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"Uji klinis paralel alokasi acak tersamar ganda ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian kreatin monohidrat sebesar 20 gram/hari selama 7 hari berturut-turut terhadap kadar malondialdehida (MDA) plasma pasca latihan lari sprint pada atlet laki-laki lari jarak pendek (100 dan 200 meter), usia 18-25 tahun. Sejumlah 20 subyek dipilih dan dibagi menjadi dua kelompok dengan randomisasi blok, 10 subyek kelompok perlakuan (KP) dan 10 subyek kelompok kontrol (KK). Subyek KP mendapat kreatin monohidrat 20 gram/hari + maltodekstrin 50 gram/hari, sedangkan subyek KK mendapat maltodekstrin 50 gram/hari. Data yang diambil meliputi usia, indeks massa tubuh (IMT), massa lemak (ML), massa bebas lemak (MBL), cairan tubuh total (CTT), asupan energi, karbohidrat, protein, kreatin, karotenoid, vitamin C, vitamin E, dan kadar MDA plasma. Pemeriksaan kadar MDA plasma dilakukan sebelum dan setelah periode perlakuan. Analisis data menggunakan uji t tidak berpasangan dan uji Mann-Whitney dengan batas kemaknaan 5%. Analisis lengkap dilakukan pada 20 subyek yaitu 10 subyek KP [usia 18,50 (18,00-19,00 tahun)] dan 10 subyek KK [usia 18,00 (18,00-24,00 tahun)]. Kadar MDA plasma sebelum perlakuan pada KP dan KK adalah 0,32 ± 0,11 μM dan 0,33 ± 0,10 μM (p = 0,95). Kadar MDA plasma setelah perlakuan lebih rendah pada KP dibandingkan KK, yaitu KP 0,32 ± 0,11 μM dan KK 0,34 ± 0,13 μM (p = 0,66). Perbedaan perubahan kadar MDA plasma pada KP 0,00 ± 0,16 μM dan KK 0,01 ± 0,17 μM (p = 0,83). Tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan perubahan kadar MDA plasma setelah pemberian kreatin monohidrat 20 gram/hari pada KP dibandingkan KK. Penelitian ini belum dapat membuktikan pengaruh pemberian kreatin monohidrat 20 gram/hari selama 7 hari berturut-turut dalam menurunkan kadar MDA plasma pasca latihan lari sprint pada atlet laki-laki lari jarak pendek.

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This parallel double-blind randomized clinical trial aims to investigate the effect of 20 gram/day creatine monohydrate supplementation for 7 days on plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) level after sprint running in male short-distance runner (100 and 200 meter) aged 18-25 years. A total of 20 subjects were selected and randomly allocated to one of two groups using block randomization, 10 subjects for treatment group (TG) and 10 subjects for control group (CG). The TG received 20 gram/day creatine monohydrate + maltodextrin 50 gram/day, and the CG received 50 gram/day maltodextrin. Data were collected in this study included age, body mass index (BMI), fat mass (FM), fat free mass (FFM), total body water (TBW), intake of energy, carbohydrate, protein, creatine, carotenoid, vitamin C, vitamin E, and plasma MDA level. Assessment of plasma MDA level was carried out before and after supplementation.

Statistical analyses included independent t-test and Mann-Whitney test with significance level was 5%. Twenty subjects completed this study, 10 subjects in TG [aged 18.50 (18.00-19.00) years] and 10 subjects in CG [aged 18.00 (18.00-24.00) years]. Plasma MDA levels before treatment were 0.32 ± 0.11 μM for TG and 0.33 ± 0.10 μM for CG (p = 0.95), respectively plasma MDA levels after treatment for TG was lower than CG; 0.32 ± 0.11 μM and 0.34 ± 0.13 μM (p = 0.66). The difference of plasma MDA level for TG was 0.00 ± 0.16 μM and CG was 0.01 ± 0.17 μM (p = 0.83). No statistically significant difference was found after 20 gram/day creatine monohydrate supplementation between 2 groups. This study has not proven yet the effect of 20 gram/day creatine monohydrate for 7 days in decreasing plasma MDA level after sprint running in male short-distance runner."

"Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui apakah pemberian minuman karbohidrat berkafein (MKK) lebih baik dibandingkan minuman isotonis (MI) terhadap fase pemulihan setelah berlari 10.000 m, dengan indikator kelelahan (perubahan skor RPE dan kadar asam laktat serum), dan kadar glukosa darah. Selain itu, untuk mengetahui karakteristik dasar dan asupan makanan para atlet. Penelitian ini menggunakan studi eksperimental dengan desain paralel, alokasi acak, tersamar tunggal, dan dilaksanakan di Stadion Madya, Jakarta. Subyek penelitian sebanyak 20 pelari jarak jauh putra dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok, yaitu kelompok perlakuan (KP, n =10) dan kelompok kontrol (KK, n =10). Selama 4 jam masa pemulihan, KP mendapat MKK dan KK mendapat MI, masing-masing sebanyak 2 L. Tidak ada perbedaan signifikan pada karakteristik dasar, asupan makanan, skor RPE, kadar asam laktat serum, dan kadar glukosa darah antara kedua kelompok. Namun, asupan energi dibandingkan dengan kebutuhan energi total subyek, hanya mencapai 87,8 ± 8,14%. Hal ini menunjukkan perlu edukasi nutrisi secara tepat dan berulang kepada para atlet lari jarak jauh. Kesimpulan yang dapat diambil adalah pemberian MKK sama baiknya dengan MI dalam menurunkan kelelahan dan meningkatkan resintesis glikogen pada masa pemulihan setelah olahraga.

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The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of caffeinated-carbohydrate drink (CCD) in comparing with isotonic drink (ID) in recovery phase after 10.000 meters run, using fatigue indicator (change on the RPE score and lactic acid level), and blood glucose level. In addition, to determine the basic characteristic and food intake of the athletes. Design of this study is randomized, controlled, single-blinded, clinical trial, and implemented at Madya Stadium, Jakarta. Twenty male long distance runners who participated as the subject of this study were divided into 2 groups: (i) experimental group (n =10), and (ii) control group (n =10). During 4 hours recovery period, after 10.000 meters run, experimental group received 2 liters CCD and control group received 2 liters ID. There were no significant differences in the basic characteristic, food intake, RPE score, lactic acid level, and blood glucose level between both groups. However, energy intake in comparing with the total energy requirement of the subject, only reaching 87.8 ± 8.14% . This data showed that we need to continuously provide education or knowledge on the proper nutrition to the long distance runner athletes. As a conclusion, CCD is as good as ID in decreasing fatigue and increasing glycogen resynthesis on recovery phase post-exercise"

"ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian teh hijauterhadap stres oksidatif postprandial pasca asupan makanan tinggi lemak padaindividu dewasa muda sehat. Penelitian ini merupakan studi eksperimental dengandesain alokasi acak menyilang tersamar tunggal yang melibatkan 19 orangsubyek, 8 laki-laki dan 11 perempuan, dengan median usia 20 tahun (19–21tahun). Subyek penelitian diberikan 6 g teh hijau dalam 300 mL air atau airputih setelah mengonsumsi burger dengan total energi 1066 kkal dan komposisilemak 57,71% pada dua kesempatan yang berbeda. Kadar MDA plasma diukurpada awal dan 2 jam setelah mengonsumsi makanan dan minuman yangdiberikan. Median perubahan kadar MDA plasma pada pemberian teh hijauadalah 0,04 (-0,19–0,11) dan rerata perubahan kadar MDA plasma pada pemberianair putih adalah 0,01 ± 0,04. Tidak didapatkan perbedaan bermakna perubahankadar MDA plasma 2 jam postprandial antara pemberian teh hijau dibandingkandengan pemberian air putih (p=0,296). Pada penelitian ini dapat disimpulkanbahwa konsumsi teh hijau dosis tunggal pasca asupan makanan tinggi lemak tidakmemberikan penurunan stres oksidatif postprandial pada individu dewasa mudasehat.

