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"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pengaruh dari perbedaan jenis kepemilikan bank terhadap pertumbuhan pinjaman bank di kawasan ASEAN-5 saat krisis keuangan global periode 2008-2009 dan krisis sovereign debt di Eropa periode 2010-2013. Terdapat 3 jenis kepemilikan bank yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini, yaitu kepemilikan pemerintah, kepemilikan swasta domestik, dan kepemilikan asing. Peneliti menemukan bahwa dikedua periode krisis, bank milik pemerintah cenderung memiliki pertumbuhan yang lebih tinggi daripada bank swasta domestik. Sedangkan, bank asing memiliki pertumbuhan pinjaman yang lebih rendah dibandingkan bank-bank domestik di kawasan ASEAN-5 saat terjadi krisis sovereign debt di Eropa. Akan tetapi, pada saat krisis keuangan global 2008-2009, pertumbuhan pinjaman bank asing di ASEAN-5 lebih tinggi dibandingkan bank milik pemerintah maupun bank swasta domestik Terdapat perbedaan perilaku antara bank asing dan bank domestik di ASEAN-5 selama periode krisis.

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This study aims to identify the impact of bank ownership types on the growth of bank lending in ASEAN 5 region during the 2008 2009 global financial crisis and the European sovereign debt crisis 2010 2013. There are three types of bank ownership that used in this study state owned, private domestic owned, and foreign owned. This study found that the government owned banks had higher lending growth than domestic private owned banks during the crisis period. Meanwhile, foreign banks had lower bank lending growth than domestic banks in ASEAN 5 during the European sovereign debt crisis. However, during the global financial crisis, foreign owned banks in ASEAN 5 tend to lend more and had higher lending growth than government owned banks and domestic private banks. There are differences in the behavior of foreign and domestic banks in ASEAN 5 during the crisis."

"Laporan berikut telah dimasukkan secara komprehensif untuk menganalisis efek dari Krisis Keuangan Global dan Euro Sovereign Krisis Utang ke Barclays Bank dan OCBC Bank, kinerja dan manajemen risiko dua bank dari Inggris dan Singapura selama krisis yang merusak Eropa dan sektor keuangan dunia. Kami tertarik untuk meninjau kinerja Barclays Bank karena mereka adalah Bank terbesar kedua dalam hal aset di Inggris bahwa selama krisis keuangan didakwa untuk memalsukan tingkat Libor, jumlah $ 451.400.000 didenda kepada Bank multinasional ini. Kami juga ingin melihat dampak dari Krisis Keuangan terhadap kinerja OCBC Bank Singapura, dan bagaimana mereka menyelesaikan masalah dari Krisis Keuangan Global dan Euro Sovereign Krisis Utang, OCBC Bank dikenal sebagai yang paling beragam dari ketiga Bank lokal di Singapore. Untuk timeline laporan ini kita memutuskan untuk menganalisis 2007‐2013, karena kami berharap untuk menganalisis sebelum dan afther Krisis Keuangan Global yang berdampak pada 2008 dan Euro Sovereign Krisis Utang yang meletus sekitar 2009‐2010, dan jika ada setelah efek ini krisis masih berlangsung pada kinerja dan risiko manajemen, kami juga ingin melihat strategi dua bank tersebut dalam mengatasi masalah ini.

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The following reports has been put comprehensively to analyse the effects of the Global Financial Crisis and Euro Sovereign Debt Crisis to Barclays Bank and OCBC Bank, performance of these two Banks and the risk management of these two banks of United Kingdom and Singapore during the crises that ruin the Europe and world financial sector. We are interested to review the performance of Barclays Bank as they are the second biggest Bank in term of assets in UK that during financial crisis was charged for falsifying Libor rates, the amount of $451.4 million were fined to this multinational Bank. We also like to see the impacts of the Financial Crises to the performance of OCBC Bank of Singapore, and how they resolve the issues of Global Financial Crisis and Euro Sovereign Debt Crisis, OCBC Bank is known as the most diversified of all three local Banks in Singapore. For the timeline of this report, we decide to analyse from 2007 to 2013, as we hope to analyse before and after the Global Financial Crisis that impacted on 2008 and Euro Sovereign Debt Crisis erupted around 2009 to 2010, and if there are any after effects of this still ongoing crisis on their performances and risk managements, we also like to see the strategies of these two banks in overcoming these issues."

"Stochastic Optimal Control (SOC), a mathematical theory concerned with minimizing a cost (or maximizing a payout) pertaining to a controlled dynamic process under uncertainty—has proven incredibly helpful to understanding and predicting debt crises and evaluating proposed financial regulation and risk management. Stochastic Optimal Control and the U.S. Financial Debt Crisis analyzes SOC in relation to the 2008 U.S. financial crisis, and offers a detailed framework depicting why such a methodology is best suited for reducing financial risk and addressing key regulatory issues. Topics discussed include the inadequacies of the current approaches underlying financial regulations, the use of SOC to explain debt crises and superiority over existing approaches to regulation, and the domestic and international applications of SOC to financial crises. "

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh penggunaan utang dalam struktur modal terhadap agency cost pada perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di BEI tahun 2010 yang mengalami financial distress maupun yang tidak mengalami financial distress. Agency cost diukur dengan dua proksi yaitu pertama, rasio biaya penjualan dan administrasi terhadap penjualan dan kedua, interaksi antara jumlah free cash flow dan tingkat pertumbuhan perusahaan.Jumlah sampel yang didapat adalah sebanyak 138 perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di BEI tahun 2010. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan pengaruh penggunaan utang terhadap agency cost antara perusahaan yang mengalami financial distress dan perusahaan yang tidak mengalami financial distress. Namun kesimpulan ini hanya didapatkan dengan penggunaan proksi interaksi free cash flow dan tingkat pertumbuhan. Pada subsampel perusahaan yang tidak mengalami financial distress, penggunaan utang terbukti dapat menurunkan agency cost dengan menggunakan rasio biaya penjualan sebagai proksinya. Pada subsampel perusahaan yang mengalami financial distress, tidak ditemukan bukti bahwa penggunaan utang berpengaruh terhadap agency cost.

