques to manipulate others, but also why fraud prevention advice is not always effective.Starting with how fraud victimisation is perceived by society and why fraud is underreported, the book explores the different types of fraud and the human and demographic factors that make us vulnerable. It explains how fraud has become increasingly sophisticated and how fraudsters use communication, deception and theories of rationality, cognition and judgmental heuristics, as well as specific persuasion and scam techniques, to encourage compliance. Covering frauds including romance scams and phishing attacks such as advance fee frauds and so-called miracle cures, the book explores ways we can learn to spot scams and persuasive communication, with checklists and advice for reflection and protection.Featuring a set of practical guidelines to reduce fraud vulnerability, advice on how to effectively report fraud and educative case studies and examples, this easy-to-read, instructive book is essential reading for fraud prevention specialists, fraud victims and academics and students interested in the psychology of fraud."

"Since the emergence of Western philosophy and science among the Classical Greeks, debates have raged over the relative significance of biology and culture on an individuals behavior. Today, recent advances in genetics and biological science have pushed many scholars past the tired nature versus nurture debate to examine the various ways in which the natural and the social interact to influence human behavior. This brings a fresh approach to this emerging perspective. Rather than try to solve these issues universally, the text demonstrates that both social and biological mechanisms have varying degrees of influence in different situations. Through case studies of human universals such as incest aversion, fear, appetite, grief, and sex, the book first discusses the extreme instances in which biology determines behavior, in which culture dominates, and in which culture overrides basic biological instincts. It then details the variety of ways in which genes and environments interact-for instance, the primal drive to eat and store calories when food supplies were scarce and behavioral patterns in a society in which food is abundant and obesity is stigmatized. Now that it is often easier to change our biology rather than our culture, an understanding of which behaviors and traits are simply normal or abnormal, and which are pathological or necessitate treatment, is more important than ever."

"Dewasa ini, pemain video game online merupakan pencipta yang seutuhnya atas karakter di dalam game yang dimainkan, sekalipun dalam pemilihan gender. Dengan demikian, mereka dapat bermain sebagai gender mereka sendiri atau memilih sebaliknya (silang gender). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang tersembunyi di balik fenomena persilangan gender, khususnya di kalangan pemain pria di salah satu game online terbesar, Final Fantasy XIV. Berbeda dengan kepercayaan luas yang mana persilangan gender dalam game dipandang sebagai cara untuk mendapatkan keuntungan di dalam game atau untuk ?memandangi bokong wanita saat berlari?, penelitian ini menemukan adanya faktor lain yang tersembunyi. Dengan menggunakan teori psikoanalisis dari Sigmund Freud (1993) dan melalui analisis mendalam dari hasil wawancara, ditemukan beberapa mekanisme pertahanan ego (defence mechanisms) yang mungkin ada di dalam diri pemain.

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Players of online video games nowadays have become the gods of their in-game characters, even when it comes to gender selection. Accordingly, it is possible for them to play as their real life gender or to choose the opposite (to cross gender). The aim of this research is to analyse the underlying factors behind the phenomenon of gendercrossing, particularly among male players in one of the large massively multi-player online role-playing games (MMORPGs), Final Fantasy XIV. In contrast to popular belief in which gender-crossing is seen as a way to receive more in-game advantages or to ?look at female?s butt while running?, this research discovers more than just what meets the eye. Using Sigmund Freud?s psychoanalytic theory (1933) and through a thorough analysis of the interview results, several probable defence mechanisms are found within the players."