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ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of green tea cathecins tomodify postprandial oxidative stress after a high-fat meal in healthy young adults.This is a randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled trial which involved 19subjects, 8 men and 11 women, with median age 20 years (19–21 years) Afterconsuming a high-fat burger (1066 kcal with 57,71% fat), subjects were given 6 ggreen tea in 300 ml water or drinking water on two separate occasions. Bloodsamples were collected pre-meal (fasted) and 120 min post meal, and assayed forplasma malondialdehyde (MDA). Median changes of MDA concentration aftergreen tea was 0,04 (-0,19–0,11) and mean changes of MDA concentration afterdrinking water was 0,01 ± 0,04. There was no significant difference of MDAconcentration changes between green tea and drinking water. The data indicatethat consuming single dose green tea after a high-fat meal could not attenuatepostprandial oxidative stress in healthy young adult."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan perubahan kadarmalondialdehida plasma pada perawat dan pegawai administrasi yang telahbekerja selama 7 jam berturut-turut dan mendapatkan modifikasi makanan berupamakanan dengan kandungan makronutrien sebesar 65% dari kebutuhan sehari danasupan mikronutrien antioksidan (β-karoten, vitamin C, vitamin E, Cu, Zn, danSe) sebesar 65% dari AKG/DRI. Penelitian ini merupakan suatu penelitianpotong lintang berulang dengan rentang jangka waktu pemeriksaan pertamadengan pemeriksaan kedua adalah satu shift kerja (7 jam). Pengambilan datadilakukan di RSUD Tarakan, Jakarta pada bulan Januari sampai Februari 2013.Sebanyak 39 orang subyek bersedia ikut serta dalam penelitian ini dan sebanyak31 orang subyek (15 perawat dan 16 pegawai administrasi) memenuhi kriteriapenelitian. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi karakteristik demografi, dataantropometri (berat badan dan tinggi badan), pola asupan makronutrien danmikronutrien antioksidan, serta pemeriksaan kadar malondialdehida plasma.Rerata persentase asupan lemak terhadap energi pada kelompok perawat (37 +5,79 %) dan kelompok pegawai administrasi (36,57 + 6,72 %) melebihi asupanlemak total yang dianjurkan. Sebesar 42,86% subyek pada kelompok perawat danpegawai administrasi memiliki asupan β-karoten yang kurang berdasarkan DRI,14,29% subyek pada kelompok perawat dan 35,71% subyek pada kelompokpegawai administrasi memiliki asupan vitamin C yang kurang berdasarkan AKG.Sebagian besar subyek pada kedua kelompok memiliki asupan vitamin E, Cu, Zndan Se yang kurang dibandingkan AKG/DRI. Terdapat peningkatan bermaknakadar MDA plasma kelompok perawat setelah bekerja dan mendapatkan asupanmakanan (p = 0,001) tetapi tidak pada kelompok pegawai administrasi (p =0,063). Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara rerata perubahan kadar MDAplasma sebelum dan setelah bekerja serta mendapatkan asupan makanan padakelompok perawat dan pegawai administrasi. Dari penelitian ini dapatdisimpulkan bahwa terdapat peningkatan bermakna kadar MDA plasma setelahbekerja dan mendapatkan asupan makanan pada kelompok perawat yangmenunjukkan peningkatan kerusakan oksidatif setelah bekerja.