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ABSTRACTThis study aims to examine the effect of debt in capital structure to the agency cost of financial distress and nonfinancial distress companies. Agency cost is measured by two proxies: first, the ratio of selling and administrative expenses to sales, and second, the interaction between the amount of free cash flow and company growth rate.138 manufacturing companies listed on the Stock Exchange in 2010 were used as samples. The results showed that there were differences in the effects of debt used to the agency cost between financial distress and nonfinancial distress companies. However, this finding was only obtained when I use interaction of free cash flow and growth rate as the proxy for agency cost. In the subsample of firms that do not experience financial distress, the use of debt is proven to reduce agency cost by using the ratio of selling and administrative expenses to sales as the proxy. There was no evidence that debt had a significant effect on agency cost in financial distress companies."

"[ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor faktor yang mempengaruhi pengambilan kebijakan bailout III setelah kegagalan kedua program bailoutdi Yunani Kebijakan bailout III bertentangan denga opini publik Yunani yang menolak kebijakan bailout diimplementasikan di Yunani Analisis penelitian ini menggunakan teori two level games oleh Robert Putnam dengan metode kualitatif Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pengambilan kebijakan bailout III dipengaruhi oleh tekanan Troika kepada pemerintah Yunani untuk memperpanjang program bailout dan juga tekanan ekonomi domestik yang disuarakan oleh para bankir di Yunani untuk segera mendapatkan bantuan dana sehingga dapat menghindarkan Yunani dari krisis Persetujuan Yunani untuk mengambil kebijakan bailout III mencerminkan lemahnya peran negara dalam menghadapi tekanan internasional maupun tuntutan domestik yang bertentangan satu sama lain ABSTRACTThis research aimed to analyze the factors that influence policy making at the third bailout in Greece after the failure of the fisrt bailout and second bailout Moreover the third bailout policy opposed by Greek public opinion which rejected the bailout The analysis of this research is using two level games theory by Robert Putnam and also using qualitative methods This research shows that the policy making at the third bailout influenced by Troika pressure on Greek government to extend the bailout Furthermore there is economic domestic pressure that voiced by the bankers in Greece to get funding immediately to avoid the Greek sovereign debt crisis Greek agreement to take the third bailout reflects the role of the weak states dealing with international pressure and domestic demands , This research aimed to analyze the factors that influence policy making at the third bailout in Greece after the failure of the fisrt bailout and second bailout Moreover the third bailout policy opposed by Greek public opinion which rejected the bailout The analysis of this research is using two level games theory by Robert Putnam and also using qualitative methods This research shows that the policy making at the third bailout influenced by Troika pressure on Greek government to extend the bailout Furthermore there is economic domestic pressure that voiced by the bankers in Greece to get funding immediately to avoid the Greek sovereign debt crisis Greek agreement to take the third bailout reflects the role of the weak states dealing with international pressure and domestic demands ]"

"ABSTRACTThe main aim of this research is to observe the relationship between credit rating as a measure of creditworthiness and the yield spreads of the emerging sovereign debt of ASEAN 4 countries which include Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, and Thailand from 2000 to 2014. This research uses a panel data estimation of a multivariate model of sovereign yield spreads. The explanatory variables are grouped into default risk variable which is represented by the credit rating, liquidity, solvency, macroeconomic fundamentals variables, and external indicator variable. The obtained results of panel data estimation showed that credit rating has significant impact on yield spread and suggested that higher notch in credit rating does lower the level of yield spread. This research also examines how level of financial development, indicated by the state of banking sector, stock markets, and bond markets of each country is responsible for the variations in yield spread unexplained by the credit rating alone. For instance, this paper finds that superior level of financial development in Malaysia suggests relatively lower level of yield spreads on average compared to the rest of ASEAN 4 countries.

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ABSTRAKTujuan utama penelitian ini adalah untuk mengobservasi hubungan antara peringkat kredit sebagai pengukur tingkat layak kredit dan spread hasil pada utang pemerintah pada 4 negara ASEAN yang terdiri dari Indonesia, Malaysia, Filipina, dan Thailand dari tahun 2000 sampai 2014. Penelitian ini menggunakan estimasi panel data pada model multivariabel spread hasil pemerintah. Variabel-variabel eksplanatori dikemlopokan ke dalam variable resiko gagal bayar yang mana direpresentasikan oleh peringkat kredit, likuiditas, solvensi, variabel-variabel fundamental makroekonomi, dan variable indikasi eksternal. Hasil yang diperoleh dari estimasi panel data menunjukan bahwa peringkat kredit memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap spread hasil dan menyarankan bahwa peringkat yang lebih tinggi akan menurunkan tingkat spread hasil. Penelitian ini juga menguji bagaimana tingkat kemajuan finansial, yang diindikasikan oleh keadaan sector perbankan, pasar saham, dan pasar obligasi pada tiap negara, berpengaruh pada variasi di spread hasil yang tidak dapat dijelaskan oleh peringkat kredit sendiri. Sebagai contoh, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa tingkat kemajuan finansial yang lebih superior pada negara Malaysia dibandingkan dengan ketiga negara ASEAN lainnya, menunjukan bahwa Malaysia memiliki rata-rata spread hasil yang lebih rendah."