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ABSTRACTThe aim of study is to find out the differences of plasma malondialdehydeconcentration in nurses and administrative workers after 7 hours of work and hadmeal modifications which contain 65% of total daily needs macronutrient and65% of AKG/DRI antioxidant (β-carotene, vitamin C, vitamin E, Cu, Zn, and Se).This is a repeated cross-sectional study. The range from first examination tosecond examination is one work shift (7 hours). The data were obtained inTarakan District General Hospital, Jakarta from January to February 2013. Outof 39 people whom signed the consents, 31 people matched the study criteria. Thedata taken in this study include demographic characteristic, anthropometric(weight and height), assessment of macronutrient and antioxidant micronutrientintake, and plasma malondialdehyde. The mean of percentage fat intake perenergy in nurses group were 37 + 5,79 % and in administrative workers groupwere 36,57 + 6,72 %, both of them exceed the recommendation of fat intake. Asmuch as 42,86% subjects in both group had a low β-carotene intake according toDRI, 14,29% subjects in nurses group and 35,71% in administrative workersgroup had a low vitamin C intake according to AKG. Most subjects in both grouphad a low vitamin C, Cu, Zn, and Se intake according to AKG/DRI. There was asignificant increase of plasma MDA concentration after work and mealmodification within nurses group (p = 0,001), but not on administrative workers?(p = 0,063). There were no significant increases of plasma MDA concentrationafter work and meal modification between nurses group and administrativeworkers group. The conclusion of this study is there was a significant increase ofplasma MDA concentration after work and had meal modification within nursesgroup, which implicates an increase of oxidative damage after work."

"Tujuan Penelitian : menilai pengaruh konsumsi cairan isotonis yang mengandung glukosa dan elektrolit terhadap keseimbangan cairan dan elektrolit tubuh, kelelahan, serta pemulihan pasca berolahraga.Tempat: Laboratorium Fisologi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia.Latar belakang dan Cara Penelitian : Keseimbangan cairan dan elektrolit penundaan kelelahan, Serta pemulihan pasca berolahraga sudah lama menarik perhalian para ahli. Ganguan dari Salah satu komponen tersebut telah dapat mengakibatkan gangguan fungsi rubuh dan menurunkan kinerja dalam berolahraga. Banyak penelilian telah dilakukan untuk mengoptimalkan kinerja berolahraga. dan cara yang umum dipakai adalah dengan memberikan cairan isotonik yang mengandung glukosa dan elektrolit. Namun yang masih menjadi permasalahan adalah apakah pemberian cairan isotonik dapat menjaga keseimbangan cairan dan elektrolit, menunda kelelahan. dan mengoptimalkan pemulihan Iebih baik dibandingkan air. Maka dilakukan penelitian pengaruh pemberian cairan isotonik terhadap 11 orang atlet lari jarak menengah atau jauh pria DKI Jakarta dengan desain eksperimen crossover design.Hasil : pemberian cairan isotonik secara bermakna lebih baik dalam menjaga keseimbangan cairan di mana rata-rata selisih kadar Hb dan Ht sebelum dan setelah aktivitas pada kelompok isotonik (-0,21 kurang lebih 0,69 g/dL dan -0.68 kurang lebih 2,11%) dan (0.26 kurang lebih 0,49 g/dL dan 1,11 kurang lebih 1.34 %) pada kelompok air. Waktu terjadi kelelahan berbeda bermakna antara kelompok isotonik dan air (79,45 kurang lebih 12.52 menit vs 58.72 kurang lebih 10.43 menit), Kadar glukosa darah lebih baik pada kelompok isotonik dibanding air, baik pada saat aktivitas fisik dan pada saat pemulihan. Tidak ditemukan perbedaan brmakna untuk denyut nadi keseimbangan elektrolit (kadar natrium dan kalium), serta kadar laktat pada kedua kelompok.Kesimpulan : pemberian cairan isotonik selama olahraga dan masa pemulihan dapat menjaga keseimbangan cairan meningkatkan daya tahan dan mempertahankan kadar glukosa aktivitas dan pemulihan lebih baik dari air."

"ABSTRAKUji klinis yang dilakukan secara paralel, tersamar ganda dengan alokasi acak ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh pemberian kreatin monohidrat terhadap kerusakan otot pasca latihan lari sprint yang dinilai dengan aktivitas creatine kinase (CK) serum dan skor visual analog scale (VAS) nyeri otot pada atlet lari jarak pendek laki-laki usia 18–25 tahun. Subyek penelitian berjumlah 20 orang yang dibagi menjadi dua kelompok yaitu 10 orang kelompok perlakuan (KP) dan 10 orang kelompok kontrol (KK). Subyek KP diberikan kreatin monohidrat 20 g/hari dan maltodekstrin 50 g/hari, subyek KK mendapat maltodekstrin 50 g/hari saja, suplementasi diberikan selama 7 hari berturut-turut. Pengambilan data aktivitas CK serum dan skor VAS nyeri otot dilakukan pasca latihan lari sprint pada pra dan pasca perlakuan. Rerata IMT pada KP dan KK adalah 21,14 ± 1,30 kg/m2 dan 20,15 ± 1,97 kg/m2 berturut-turut. Rerata presentase massa lemak pada KP sebesar 7,79 ± 2,55% sedangkan KK 7,23 ± 2,42%. Asupan energi dan karbohidrat kedua kelompok termasuk kurang sedangkan asupan protein termasuk cukup. Persentase peningkatan aktivitas CK serum lebih besar pada KP dibandingkan KK (KP 43,8%; KK 19,2%) meskipun lebih banyak subyek pada KP yang mengalami penurunan aktivitas CK serum dibandingkan KK. Skor VAS nyeri otot kedua kelompok menurun, namun jumlah subyek yang merasakan tidak nyeri pada KP lebih banyak daripada KK. Uji statistik menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan pada perubahan aktivitas CK serum dan nyeri otot antara kedua kelompok. Penelitian ini belum dapat membuktikan pengaruh pemberian kreatin monohidrat selama 7 hari dalam mencegah kerusakan otot pasca latihan lari sprint.

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ABSTRACTThis parallel double-blind randomized clinical trial aims to investigate the effects of creatine monohydrate supplementation on muscle damage post-sprint running exercise based on serum creatine kinase (CK) activity and visual analog scale (VAS) score of muscle soreness in 18 to 25 y.o. male sprinter athletes. Twenty subjects were divided into two groups: treatment group/TG (n = 10) and control group/CG (n = 10). The TG received 20 g creatine monohydrate with 50 g maltodextrin per day and the CG was given 50 g maltodextrin per day for 7 days. Serum CK activity and muscle soreness post-sprint running exercise was measured before and after supplementation. The mean BMI of TG and CG were 21.14 ± 1.30 kg/m2 and 20.15 ± 1.97 kg/m2 respectively. The mean of fat mass percentage in TG was 7.79 ± 2.55% while in CG was 7.23 ± 2.42%. Energy and carbohydrate intakes were low but protein intake was enough. The increased percentage of serum CK activity was higher in TG (TG 43.8% vs CG 19.2%) although more subjects in TG had serum CK activity decrease. Meanwhile, VAS muscle soreness score of the two groups decreased, but the number of subjects with no pain were higher in TG. There were no significant difference in the changes of serum CK activity and muscle soreness between the two groups. The results suggest that creatine monohydrate supplementation does not prevent muscle damage post-sprint running exercise."

"Tujuan : Mengetahui pengaruh suplementasi vitamin B6, B12 dan asam folat terhadap kadar homosistein plasma pada lansia dalam rangka mengurangi risiko terjadinya aterosklerosis.Tempat : Panti werdha Santa Anna - Jakarta.Bahan dan cara : penelitian eksperimental pra dan pasca suplementasi vitamin B6 (10 mg), B12 (400 µg) dan asam folat (1 mg) yang diberikan per oral, sekali sehari selama 6 minggu, terhadap 10 subyek lansia (60 tahun) yang telah memenuhi kriteria penerimaan dan penolakan. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi data non nutrisi, data nutrisi, data antropametri, status vitamin B6, kadar vitamin B12 serum dan asam folat serum dan kadar homosistein plasma.Hasil : Pada pra suplementasi, diketahui prevalensi subyek dengan hiperhomosisteinemia tipe ringan sebesar 70%. Prevalensi defisiensi vitamin B6 (KA ASATE>I,40), 812 (<258 pmol/L) dan asam folat (<15 nmo/L) adalah 30%,30% dan 90%. Prevalensi defisiensi vitamin B6, B12 dan asam folat pada subyek dengan hiperhomosisteinemia adalah 14%, 43% dan 85%. Pada pasca suplementasi didapatkan perbaikan pada seluruh hasil pemeriksaan laboratorium secara bermakna (p<0,05) yaitu penurunan KA ASATE 11,68%, kenaikan kadar vitamin B12 serum 111,75%, kenaikan kadar asam folat serum 139,05% dan penurunan kadar homosistein plasma 36,68%.Kesimpulan : Suplementasi vitamin B6, B12 dan asam folat terbukti secara efektif dan elision dapat memperbaiki status vitamin dan menurunkan kadar homosistein plasma secara bermakna pada seluruh subyek penelitian.

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Objective : To identify the effect of vitamin B6, B12 and folate supplementation to plasma homocysteine concentration of elderly people in respect of minimizing atherosclerosis risks.Place :Panri werdha Santa Anna - Jakarta.Materials and Methods :Experimental study of pre and post oral supplementation of vitamin B6 (10 mg), B12 (400 }1g) and folate (1 mg), once a day for 6 weeks continuously applied to 10 elderly subjects NO years) passing through pre-defined inclusion criteria. Relevant information and data was collected through questionnaire, field observation and laboratory measurement which comprise of ages, sex, education, anthropometrics, dietary intake, food frequency amount, food habits, vitamin B6, B12 and folate status and finally plasma homocysteine concentration.Results :During pre-supplementation, 70% of subjects was classified as moderate hyperhomocysteinemia. Cut off points to define deficiency vitamin status are erytrocyte aspartate aminotransferase activity coefficient (EAST-AC) >1,40 for vitamin B6 , serum vitamin B12 and folate concentrations were <258 pmol/L and <15 nmol/L respectively. The overall prevalence of deficiencies vitamin B6, B12 and folate status were 30%, 30% and 90% respectively. The prevalence of deficiencies vitamin B6, B12 and folate status in hyperhomocysteinemia subjects were 14%, 43% and 85% respectively. During post supplementation, no more vitamins deficiencies subjects was detected. Post supplementation laboratory measurement indicate the following significant improvement (p<0,05) on EAST-AC reduction 11,68%, serum vitamin B12 concentration improvement to 111,75%, serum folate concentration improvement to 139,05% and reduction of plasma homocysteine concentration of 36,68%.Conclusion :Supplementation of vitamin B6, B12 and folate are effectively and significantly improve both vitamin status and plasma homocysteine concentration level of all subjects."

"ABSTRAKTujuan : Untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian makanan tambahan yang berupa karbohidrat serta cairan dan elektrolit terhadap perubahan kemampuan fisik atlet.Tempat Pelatnas Dayung, Jatiluhur, PurwakartaRuang Lingkup dan Cara Penelitian : Perahu tradisional/perahu naga merupakan salah satu jenis olahraga yang sudah membawa harum nama bangsa Indonesia. Kemampuan fisik atlet yang prima dapat menunjang peningkatan prestasi, tetapi jika pertandingan dilakukan berulang-ulang dan dalam waktu yang relatif singkat maka prestasi tersebut akan menurun, oleh sebab itu dianjurkan memberikan makanan tambahan untuk mengurangi penurunan prestasi tersebut. Olahraga dayung (perahu tradisional/perahu naga) merupakan olahraga kombinasi antara ketahanan fisik (endurance) dan kekuatan serta kecepatan (power), maka sangat membutuhkan karbohidrat sebagai sumber energi utama. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian makanan tambahan yang berupa karbohidrat, cairan dan elektrolit terhadap perubahan kemampuan fisik. Penelitian ini merupakan suatu studi eksperimental pre- dan pasca- tes dengan menggunakan subjek yang sama sebagai kontrol dan perlakuan. Tes kemampuan fisik dilakukan di darat (tes dragon eigotneter dan tes lari metode Balke) dan di air (tes louring), pada saat perlakuan diberikan makanan tambahan (apel dan atau pisang) serta minuman karbohidrat dan elektrolit dengan jumlah asupan energi antara 404,18 - 415,19 Kkal sedangkan asupan karbohidrat antara 97,13 - 103,65 g.Hasil : Asupan karbohidrat sebelum perlakuan 59,7 % sedangkan sesudah perlakuan 61,4 %. Kadar ureum darah sesudah perlakuan (27,96 mgldL) lebih rendah daripada sebelum perlakuan (36,91 mg/dL), hingga juga kadar CK darah sesudah perlakuan (55,55 mg/L) lebih rendah daripada sebelum perlakuan (64,23 mg/L). Kadar hematokrit sesudah perlakuan (45,32 vol %) lebih rendah daripada sebelum perlakuan (46,50 vol %), begitu juga kadar Na darah sesudah perlakuan (142,23 mg/L) lebih rendah daripada sebelum perlakuan (145.50 mg/L), sedangkan kadar K darah sesudah perlakuan (4,35 mg/L) lebih tinggi daripada sebelum perlakuan (3,93 mg/L). Perubahan berat badan sesudah perlakuan (0,02 kg), lebih sedikit daripada sebelumnya (0,50 kg) dan dengan uji staristik didapatkan perbedaan yang bermakna (p = 0,013). Dari hasil tes kemampuan fisik di darat maupun di air ternyata dengan pemberian makanan tambahan kecepatan awal dan akhir sesudah perlakuan lebih cepat daripada sebelum perlakuan, begitu juga waktu tempuh awal dan akhir sesudah perlakuan sesudah perlakuan lebih singkat daripada sebelum perlakuan.Kesimpulan : Pengaruh pemberian makanan tambahan dalam bentuk karbohidrat serta cairan dan elektrolit sangat berpengaruh terhadap simpanan karbohidrat mot, pencegahan dehidrasi. pencegahan penurunan prestasi pada pertandingan yang dilakukan berulang-ulang dan dalam waktu singkat serta dapat memenuhi kebumhan nutrisi makanan utama.

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ABSTRACT

objective

To identify the effects of carbohydrate, fluid and electrolyte of supplementary feeding on the performance of athletes. Jatiluhur National Training Center for Dragon boat, Purwakata.

Methods Dragon boat is one of the branches of sport, which has brought fame to Indonesia internationally. Athletes' physical performance very much enhances their sport performance. Taking part in races repeatedly, particularly in a short span of time will decrease their performance. However. Supplementary food can tackle this problem. Dragon boat is a sport which requires the combination of endurance and power. Therefore it demands carbohydrate as the main source of energy. The purpose of this research is to identify the effects of supplementary foods, either food or drink, such as carbohydrate, fluid and electrolyte on the physical changes of the athletes. It is a pre- and post-experimental test, using the control group as the same subjects as the treatment group. The physical performance test was conducted in land (dragon ergometer and running test of Balke Method), and on water (touring test). During those tests. administration of apples and 1 or bananas as supplementary food and sports drink containing carbohydrate, fluid and electrolyte were given

The energy intake ranged from 404,18 to 415,19 Kcal. The intake for carbohydrate was between 97.13 to 103,65 g.

Results : Carbohydrate intake before treatment was 59,7 % and after treatment was 61,4 %. Blood ureum level after treatment (27,96 mg/dL) was lower than before treatment (36,91 mg/dL). Blood creatine kinase level after treatment (55,55 mg/dL) was lower than before treatment (64,23 mg/dL). Hematocrite after treatment (45,32 vol %) was lower than before treatment (46,50 vol %). Sodium level after treatment (142,23 mg/L) was lower than before treatment (145,50 mg/L.). Potassium level after treatment (4,35 mg/L) was higher than before treatment (3,93 mg/dL). Changes of weight also accrued after treatment (0,02 kg), a little lower than before treatment (0,50 kg). By means of statistical test was found that the statistical significance was p = 0,013. The results of the physical performance test in land and on water have shown that supplementary feeding enhances the speed at the beginning and end of treatment than before the treatment. Also, the time distance needed at the beginning and the end of the races was shorter than before treatment.

Conclusions : Supplementary feeding in the form of carbohydrate, fluid and electrolyte has great influences on the storage of muscle carbohydrates, dehydration prevention, in the races which are carried out repeatedly in a short span of time. It can meet the nutrient requirement adequacy of main dish as well."

"Tujuan: Mengetahui efek pemberian nutrisi enteral dua jam pra sectio caesarea terhadap perubahan kadar hsIL-6 pasca sectio caesarea Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan uji klik paralel, yang subyek penelitiannya dipilih secara consecutive sampling, yang dibagi menjadi dua kelompok melalui randomisasi blok masing-masing terdiri dari 10 orang subyek. Data karakteristik awal penelitian meliputi usia, indikasi SC, status gizi berdasarkan KMS ibu hamil dan LiLA, asupan energi dan protein pra SC, lama operasi, jumlah perdarahan, dan hsIL-6 prabedah adalah homogen. Untuk melihat perbedaaan perubahan kadar hsIL-6 dilakukan pemeriksaan hsIL-6 setelah 6 jam pasca insisi. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji t. Batas kemaknaan 5%. Hasil: Peningkatan rerata dan simpang baku kadar hsIL-6 meningkat pada kedua Kelompok. Peningkatan kadar hsIL-6 ( p <0,05) dan perubahan kadar hsIL-6 lebih besar bermakna pada kelompok kontrol dibandingkan kelompok perlakuan (p <0,05). Simpulan: Pemberian nutrisi enteral dua jam pra secfio caesarea dapat menekan peningkatan kadar hsIL-6.

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Objective: To investigate the effect of enteral nutrition that given two hour before caesarean section on changes hsIL-6 levels after caesarean section.

Methods: The design study was a parallel clinical trial, in which the subject were selected by consecutive sampling, each proup consisted of ten subjects. The subject were divided into two groups using block randomization. Data collected including age, indication of CS, nutritional status based on MUAC and KMS chart in pregnancy, energy and protein intakes, duration of surgery, amount of blood loss during surgery, and hsIL-6 serum preoperative, were matched at baseline. To investigated the changes of hsIL-6 levels, the concentrations to assessed six hours post CS. Statistical analysis was measured by t-test. The significance levcl was 5%.

Results: There was a significant increasc of hsIL-6 levels (p = 0,001) in both groups. The increased and changes of hsIL-6 levels in the control group was significantly higher than in the treatment group. (p<0.05, and p <0,05 respectively).

Conclusion: Enteral nutrition that was given two hour before caesarean section can suppress the increased of hsIL-6 levels. "

"Anemia has long been recognized as a serious public health problem in many developing countries. WHO reported at an INACG meeting and estimated that 2 billion people were anemic. Based on the public health viewpoint, most cases of anemia are nutritional anemia and defined in the year 1968 WHO technical report as a condition in which the hemoglobin content of the blood is lower than normal as a result of a deficiency of one or more essential nutrients, regardless ofthe cause of such deficiency.The causal relationship between iron deficiency and physical work capacity is evaluated through a systematic review of research literature, including animal and human studies. The presumed mechanism for this effect is the reduced oxygen transport associated with anemia; tissue iron deficiency may also play a role through reduced cellular oxidative capacity.The effects of anemia on physical activities and work performance have been studied in several countries such as Indonesia and China. A study in Indonesia found a significantly lower output of anemic Indonesian rubber plantation workers than the non-anemic workers. The Vietnam national survey in anemia l995 revealed that the prevalence of anemia was 40.2 % among non-pregnant women; it was also high among males around 20 %), whereas the prevalence of iron deficiency among non pregnant women was not very high (33.3 %). Therefore, multivitamin supplementation may reduce the anemia prevalence among Vietnamese non pregnant workers. Some main problems of an anemia control program (in scale of 113 districts of Vietnam) were side effects and the unpleasant taste of iron tablets; it caused the low compliance of iron tablet consumption. On the other hand, multi vitamin tablets have no side effect and have a palatable taste, thus it may be well accepted."